National Basketball League (Australia)

The National Basketball League (NBL) is a men's professional basketball league in Australasia, currently composed of 10 teams: 9 in Australia and 1 in New Zealand. It is the premier professional men's basketball league in Australia and New Zealand.[1]

For other organisations with similar names, see National Basketball League (disambiguation) and NBL (disambiguation).

National Basketball League
Current season, competition or edition:
Current sports event 2023–24 NBL season
SportBasketball
Founded1979 (1979)
FounderJohn Raschke
Inaugural season1979
CEODavid Stevenson
PresidentLarry Kestelman
CommissionerJeremy Loeliger
MottoEvery Moment Matters
No. of teams10
CountriesAustralia (9 teams)
New Zealand (1 team)
Headquarters10 Queens Road
Melbourne, VIC, 3004
ConfederationFIBA Oceania (Oceania)
Most recent
champion(s)		Sydney Kings
(5th title)
Most titlesPerth Wildcats
(10 titles)
TV partner(s)
Sponsor(s)Hungry Jack's
Level on pyramid1
Domestic cup(s)NBL Cup
Official websiteNBL.com.au

History
Melbourne Tigers and Gold Coast Blaze at Parkville Stadium

Before the establishment of the NBL, there were two national basketball competitions: the National Titles and the Australian Club Championships.[2]

In August 1979, the inaugural season of the NBL commenced, playing in the winter season (April–September) which it did so until the completion of the 1998 season, the league's twentieth season.[3] The 1998–99 season, which began only months later, was the first to be played during the summer season (October–April). The shift, which is currently used by the league, was an attempt to avoid competing directly against Australia's various winter season football codes. Officially the NBL is Australia's third oldest continuing national sporting competition after the domestic cricket competition (which commenced its first season in 1892) and Australian Football League (which commenced its first season in 1897 as the Victorian Football League before changing its name in 1990).[4][5]

S.E. Melbourne Phoenix and Adelaide 36ers at John Cain Arena

The NBL experienced its "golden age" in the late 1980s and early 1990s,[6] but its popularity, media attention, attendance and corporate support deteriorated and plateaued in the decade afterward with the growth of the country's four football codes.

A second Melbourne club, the South Dragons, entered the league in the 2006–07 season, but was short lived, soon folding 3 years later after the 2008–09 season in which they were NBL champions. In the 2006–07 season, the NBL became the first Australasian sporting league to field a team from Asia with the Singapore Slingers playing.[7] The Gold Coast Blaze also joined the competition in the 2007–08 season. In 2007, Australian NBA player Andrew Bogut suggested the NBL try to adopt a model similar to the Australian Football League (AFL) whereby there are the same 10 or 15 teams over a 10-year period.[8]

A turbulent period during 2008 and 2009 saw the league lose teams from Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane and Singapore.[9]

The 2009–10 season earmarked as the season in which the NBL would begin its revamping, much like the old National Soccer League which became the eight team A-League.[10] The NBL returned to free-to-air television in Australia for the first time in three years with One broadcasting 2–3 games a week.

The 2010–11 season saw the return of the Sydney Kings after the club was purchased for A$20,000 on 31 July 2008.[11]

In 2013, the NBL had a de-merger from Basketball Australia.[12][13]

Crowds improved for the 2013–14 NBL season, recording the highest cumulative crowd attendance figures for the past five years.[14]

After numerous teams folding and a plummeting public profile property developer Larry Kestelman purchased a 51% portion of the league. Since then game attendance, TV viewership, website visitors and app downloads have been consistently on the increase.[15]

In April 2016, the Townsville Crocodiles folded as they had become too financially unsustainable to continue.[16]

Larry Kestelman has stated on the Aussie Hoopla podcast that no NBL club will ever fold again as long as he is in control of the league.

Allowing for clubs to recruit the best Australian players not in the NBA became easier with the marquee rule which saw the return from Europe and the US of players such as Brad Newley, David Andersen and Andrew Bogut. In addition the Special Restricted Player rule, introduced for the 2016–17 season, allows for clubs to recruit players born in countries such China, Philippines, Taiwan, India, South Korea, Singapore, and Japan who would not count as imports under NBL rules.[17][18]

The growth of Basketball in Asia over recent years and the overall strength and standard of Australian Basketball should ensure the sustainability of the league for many years provided Asian players continue to strive to compete in the NBL and Asian basketball fans are able to follow the league. Current trends should see the NBL as the third highest attended basketball league in the world, after the NBA and EuroLeague.[19]

From 2016 to 2018, there was a renewed interest in the sport, with it being described as being the National Basketball League's greatest ever period. 2016–17 set a new attendance record for the league, with the figure being matched the following year, as well as the Grand Final series for the 2017–18 season.[20][21][22]

