National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad

The National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) is an Indian public health, nutrition and translational research centre located in Hyderabad, India.[1][2] The institute is one of the oldest research centres in India, and the largest centre, under the Indian Council of Medical Research, located in the vicinity of Osmania University. The institute has associated clinical and paediatric nutrition research wards at various hospitals such as the Niloufer Hospital for Women and Children, the Government Maternity Hospital, the Gandhi Medical College and the Osmania General Hospital in Hyderabad.

ICMR - National Institute of Nutrition
Established1918 (Coonoor)
1958 (Hyderabad)
Research typePublic
Budget₹6.43 billion (US$81 million)
Field of research
Nutrition
Micronutrients
DirectorDr. R. Hemalatha
AddressJamai-Osmania
LocationTarnaka, Hyderabad
CampusUrban
AffiliationsK.N.R.U.H.S.
N.T.R.U.H.S.
University of Hyderabad
Osmania University
Operating agency
ICMR
Websitewww.nin.res.in

The National Centre for Laboratory Animal Science (to be integrated into the National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research), the Food and Drug Toxicology Research Centre, the National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau are the other wings of NIN,[3] for India's Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.[4] The institute also derives funding from the Indian Department of Biotechnology. The institute majorly conducts research in obesity,[5][6] diabetes, food chemistry, dietetics, clinical toxicology, and micronutrient deficiency[7][8] in collaboration with centres such as the Rockefeller University, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, and the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in the US,[9][10][11] and the University of Wollongong in Australia.[12][13]

History
Pasteur Institute at Coonoor in 1927
NIN at Hyderabad

The institute was founded in 1918 by Sir Robert McCarrison. It was originally a single room laboratory at the Pasteur Institute, Coonoor, Tamil Nadu for the study of Beriberi, and was called the Beri-Beri Enquiry Unit.[14] McCarrison was invalided to Britain from 1920–1922, and in 1923 the enquiry was axed on financial grounds. It was restored two years later as the Deficiency Disease Inquiry, which McCarrison headed from 1925–1929.[15] The scope of the laboratory expanded to include all deficiency diseases, and around 1928–1929 became the Nutrition Research Laboratories (NRL), with McCarrison as its first director, until his retirement in 1935, when he was succeeded by Dr. W.R. Ackroyd.[14][15][16] The facility moved to Hyderabad in 1958 and in 1969 was renamed the National Institute of Nutrition.[14]

Research
High-throughput sequencing platform – Molecular Biology
Flow cytometry – Immunology
Primate Experimental Medicine & Surgery Unit
National Center for Laboratory Animal Sciences
Microscopy – Biochemistry
Confocal Microscopy – Biochemistry

The institute carries out research and patent development in clinical nutrition, outcomes research, pharmacology,[17] pathology, toxicology, food chemistry,[18] endocrinology,[8] molecular biology,[19] regenerative medicine,[20][21] community nutrition,[22][23] ophthalmology,[24] and sports nutrition.[25][26] Agencies such as WHO and FAO recognised the institute as a Centre for excellence in food quality, safety and nutrition research.[27][28][29][30][31]

The institute is equipped with facilities including animal housing, In vivo imaging, automated electrophoresis, flow cytometry, DNA Microarray, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, atomic absorption spectroscopy, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, scanning electron microscope, confocal laser scanning microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, DNA sequencers, cryogenic equipment, thermal cyclers, etc.[32][33][34]

National Centre for Laboratory Animal Sciences

The National Centre for Laboratory Animal Sciences (NCLAS) was established in India in 1957 for spreading knowledge on Care, Breeding, Management and Experimentation using laboratory animals in biomedical research. It started as a unit called Laboratory Animal Information Service (LAIS) at the Indian Cancer Research Centre, Bombay, in 1957 and this unit was later shifted to National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad in 1976. it was renamed then as Laboratory Animal Information Service Centre (LAISC). In 1998, during the 7th Five Year Plan, additional support came from Department of Biotechnology (DBT) under the Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, which helped the unit to become the NCLAS. On 5 January 2016, the NCLAS is merged with NARF-BR and the former Unit becomes the NIN-animal facility.[35] The scientists of NCLAS Developed obese and diabetic mutant rat models: WNIN/GR-Ob, WNIN/Ob, WNIN/Ob-IGT, to serve as pre-clinical animal models in drug development for chronic diseases like Obesity and Diabetes. Established a state of the art non-human primate facility with provision for experiments based on monkeys.[33][34] NCLAS also came into the limelight due to the WNIN/Ob obese rat strain which is the heaviest inbred rat model available.[5] It has been reported to reach up to 1.47 kg in body weight[36] and shows various signs of increased DNA damage and significantly decreased lifespan.[6]

