National Institute of Korean Language

The National Institute of Korean Language (NIKL; Korean: 국립국어원) is a language regulator of the Korean language based in Seoul, South Korea.[2] It was created on January 23, 1991, by Presidential Decree No. 13163 (November 14, 1990).[1]

National Institute of Korean Language

Headquarter building in Seoul (2012)
Agency overview
FormedJanuary 23, 1991 (1991-01-23)
Preceding agency
  • Research Institute of the Korean Language (private organization)
Headquarters154, Geumnanghwaro (827 Banghwa-dong), Gangseo District, Seoul 07511, South Korea[1]
37.579115°N 126.813791°E / 37.579115; 126.813791
Websitekorean.go.kr (in English)
Korean name
Hangul
Hanja
Revised RomanizationGungnip Gugeowon
McCune–ReischauerKungnip Kugŏwŏn

It has previously gone by a number of names, including the Academy of the Korean Language (국어연구소) when it was first founded as a non-government organization in 1984, and the National Academy of the Korean Language (국립국어연구원) when it became a government agency in 1991. It received its current Korean name in 2004 and its current English name in 2015.[3]

Within the NIKL is the Center for Teaching and Learning Korean.[4]

Services

Standard Korean Language Dictionary
Main article: Standard Korean Language Dictionary

On January 1, 1992, it began work on compiling the Standard Korean Language Dictionary (SKLD). It published the dictionary on October 11, 1999 in three volumes. It published a revised and online version on October 8, 2008.[1]

Korean-Foreign Language Learners' Dictionary

The NIKL maintains a number of online foreign language dictionaries for a variety of languages, including English,[5] Russian, Vietnamese, Arabic, and Indonesian.[6]

Urimalsaem
Main article: Urimalsaem

Urimalsaem (우리말샘) is an online, open source, and collaborative dictionary that users can edit in a manner similar to how Wikipedia operates,[7][8][9] albeit with individual edits reviewed by experts. It was launched on October 5, 2016, with an initial set of 1,109,722 headwords.[10]

Datasets

The NIKL maintains several datasets for use in research, one of which consists of 3,515,010 news articles in Korean from 2009 to 2018.[11] The dataset has been used in a number of papers on natural language processing and machine learning,[11][12] and have even had derivative datasets created based on them.[12] In 2015, shortly before the 2016 Korean Sign Language Act, the NIKL began collecting a dataset for Korean Sign Language called the KSL Corpus Project. In 2022, it announced that it had collected 180 hours of language material from 148 deaf people at five locations, and was continuing to collect more.[8]

History

The NIKL was originally founded at a non-governmental level as the Academy of the Korean Language (국어연구소) on May 1, 1984.[1][2] It was established as a subsidiary of the Korean Ministry of Culture on January 23, 1991 under the name National Academy of the Korean Language (국립국어연구원). It took its original name again on November 11, 2005, and again changed its name to its current form in October 2015.[1][2]

On January 18, 2022, the NIKL announced several new initiatives:[13]

  • It would create a Korean language proficiency diagnosis system that leveraged assistance from artificial intelligence. The NIKL's director stated that "If we can implement an evaluation system worked on by 80 percent humans, and 20 percent with the help of AI, it can further increase efficiency. This makes it possible to conduct writing tests on a larger scale". The test is to be developed over five years, from 2023 to 2027, with a budget of ₩10 billion won ($8.39 million). The test aims to improve domestic writing skills and to be used on college entrance exams.[13]
  • It would make significant revisions to their dictionary, after it found that the 1999 Standard Korean Language Dictionary failed to keep up to major changes during the digital era. This project is expected to last between 2022 and 2026.[13]
  • To meet increasing demand and quality expectations for Korean language teachers outside of the peninsula, it would create a course and certification program for teachers.[13]

See also

References
  1. "History". National Institute of the Korean Language. Retrieved 2023-08-24.
  2. "국립국어원(國立國語院)" [National Institute of the Korean Language]. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Retrieved 2023-08-24.
  3. "연혁". National Institute of the Korean Language (in Korean). Retrieved 2023-08-25.
  4. "국립국어원 한국어교수학습샘터" [Center for Teaching and Learning Korean]. 국립국어원 한국어교수학습샘터. Retrieved 2023-08-24.
  5. "한국어기초사전" [Korean-English Learners' Dictionary]. krdict.korean.go.kr. Retrieved 2023-08-24.
  6. "Collecting national language resources and reinforcing the integrated information service". National Institute of Korean Language. Retrieved 2023-08-24.
  7. "우리말샘" [Urimalsaem]. Retrieved 2023-08-24.
  8. Matsuoka, Kazumi; Crasborn, Onno; Coppola, Marie (2022-12-05). East Asian Sign Linguistics. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. pp. 190–191. ISBN 978-1-5015-1016-8.
  9. Haye-ah, Lee (2016-10-05). "Gov't launches open Korean dictionary online". Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved 2023-08-24.
  10. Nam, Kilim; Lee, Soojin; Jung, Hae-Yun (2020). "The Korean Neologism Investigation Project: Current Status and Key Issues". Dictionaries: Journal of the Dictionary Society of North America. 41 (1): 105–129. doi:10.1353/dic.2020.0007. ISSN 2160-5076.
  11. Lee, Seungpeel; Kim, Jina; Kim, Dongjae; Kim, Ki Joon; Park, Eunil (2023-12-01). "Computational approaches to developing the implicit media bias dataset: Assessing political orientations of nonpolitical news articles". Applied Mathematics and Computation. 458: 128219. doi:10.1016/j.amc.2023.128219. ISSN 0096-3003.
  12. Yoon, Soyoung; Park, Sungjoon; Kim, Gyuwan; Cho, Junhee; Park, Kihyo; Kim, Gyu Tae; Seo, Minjoon; Oh, Alice (July 2023). "Towards standardizing Korean Grammatical Error Correction: Datasets and Annotation". Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). Toronto, Canada: Association for Computational Linguistics: 6713–6742. doi:10.18653/v1/2023.acl-long.371.
  13. Hae-yeon, Kim (2022-01-19). "National language institute to use AI to improve writing assessment". The Korea Herald. Retrieved 2023-08-24.


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