In 2018, the S.E. Melbourne Phoenix were announced as the latest club to join the league, and started competing in the 2019–20 season; a season which was widely regarded as a major season for the league. After an active off-season, including the signings of LaMelo Ball and R. J. Hampton, two highly rated NBA 2020 draft picks, the league started by continuing to topple attendance records from the first round.[23] The season's opening night had 10,300 fans in attendance to watch Melbourne United and the S.E. Melbourne Phoenix compete in the first "Throwdown", with a further 20,550 fans attending games across the first round.[24] After signing a broadcasting deal with Facebook Watch, over one million American fans watched Ball's first game in the NBL against the Brisbane Bullets.[25]

Following two condensed seasons due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2022–23 NBL season and the 2023 finals series saw a number of all-time attendance records being set for the league.[26]

Competition format
Melbourne United and Sydney Kings at Melbourne Arena

Regular season

Since the 2009–10 season, each team has played 28 games during the regular season, 14 home and 14 away. The regular season starts in early October and ends in mid February.

In the 2020–21 season, each team played an extra 8 games (36 games) due to the newly formatted NBL Cup tournament. The following season the NBL returned to their normal format of 28 games with no midseason tournament.[27]

Finals
Main article: NBL Finals

The top four teams at the end of the regular season advances to the Finals. The team finishing in the first and second position at the completion of the regular season receives home advantages in their best-of-three first round matchup against the team finishing in third and fourth position. The winner of each of the three matches advances to the Grand Final. The winner of Series 1 plays the winner of Series 2 in the best-of-five Grand Final series, with home advantage being awarded to the highest remaining seed. The winner of this series is crowned as NBL champion.[28]

In the 2022–23 season, the NBL introduced play-in games.[29] The top two seeds in the regular season will automatically qualify to the semi-finals. Teams ranked three to six will compete in the play-in tournament. The third seed will play the fourth seed for third spot and the loser will play the winner of fifth or sixth for the fourth seed.[30]

NBL Cup
Main article: NBL Cup

In the 2020–21 season, the NBL introduced the NBL Cup which is a 36-game mid-season competition. Each game would contribute to each team's regular season record.[31][32]

In the 2021–22 season, the NBL returned to their normal format of 28 games.[33] The league may return the cup tournament with a Gather Round-style basketball event.[34]

Current clubs
See also: List of current NBL team rosters and List of defunct National Basketball League (Australia) teams

The NBL was founded in 1979 with nine teams.[1] Due to club expansions, reductions and relocations, many of the teams either changed or ceased to exist. There are currently ten teams; nine teams in Australia and one team in New Zealand. The teams are located in Adelaide, Auckland, Brisbane, Cairns, Hobart, Melbourne, Perth, Sydney, and Wollongong. The Illawarra Hawks are the oldest club in the competition, having participated in every season since 1979.

The salary cap for each team is $AU1.1 million as a 'soft cap' with marquee players able to be paid amounts that will exceed that amount for the team.

Club Icon City State Arena Capacity Founded Head Coach NBL
Championships		 Most
recent
Adelaide 36ers Adelaide South Australia South Australia Adelaide Entertainment Centre 11,300 1982 Australia C. J. Bruton 4 2002 (2002)
Brisbane Bullets Brisbane Queensland Queensland Nissan Arena 5,000 1979 Australia Justin Schueller 3 2007 (2007)
Cairns Taipans Cairns Queensland Queensland Cairns Convention Centre 5,300 1999 Australia Adam Forde 0 N/A
Illawarra Hawks Wollongong New South Wales New South Wales WIN Entertainment Centre 6,000 1979 Australia Jacob Jackomas 1 2001 (2001)
Melbourne United Melbourne Victoria (state) Victoria John Cain Arena 10,500 1984 Australia Dean Vickerman 6 2021 (2021)
New Zealand Breakers Auckland New Zealand New Zealand Spark Arena 9,300 2003 Israel Mody Maor 4 2015 (2015)
Perth Wildcats Perth Western Australia Western Australia RAC Arena 15,500 1982 Australia John Rillie 10 2020 (2020)
S.E. Melbourne Phoenix Melbourne Victoria (state) Victoria John Cain Arena 10,500 2019 United States Mike Kelly 0 N/A
State Basketball Centre 3,200
Sydney Kings Sydney New South Wales New South Wales Qudos Bank Arena 18,200 1988 State of Palestine Mahmoud Abdelfattah 5 2023 (2023)
Tasmania JackJumpers Hobart Tasmania Tasmania MyState Bank Arena 5,000 2020 United States Scott Roth 0 N/A
Silverdome 5,000

Former clubs
Club Icon City State Years in
the NBL		 History
Bankstown Bruins / West Sydney Westars Bankstown New South Wales New South Wales 1979–1987 Became the West Sydney Westars for the seasons, 1986–1987. Merged with the Sydney Supersonics to form the Sydney Kings in 1988.
Canberra Cannons Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australian Capital Territory 1979–2003 Celebrated their 20th Anniversary in 1998 as one of only four foundation clubs left in the NBL. The club only lasted a few more years.
City of Sydney Astronauts / Sydney Supersonics Sydney New South Wales New South Wales 1979–1987 Became the Sydney Supersonics in 1982. Merged with the West Sydney Westars to form the Sydney Kings in 1988.
Coburg Giants / North Melbourne Giants North Melbourne Victoria (state) Victoria 1980–1998 Became the North Melbourne Giants for the seasons, 1987–1998.