NIN and FSSAI

The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) largely sources science-based knowledge and information for formulating the food regulations in the country. Many scientists of NIN are a part of various committee, panels and scientific groups that guide the FSSAI. The director is the co-chair of the three member panel that is looking into upcoming the front-of-pack labelling regulations.[37] The FSSAI is responsible for protecting and promoting public health through the regulation and supervision of food safety.[37] The FSSAI has been established under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 which is a consolidating statute related to food safety and regulation in India.[37]

Education

NIN offers advanced education courses and MS-MD-PhD program(s) for nutrition, biochemistry, dietetics and laboratory animal sciences. The Centre is recognised by Dr. N.T.R. University of Health Sciences and Kaloji Narayana Rao University of Health Sciences for pursuing post graduation in Applied Nutrition. Recently NIN has started awarding Research Fellowships to the toppers in the MSc course to pursue PhD in the institution. The institute is well recognised by Osmania University, University of Hyderabad, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, for pursuing PhD in various streams of Life Sciences especially Biochemistry and Nutrition. The institute has trained over 1600 health professionals from more than 35 countries. More than 150 candidates have successfully obtained PhD and MD degrees from NIN.

Achievements
  • Assessed dietary intake of individuals, house holds and nutritional profiles of different communities through periodic surveys of NNMB in 10 states.
  • Suggested strategies to identify high risk pregnancies in rural areas of India. These were included in the National Reproductive and Child Health Program.
  • Demonstrated TheraCyte Pancreatic Islet Transplantation technology in Primates and Rodents.
  • Commercially delivered double fortified Salt – Tata Salt Plus, priced at an economical rate of ₹20 (25¢ US) per kg, is an iodine plus iron fortified salt, developed by double fortification technology. This technology was offered to Tata Chemicals under a long-term MoU after due studies on bio-availability across the population strata conducted and published by NIN.[38]
  • Exploded the protein myth and highlighted calorie gap as the major bottleneck for healthy growth of children.
  • Developed simple and sensitive biochemical indicators for assessment of vitamin nutritive and pathogenic mechanisms of various nutritional deficiency syndromes.
  • Established growth norms for Indian children.
  • Emphasized the importance of growth monitoring for early diagnosis and appropriate management of protein energy malnutrition.
  • Generated database on nutritive values of over 650 Indian foods, which is used by various national organisations, planners and academic research institutions
  • Formulated Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for Indians.
  • Developed food based Dietary Guidelines for Indians.
  • Developed National Nutrition Surveillance system (NSS-Triple A cycle of Assessment, Analysis and Action) to serve as an early warning system about nutrition problems.

