Potamonautes sidneyi

Potamonautes sidneyi is a species of freshwater crab in the family Potamonautidae. The common name is the Natal river crab or Sidney's river crab,[1] although they may also be referred to as "river crabs", "fresh water crabs" or "land crabs".

Potamonautes sidneyi
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca
Order: Decapoda
Suborder: Pleocyemata
Infraorder: Brachyura
Family: Potamonautidae
Genus: Potamonautes
Species:
P. sidneyi
Binomial name
Potamonautes sidneyi
(Rathbun, 1904)
Synonyms[2]

Potamon sidneyi Rathbun, 1904

Distribution

This species is widespread in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, from the foothills of the Drakensberg to the coast from Port Shepstone to Lake Sibayi.[3] They are also found in the South African provinces of the Northern Cape, Mpumalanga, North West, Gauteng, Free State, Eastern Cape, and in the countries of Eswatini and Mozambique.[1]

Behaviour

These crabs commonly shelter in burrows that they dig into the side of muddy river banks or under rocks in rivers.[1] They come out from their shelters at night or after rain.[1] They mate outside of water and the female carries the eggs and young under her broad tail until they are fully formed miniature crabs. She then releases them into quiet pools in streams where the juveniles spend much of their time in the water. The young shelter under leaves, stones and among tree roots that enter the water. They spend more time on land as they mature.

Ecological significance

River crabs utilise energy from diverse trophic levels and are important detritivores; reducing the particle size of organic debris to present a source of nutrition to collector and filter-feeding river fauna, and ensure resource recycling within the river ecosystem.[4] These crabs are a primary source of food for Cape clawless otters and water mongoose,[5] and may also be eaten by Nile monitors.[6]

References
  1. Cumberlidge, N. (2008). "Potamonautes sidneyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T64390A12768129. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T64390A12768129.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. Peter K. L. Ng; Danièle Guinot & Peter J. F. Davie (2008). "Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 17: 1–286.
  3. G. Gouws & B. A. Stewart (2001). "Potamonautid river crabs (Decapoda, Brachyura, Potamonautidae) of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa" (PDF). Water SA. 27 (1): 85–98.
  4. M. P. Hill & J. H. O'Keeffe (1992). "Some aspects of the ecology of the freshwater crab (Potamonautes perlatus Milne Edwards) in the upper reaches of the Buffalo River, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa". Southern African Journal of Aquatic Sciences. 18: 42–50.
  5. M. G. Purves; H. Kruuk & J. A. J. Nel (1994). "Crabs Potamonautes perlatus in the diet of Otter Aonyx capensis and water mongoose Atilax paludinosus in a freshwater habitat in South Africa". Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde. 59: 332–341.
  6. B. Branch (1998). "Nile or Water Monitor". Field Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Southern Africa (3rd ed.). Struik Publishers. pp. 210–211. ISBN 978-1-86872-040-8.
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