Merged with the South East Melbourne Magic to form the Victoria Titans for the seasons, 1998–2002.

Devonport Warriors Devonport Tasmania Tasmania 1983–1984
Frankston Bears Frankston Victoria (state) Victoria 1983–1984
Geelong Cats / Geelong Supercats Geelong Victoria (state) Victoria 1982–1996 Became the Geelong Supercats for the seasons, 1988–1996.
Glenelg Tigers Glenelg South Australia South Australia 1979 Finished last in the inaugural season and never competed in the NBL again.
Gold Coast Blaze Gold Coast Queensland Queensland 2007–2012
Gold Coast Cougars / Gold Coast Rollers Gold Coast Queensland Queensland 1990–1996 Became the Gold Coast Rollers in 1991.
Hobart Devils / Hobart Tassie Devils Hobart Tasmania Tasmania 1983–1996 Became the Hobart Tassie Devils for the seasons, 1988–1995. But changed back to the "Hobart Devils" for the 1996 season.
Hunter Pirates Newcastle New South Wales New South Wales 2003–2006 Acquired the licence from the Canberra Cannons and competed for several seasons before folding.
Launceston Casino City Launceston Tasmania Tasmania 1980–1982 Joined the NBL in 1980. Won a championship in 1981. Finished 5–21 in 1982 and left the NBL.
Newcastle Falcons Newcastle New South Wales New South Wales 1979–1999 One of the foundation clubs in the NBL that celebrated their 20th Anniversary in 1998. Unfortunately the club only lasted one more year in the NBL afterwards.
Nunawading Spectres / Eastside Spectres Nunawading Victoria (state) Victoria 1979–1991 Became the Eastside Spectres in 1987. Merged with the Southern Melbourne Saints to form the South East Melbourne Magic in 1992.
Singapore Slingers Singapore Singapore Singapore 2006–2008 Acquired the licence from the Hunter Pirates, becoming the first Asian team to enter the NBL.

They chose to withdraw from the competition due to international flight costs to Australia and New Zealand.

South Dragons Melbourne Victoria (state) Victoria 2006–2009 Took up the vacant licence after the demise of Victoria Giants. South Dragons were champions in 2008–2009 but elected to not enter a team in season 2009–10, citing dissatisfaction with the management of the NBL. It was not allowed to compete in the NBL afterwards.
S.E. Melbourne Magic Melbourne Victoria (state) Victoria 1992–1998 Formed from a merger between the Eastside Spectres and the Southern Melbourne Saints. Merged with North Melbourne Giants to form the Victoria Titans for the seasons, 1998–2002.
St. Kilda Saints / Westside Saints /
Southern Melbourne Saints		 Melbourne Victoria (state) Victoria 1979–1991 Became the Westside Saints in 1987. Became the Southern Melbourne Saints in 1991. Merged with the Eastside Spectres to form the South East Melbourne Magic in 1992.
Townsville Suns / Townsville Crocodiles[35] Townsville Queensland Queensland 1993–2016 Became the Townsville Crocodiles in 1998. Competed in the NBL for 24 seasons from 1993 to 2016.
Victoria Titans / Victoria Giants Melbourne Victoria (state) Victoria 1998–2004 Formed from a merger between the South East Melbourne Magic and the North Melbourne Giants. Became the Victoria Giants for the seasons, 2002–2004 after the Titans went into financial administration.
West Adelaide Bearcats Adelaide South Australia South Australia 1979–1984 Left the NBL following the 1984 season and merged with the Adelaide 36ers.
West Sydney Razorbacks / Sydney Spirit Western Sydney New South Wales New South Wales 1998–2009 Became the Sydney Spirit in 2008–09.
West Torrens Eagles / Forestville Eagles Wayville South Australia South Australia 1980–1981 Became the Forestville Eagles in 1981. Left the NBL in 1982 and formed the basis of the Adelaide City Eagles.[36]

Recent expansion

After weeks of reports of a return of a Tasmanian team, in June 2019, Larry Kestelman flagged Tasmania as a potential 10th team. However he stressed that if a Tasmanian team did enter the NBL, they would be eased in, and that there was no timeline.[37] On 28 February 2020, the NBL and the Tasmanian Government announced that they had reached an agreement for Tasmania to host the 10th team in the NBL, known as the Tasmania JackJumpers, which would join for the 2021–22 season.[38]

In April 2022, Larry Kestelman flagged Canberra as a potential 11th team. Kestelman says “Canberra could be next in line for a league license, following the same model as the Tasmania JackJumpers.”[39] The last Canberra team to play in the NBL was the Cannons from 1979–2003. They won three NBL championships and played their home games at the AIS Arena.[40]