See also

References
  1. Bhargava, Pushpa M (12 November 2011). "Could they buy salt and spices, fuel and milk, and pay rent... with Rs. 2.33 a day?". The Hindu. Chennai, India.
  2. "International Conference on Translational Research" (PDF). Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  3. About ICMR, Indian Council of Medical Research, retrieved 15 August 2010 ICMR's Institutes/Centres Archived 7 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine (scroll down page to find NIN)
  4. Special Correspondent (11 October 2012). "NATIONAL / ANDHRA PRADESH : Governor for review of PDS". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
  5. K. S. Jayaraman (2005). "'Sumo' rats set researchers on hunt for obesity genes". Nature Medicine. 11 (2): 108. doi:10.1038/nm0205-108a. PMID 15692582. S2CID 5424331.
  6. Sinha, Jitendra Kumar; Ghosh, Shampa; Swain, Umakanta; Giridharan, Nappan Veethil; Raghunath, Manchala (2014). "Increased macromolecular damage due to oxidative stress in the neocortex and hippocampus of WNIN/Ob, a novel rat model of premature aging". Neuroscience. 269: 256–264. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.03.040. PMID 24709042. S2CID 9934178.
  7. Venu, L; Harishankar, N; Krishna, T. P.; Raghunath, M (2004). "Does maternal dietary mineral restriction per se predispose the offspring to insulin resistance?". European Journal of Endocrinology. 151 (2): 287–94. doi:10.1530/eje.0.1510287. PMID 15296486.
  8. Ghosh S, Sinha JK, Putcha UK, Raghunath M (2016). "Severe but Not Moderate Vitamin B12 Deficiency Impairs Lipid Profile, Induces Adiposity, and Leads to Adverse Gestational Outcome in Female C57BL/6 Mice". Frontiers in Nutrition. 3 (1): 1–10. doi:10.3389/fnut.2016.00001. PMC 4722109. PMID 26835453.
  9. Fernandez-Rao, Sylvia; Hurley, Kristen M.; Nair, Krishnapillai Madhavan; Balakrishna, Nagalla; Radhakrishna, Kankipati V.; Ravinder, Punjal; Tilton, Nicholas; Harding, Kimberly B.; Reinhart, Greg A.; Black, Maureen M. (2014). "Integrating nutrition and early child-development interventions among infants and pre-schoolers in rural India". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1308 (1): 218–231. Bibcode:2014NYASA1308..218F. doi:10.1111/nyas.12278. PMID 24673168.
  10. "National conference on nutrition security at NIN, Hyderabad – The Times of India". The Times of India.
  11. "Mice to reveal key to human obesity". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2013.
  12. "Australia-India food research partnerships on the menu – News & Media @ UOW". Media.uow.edu.au. 27 March 2008. Retrieved 1 September 2012. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  13. "Director in charge of NIN". The Hindu. 31 August 2012. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
  14. Down the memory lane, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India, retrieved 12 August 2010
  15. Arnold, David (2000), Science, technology, and medicine in Colonial India, The New Cambridge History of India. Part III, Volume 5, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 201, 215, ISBN 978-0-521-56319-2, retrieved 12 August 2010
  16. NIN origins (28 May 1960), "Obituary: Sir ROBERT McCARRISON, C.I.E., M.D., D.Sc. L.L.D., F.R.C.P", British Medical Journal, 1 (5186): 1663–1664, doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5186.1663, PMC 1967996, PMID 13856887, retrieved 10 August 2010
  17. "Pyridoxal 5' phosphate protects islets against streptozotocin-induced beta-cell dysfunction – in vitro and in vivo". Ebm.rsmjournals.com. 4 April 2011. Retrieved 30 August 2012. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  18. T. Longvah; Y.G. Deosthale; P. Uday Kumar (2000). "Nutritional and short term toxicological evaluation of Perilla seed oil". Food Chemistry. 70: 13–16. doi:10.1016/S0308-8146(99)00263-0.
  19. Dutta, R. C. (24 May 2012). "In search of optimal scaffold for regenerative medicine and therapeutic delivery". Ther Deliv. 2 (2): 231–4. doi:10.4155/tde.10.100. PMID 22833949.
  20. Rajarathna (2010). "advancements in stem cell research: an Indian perspective-II | T". Annals of Neurosciences. 17 (3): 110–112. doi:10.5214/ans.0972-7531.1017303. PMC 4116989. PMID 25205885. Retrieved 30 August 2012.
  21. Tissue and Cell, v.43, no.4, 2011 August, p.266(5) (ISSN 0040-8166)
  22. "Hyderabad to host national meet on diet". The Times of India. 11 April 2012. Archived from the original on 16 October 2013.
  23. "Landes Bioscience Journals: Islets". Landesbioscience.com. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  24. "A novel mutation (F71L) in αA-Crystallin with defective chaperone-like function associated with age-related cataract". Retrieved 1 September 2012. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  25. "Nutrition and Hydration guidelines for excellence in sports" (PDF). Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  26. "Nagaland News | Current News | Latest News | Breaking News – India: Olympic Medals?". The Morung Express. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  27. "NIN introduces indigenous developed cost effective pathogen detection kit". Pharmabiz.com. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  28. "NIN bags 'City Strategist' award". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 26 April 2010. Archived from the original on 1 May 2010.
  29. "National Institute of Nutrition develops food contamination detection kits". The Times of India. 27 April 2012. Archived from the original on 4 January 2013. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  30. "Leadership in Nutrition" (PDF). Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  31. Patent file No.IPD/PA/96022/97 Microbiological Identification kit.
  32. "National Institute of Nutrition Hyderabad". Icmr.nic.in. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  33. "Annual Report 2007–2008" (PDF). Indian Council of Medical Research. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  34. "Analysis of Reproductive Health, ICMR" (PDF). Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  35. NARF-BR, ICMR. "NCLAS". NARF-BR. Retrieved 3 October 2019.
  36. Sinha, Jitendra Kumar; Giridharan, Nappan Veethil; Raghunath, Manchala (2012). "Can systemic and central IGF1 and BDNF levels play a role in decreasing the longevity of WNIN obese mutant rats?". International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience. 30 (8): 648–49. doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2012.03.253. S2CID 221849429.
  37. "About FSSAI > Introduction". Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
  38. "Tata group – Tata Chemicals – Media releases – India's first iodine plus iron fortified salt launched by Tata Chemicals". tata.com. Archived from the original on 6 February 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
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