Rivalries
S.E. Melbourne Phoenix and Melbourne United at John Cain Arena

Adelaide 36ers vs Brisbane Bullets

Arguably the NBL's oldest rivalry started in 1985 when the Brian Kerle coached Bullets defeated the Ken Cole coached 36ers 121–95 in the 1985 NBL Grand Final, the last single game Grand Final in NBL history. From 1985 to 1987, the Bullets and 36ers were the two dominant teams in the NBL and the two clubs met in the 1986 NBL Grand Final, the first NBL GF to be played over a 3-game series. An Australian indoor sports attendance record of around 11,000 saw the first game of the 1986 series played at the Brisbane Entertainment Centre with Adelaide, who had a 24–2 record for the season, winning 122–119 in overtime. Brisbane then handed Adelaide its only home loss of 1986 (the 36ers had gone 13–0 at the Apollo Stadium) when they won Game 2 104–83 before Adelaide won its first NBL title with a 113–91 win at Apollo in Game 3. The teams were evenly matched at the time with players such as Al Green, Mark Davis, Bill Jones, Peter Ali, Darryl Pearce, Mike McKay and Dwayne Nelson (Adelaide) against Brisbane's star import Leroy Loggins, captain Larry Sengstock, guard Ron Radliff, forwards Danny Morseu, Robert Sibley and Chris McGraw, centre John Dorge and (in 1985 and 1986) Cal Bruton. Loggins was the NBL MVP in 1986 and 1987 (and player of the match in the 1985 GF) while Mark Davis was the Grand Final MVP in 1986 and shared the NBL MVP award with Loggins in 1987.

The Rivalry between the two clubs again reached fever pitch in the mid-1990s when Bullets guard Shane Heal earned the ire of the Adelaide crowd during Game 3 of the 1994 Elimination final series when he gave the crowd at the Clipsal Powerhouse a 'double bird'. Heal, who had scored 61 points in the last regular season game before scoring 42 points in Game 1 to lead Brisbane to a 116–105 home win over the 36ers, had not actually managed to score a point before half time in Game 2 which the 36ers had won 99–91 before also winning Game 3 101–84. Heal, along with former 36er Mark Bradtke who had left under acrimonious circumstances at the end of 1992 to join the Melbourne Tigers, became public enemy #1 to the 36ers crowd following the incident.

With the Bullets returning to the NBL in 2016, the rivalry has continued with Adelaide defeating the Bullets in their first encounter at home, the Bullets returning the favour with an away win in Adelaide, while a week later Adelaide spoiled the Bullets regular season return to the Entertainment Centre for the first time since 1997 with a resounding 101–83 win.[41]

Adelaide 36ers vs Melbourne United

Apart from the normal South Australian and Victorian rivalry, the 36ers vs United (formerly Tigers) rivalry started at the end of the 1992 season when 36ers centre Mark Bradtke joined Spanish club Juver Murcia following the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona, Spain for a short stint. Before he left he signed an agreement with the 36ers stating that he would finish his one-year contract with the club should he return within a certain time. Upon his return to Australia, Bradtke stated his intention not to return to the 36ers with the Tigers rumoured to be actively chasing him. After protracted negotiations with 36ers management that led to the club being prepared to buy out his remaining contract, the NBL stepped in and vetoed the buy out, effectively letting Bradtke leave for Melbourne without the 36ers receiving any compensation for the remainder of his contract with the club. When Bradtke returned to Adelaide with the Tigers on 4 July 1993 he was soundly booed whenever he touched the ball by the 8,000 strong crowd at the Clipsal Powerhouse. The booing of Bradtke and the Andrew Gaze led Tigers continued for a number of seasons.

A new rivalry has emerged with Julius Hodge, a former 36er, returning to the NBL in November 2009, signing with the Melbourne Tigers. Hodge was a star in Adelaide when he joined the 36ers mid-season the previous two years, however issues relating to alleged missed payments caused him to walk out on the club in early January 2009 on bad terms.[42]

Hodge returned to his old home court for the first time on 5 December 2009 in a Tigers overtime victory. After being heckled and taunted all night in a quiet game by his standards, Hodge caused more controversy when he stamped and spat on the Brett Maher signature on the centre of the Brett Maher Court following his new club's win. He was booed off aggressively and loudly by the Adelaide fans and needed security to escort him out of the stadium.[43]

Adelaide 36ers vs Perth Wildcats

Both teams were perennial championship contenders in the late 1980s and early 90s and had several marquee players with excellent match-ups, the three most notable all involving American imports: Al Green (Adelaide) vs Cal Bruton (Perth), Mark Davis (Adelaide) vs James Crawford (Perth) and Bill Jones (Adelaide) vs Tiny Pinder (Perth). Games during this era were rarely blowouts and helped to fuel the rivalry. Adelaide won the 1986 NBL Championship over the Brisbane Bullets and Bruton, who moved from Brisbane to be player-coach of Perth in 1987, built a team specifically to beat the reigning champions. Despite the long time rivalry between the two clubs, and the two teams having played numerous semi-final series against each other with the first being in that 1987 season, they did not face each other in a grand final series until the 2013–14 season, which was won by the Perth Wildcats. the Wildcats have won each semi-finals series played between the two (1987, 1989 and 1995).

The 1995 series proved to be one of the most volatile and controversial due to an incident between 36ers forward Chris Blakemore and Perth's Martin Cattalini in Game 1 in Adelaide. Under instructions from coach Mike Dunlap to basically belt the next Perth player to go through the key, Blakemore back handed Cattalini, giving the Wildcats forward a large cut on his mouth that required 15 stitches. Blakemore was suspended for Game 2 in Perth as the Wildcats swept the 36ers 2–0 before going on to defeat the defending champion North Melbourne Giants (who had swept Adelaide in 1994) 2–1 in the Grand Final. In an ironic twist, Cattalini would join the 36ers in 1996 and later went on to win two championships with the club (plus another with Perth), while Blakemore, the NBL's Rookie of the year in 1993 and its Most Improved Player award winner in 1994, as well as playing for the Australian Boomers in 1995, joined the Canberra Cannons in 1996 and his career went downhill from there with his NBL career ending at the end of 1997 after just two seasons with the Cannons.[44]

As the mainstay players began to slow with age and retire, the intensity of this rivalry has declined. The two clubs remain some of the most successful in the NBL with four championships for Adelaide and ten for Perth, and are first and second on the all-time wins list (748 wins for Perth, 692 wins for Adelaide as of 20 May 2021) and have also matched up on more occasions (134 times total; Perth leading all time between the two 73 – 61) than any other two teams in the NBL (as of 15 November 2019). The rivalry continues into the 2012–13 season with the 36ers beating the Wildcats in back to back games in rounds 6 and 7, including the opening game at Perth's new home, the Perth Arena, in front of a then record Wildcats crowd of 11,562.

The Wildcats and the 36ers dominated the 2013–14 NBL season, finishing first and second respectively during the regular round. After the three previous semi-final meetings, they then faced off in their first ever Grand Final series which saw the Wildcats emerge with their record 6th NBL championship with a 2–1 series win. This was one of the most anticipated series in NBL history, not only given the two clubs' long-standing rivalry, but also due to the post-game on court 'brawl' which took place following their Round 18 clash in Perth earlier in the season.

Adelaide and Perth play for the Cattalini Cup named for Perth born Martin Cattalini who won two championships with each club. In each game, the game MVP is awarded with the Paul Rogers Medal named for Adelaide born centre Paul Rogers who made his NBL debut for the 36ers in 1992 and later joined Perth, winning 2 championships and the NBL MVP award in 2000 while with the Wildcats.

Cairns Taipans vs Townsville Crocodiles

Cairns Taipans and Melbourne United at Cairns Convention Centre

A local derby-style rivalry nicknamed "Reptile Rumble" has developed to determine which is the dominant North Queensland team. The Cairns-Townsville basketball rivalry would have to be one of the longest and most passionate in the NBL. Both teams generally attract a close to capacity crowd anywhere from 4000+ at their home games. Each team and their supporters and mascots generally boo and taunt their visiting rivals. The rivalry has been in existent for over 10 years and almost came to a near end when the Cairns Taipans were on the verge of extinction due to financial issues.

The rivalry between the two North Queensland based clubs is currently extinct due to the Crocodiles folding at the end of the 2015–16 NBL season.

Illawarra Hawks vs Sydney Kings

Illawarra Hawks fans consider the Sydney Kings to be their most fierce rival. Many Hawks players have moved to the Kings including two former Rookie of the Year winners and a two-time Olympian. In the absence of the Kings, the Sydney Spirit took the role of rival, but this felt fake to some Hawks faithful. The Hawks took bragging rights after the 2000–01 season when they became the first team from New South Wales to qualify for the NBL finals, which they won against Townsville. Sydney then took the ascendency when they won three championships in a row, including a clean sweep of the Hawks.

The next time they met in the post-season, Sydney swept the Hawks 2–0 in the 2022 Semi-Finals enroute to their fourth championship.[45][46]

New Zealand Breakers vs Perth Wildcats

The Breakers and the Wildcats have arguably been the NBL's strongest teams and have been fairly evenly matched. Between them, they have won every year's premiership from 2009–10 to 2016–17 and met in the final in 2011–12 and 2012–13 (both won by the Breakers) and 2015–16 (won by the Wildcats). Both teams have similarities in that they have to travel great distances to play any other NBL team. These two factors have combined to make a "derby of distance" between the NBL's farthest-flung members. The rivalry may have its origins in a scrap between players from each side after a game in 2004.[47] Games between the two sides have been intense ones for several years and often marked with incident.[48]

Melbourne United vs South East Melbourne Phoenix

Known as the "Throwdown", these two teams formed a rivalry as they are both based in Melbourne and play their games at John Cain Arena. The first Throwdown was the Phoenix's first game in the NBL, as well as the first game of the 2019–20 NBL season, with the Phoenix winning 91–88.[49]

The two teams have since met in the 2021 semi-finals, with United winning the series 2–1.[50]

Organisation

Sponsorship

At the start of the 2004–05 season, the NBL struck a new television deal with Fox Sports in Australia and a multi-year naming-rights sponsorship deal with electronics manufacturer Philips. Though in 2007, Philips announced they would not continuing their naming rights sponsorship in response to the NBL wishing to increase the sponsorship deal.[51] On 18 September 2007, the NBL announced Hummer as their naming rights sponsor for the 2007–08 season.[52]

On 13 September 2010, iiNet was announced as the NBL naming rights sponsor and Centrebet as the official sports betting partner.[53][54] Spalding provided equipment including the official game ball, with AND1 supplying team apparel.[55][56] The iiNet sponsorship lasted for 3 seasons, and the Centrebet sponsorship lasted for two seasons.

On 5 October 2017, Hungry Jack's became the naming rights sponsor for the NBL.[57] The Hungry Jack's logo features on player jerseys, in and around venues and the company is closely associated with Heritage Month in January.[58]

Naming rights

Media coverage

National television broadcasting rights are as follows: While the ABC had exclusive national broadcasting rights from 1979 to 1987, other television stations around the country (usually those affiliated with either the Seven Network or Network Ten) would broadcast their local teams to their state markets once the sport gained popularity. For example, in the mid-1980s the Adelaide 36ers and Brisbane Bullets home games were shown in Adelaide and Brisbane by Network Ten stations SAS and TV0 respectively.

In 2015, Fox Sports secured a 5-year deal for the Australian broadcasting rights of all games, starting with the 2015–16 season.[69] In addition, for the 2015–16 season Nine Network secured one weekly match (every Sunday afternoon) for FTA.[70] In 2016, SBS secured the exclusive free-to-air rights for the 2016–17 season, broadcasting and streaming online one Sunday match live each week.[71][72] In the 2017–18 Season, SBS broadcast 2 games live, one on Saturday and another on Sunday, while ABC broadcast a Friday night game on delay at 11pm. In 2021, the NBL signed a three-year deal with ESPN, Foxtel, Kayo Sports and News Corp, with every game broadcast on ESPN and Kayo Sports, and selected games broadcast with the NBL's free-to-air partner 10 Peach.[73][74]

In August 2022, FanDuel TV announced they had acquired the broadcast rights to the NBL in the United States.[75]

The entire 2023–24 season will be carried on ESPN3 and the ESPN App in the United States.[76]

Year Australia New Zealand
Free TV Pay TV Free TV Pay TV
1979 ABC
1987
1988 Seven Network
1991
1992 Network Ten
1995 Fox Sports
1997
1998 ABC
2001 Sky Sport (2003-2007)
2007 Nine Network Māori Television
2010 Network Ten
One
2011 Sky Sport
2015 Fox Sports
2016 Nine Network
2017 SBS
2018 SBS
ABC
2019 Nine Network
9Go!
2020 SBS
SBS Viceland
NITV		 ESPN/Kayo
2021 10 Peach
2022

Squad formation and salary cap
Cairns Taipans players in late 2019

Most teams have historically featured at least one and usually two American imports. Currently, teams are limited to having three imports (i.e., non-Australasians) on the roster at any one time; NBL initiatives in recent years have added two roster slots that may be filled by imports without counting against the three-import limit. Some of these players have moved to Australia permanently and become Australian citizens; a few including Cal Bruton, Mark Davis, Leroy Loggins and Ricky Grace have even played for the Australian national team (under a FIBA rule that allows one naturalised player to compete for a national team).

The NBL's salary cap for the 2006–07 season was A$776,000, and increased to A$810,000 for the 2007–08 season; the cap rose for two consecutive years due to the continued growth of the NBL. The salary cap rose A$1,000,000 for the 2009–10 season. The cap remains at A$1,000,000 for the 2012–13 season.[77]

For the 2016–17 season, the salary cap was changed from a A$1,000,000 ‘hard cap’ to a A$1,100,000 ‘soft cap’. Teams may exceed the soft cap provided that they pay a salary equalisation subsidy based on the extent to which they have exceeded the cap. In addition, player values for purposes of the salary cap are not based on the salary submitted to the NBL, but are determined by a special NBL panel. The cap regulations also mandate that teams distribute their salaries so that at least one group of five players has a collective cap value of no more than A$400,000. Both cap numbers (the soft cap and the 5-player aggregate cap) have increased since then, based on average NBL salaries.[78]

On 9 May 2014, to help attract high-calibre imports or offer financial incentive for local stars considering overseas opportunities, the NBL introduced a marquee player rule, in which a team can nominate one player whose salary is paid outside the cap, with a 25% Marquee Player levy applied to any payment made above the salary cap.[79][80] For the 2016–17 season, the value was modified so that if the marquee player is a "non-restricted" player (explained below), only the first $150,000 of that player's salary will be counted toward that team's salary cap.[78]

NBL legend Andrew Gaze has pointed to these changes being instrumental to the improvement of NBL and its Australian players.[81]

Also effective in 2016–17, the number of import roster slots was increased from two to three, and each team was allowed (but not required) to have one player from a FIBA Asia or FIBA Oceania country other than Australia or New Zealand on its roster who would not be counted against the import limit. Since then, the NBL has used the term "non-restricted" to describe all players signed as locals, including Asian/Oceanic players signed under the regional initiative.[78] With this change, many of the best Asian-born players were expected to seek NBL contracts, as teams can now recruit them and play them as locals.[82]

In 2020, the NBL reduced the number of imports per club from 3 to 2.[83]

The maximum length of NBL player contracts is three years.[84] The 2020–21 NBL salary cap has been set at $US 1,227,930, with one marquee 'local' player (including players with Asian or Oceania passports) and traditional imports exempt from the salary cap. Next Stars may also be exempt.[85]

Next Stars Program

On 2 March 2018, the NBL announced the "Next Stars" initiative which would launch with the NBL's 2018–19 season. The scheme is designed to provide young elite overseas players, mainly Americans (who are currently barred from the NBA draft until one year out of secondary school), as well as Australians and New Zealanders considering U.S. college basketball, with a professional option immediately out of secondary school. Each team will receive one additional import roster slot intended to provide a "Next Star" slot. Players who will be part of the scheme will be selected by a special NBL panel and, should they accept the NBL's offer, be contracted directly by the NBL and placed into an allocation pool to be distributed among the NBL's teams. The chosen players will receive a salary of at least A$100,000, as well as a car, apartment, and flights home during NBL breaks. The scheme will be funded for the first season by the NBL, meaning that "Next Star" players will not count against the salary cap. Finally, under current rules, the NBA allows its teams to spend up to US$700,000 to buy players out of professional contracts in non-North American leagues; should a "Next Star" be bought out by an NBA team (or by a team in another overseas league), the buyout amount will be split between the team and the NBL.[86][87] The first player signed to a Next Star contract was American Brian Bowen, signed on 7 August 2018 and assigned to the Sydney Kings.[88]

Uniforms

Since the 2020–21 season, Champion has supplied the uniforms for all teams in the NBL.[89]

City Round

With the introduction of First Ever as uniform supplier in 2018, the NBL announced the "City" round. During this annual round, all teams wear limited edition jerseys which are specific to the city of their team.[90]

Indigenous Round

In December 2018, the Illawarra Hawks and Sydney Kings wore Indigenous based jerseys to celebrate "the rich Indigenous culture within basketball as a whole."[91]

After this successful launch, the NBL announced that in the 2019–20 season all teams would be competing in an Indigenous round.[92]

Honours

List of champions
Main article: List of NBL champions
2016–17 Championship trophy
TeamsWinLossTotalYear(s) wonYear(s) runner-up|Notes
Perth Wildcats106161990, 1991, 1995, 2000, 2010, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2019, 20201987, 1993, 2003, 2012, 2013, 2021Record holder of consecutive finals appearances in a major Australian professional sports competition.
Melbourne United65111993, 1997, 2006, 2008, 2018, 20211992, 1996, 2007, 2009, 2019Four championships won as the Melbourne Tigers. Rebranded as Melbourne United in 2014.
Sydney Kings5382003, 2004, 2005, 2022, 20232006, 2008, 2020Formed in 1988 after Sydney Supersonics and West Sydney Westars merged.
First NBL team to win 3 championships in a row.
Adelaide 36ers4481986, 1998, 1999, 20021985, 1994, 2014, 2018Won the first multi-game Grand Final series in 1986.
New Zealand Breakers4262011, 2012, 2013, 20152016, 2023First New Zealand-based team and champions in the NBL, won 4 titles in 5 seasons.
Brisbane Bullets3361985, 1987, 20071984, 1986, 1990Won the last single-game Grand Final in 1985.
Canberra Cannons†3251983, 1984, 19881979, 1989Became the Hunter Pirates in 2003.
North Melbourne Giants†2241989, 19941988, 1995Known as the Coburg Giants from 1980 to 1986.
Merged to form the Victoria Titans in 1998.
S.E. Melbourne Magic†2241992, 19961997, 1998Formed in 1992 after the Southern Melbourne Saints and the Eastside Spectres merged.
Merged to form the Victoria Titans in 1998.
St. Kilda Saints†2021979, 1980—Known as the Westside Saints from 1987 to 1990 and the Southern Melbourne Saints in 1991.
Illawarra Hawks13420012005, 2010, 2017Known as the Illawarra Hawks from 1979 to 1998, 2015–2020, and 2021–present; the Wollongong Hawks from 1998 to 2015; and The Hawks from 2020 to 2021.
West Adelaide Bearcats*12319821980, 1983Team left the NBL in 1984.
Launceston Casino City†1011981—Team folded in 1983.
South Dragons†1012009—Team left the NBL in 2009.
Cairns Taipans022—2011, 2015
Eastside Spectres*022—1981, 1991
Victoria Titans†022—1999, 2000
West Sydney Razorbacks†022—2002, 2004
Geelong Cats*011—1982
Tasmania JackJumpers011—2022
Townsville Crocodiles†011—2001
† Defunct club.
* Former club, now competes in NBL1.

Regular season champions
Main article: List of National Basketball League (Australia) seasons
Team Titles Winning seasons Last season title
Sydney Kings 7 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2020, 2023 2023
Adelaide 36ers 6 1986, 1987, 1988, 1999, 2000, 2017 2017
Melbourne United 6 1994, 1996, 2016, 2018, 2021, 2022 2022
Perth Wildcats 6 1991, 1993, 1995, 2010, 2014, 2019 2019
Brisbane Bullets 3 1984*, 1985, 2007 2007
New Zealand Breakers 3 2011, 2012, 2013 2013
S.E. Melbourne Magic† 3 1992, 1997, 1998 1998
St. Kilda Saints† 3 1979, 1980, 1981 1981
Geelong Cats* 2 1983*, 1984* 1984
Victoria Titans† 2 2001, 2002 2002
Cairns Taipans 1 2015 2015
Canberra Cannons† 1 1989 1989
North Melbourne Giants† 1 1990 1990
South Dragons† 1 2009 2009
Sydney Supersonics† 1 1983* 1983
West Adelaide Bearcats* 1 1982 1982
† Defunct club.
* Former club, now competes in NBL1.

* Note: In 1983 and 1984, the NBL was split into Eastern and Western divisions during the regular season.

Hall of Fame
Main article: Australian Basketball Hall of Fame

The NBL Hall of Fame was instituted by the NBL in 1998 as part of their 20th season celebrations, to recognise the outstanding players, coaches, referees and contributors to the NBL. In 2010, the NBL Hall of Fame united with the Basketball Australia Hall of Fame to create the Australian Basketball Hall of Fame.[93][94]

To be eligible for induction into the Hall of Fame, NBL candidates must have fulfilled the following criteria:

  • Players must have made an outstanding contribution to the NBL, have been retired for a minimum of four seasons, and have played 100 NBL games or more.
  • Coaches must have made an outstanding contribution to the NBL, have been retired for at least four seasons, and have been an NBL head coach for 10 seasons or more.
  • Referees must have made an outstanding contribution to the NBL and have been retired for at least four seasons.
  • Contributors must have made an outstanding contribution to the NBL, and may be elected at any time.

Awards
Main article: List of National Basketball League (Australia) awards

Road trips

Doomsday Double
The Doomsday Double, involving a road trip to play the Adelaide 36ers and Perth Wildcats during the same round, has occurred 141 times as at the end of the 2010–11 season. Only four teams have won both legs of the trip, played either on consecutive nights or on a Friday night and Sunday afternoon. Due to the long time success rate of both the 36ers and Wildcats, the Double has long been considered the toughest two games in one weekend road trip in the NBL. The Doomsday Double was given its name by Hall of Famer Cal Bruton during its early days when the trip was a game in Perth on the Friday night followed by Adelaide the following night or vice versa.

Sunshine Swing
Similar to the Doomsday Double, the Sunshine Swing pits teams against an away double or even triple game schedule against opponents from the state of Queensland, in the same round. The most frequent combinations have featured the Brisbane Bullets/Gold Coast Rollers or Cairns Taipans/Townsville Crocodiles double. Other variants include Brisbane Bullets/Cairns Taipans (current version), Brisbane Bullets/Townsville Crocodiles and the Brisbane Bullets/Cairns Taipans/Townsville Crocodiles triple.

NBLxNBA
Main article: NBLxNBA

NBLxNBA is a series involving clubs from the NBL and the National Basketball Association (NBA) of Northern America. The series started in 2017 for each organisation's 2017–18 season, and each season includes between two and seven games. The games have always been held in the U.S. and Canada, and typically are held during September and early October.

NBL All-Star Game
Main article: NBL All-Star Game (Australia)

The NBL All-Star Game is an event that was first contested in 1982 by East and West teams. It was revived in 1988 when North and South teams competed. This match was played annually until 1997. In 2003–04 season the concept was revived with an east–west match being held in Melbourne. The following season saw a change of format, with a local team (Aussie All-Stars) playing an imports team (World All-Stars). This was discontinued after the 2007–08 season. The concept was revived in 2012 with an All-Star game between North and South that was scheduled for December 2012.[95]

See also

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