National Radical Camp (1993)

The National Radical Camp (Polish: Obóz Narodowo-Radykalny; ONR) is a radical right-wing and nationalist Polish political organisation following in its activities the organization of the same name that existed before the Second World War in Poland.

National Radical Camp
AbbreviationONR
LeaderAdrian Kaczmarkiewicz
SecretaryAdrianna Gąsiorek
Founded1993
HeadquartersOgrodowa 4/10
42-200 Częstochowa
Ideology • Polish ultranationalism
 • Neo-fascism
 • Anti-globalization
 • Hard Euroscepticism
 • National radicalism
 • Anti-communism
 • Anti-LGBT[1]
 • Anti-immigration
Political positionFar-right
ReligionRoman Catholicism
Colours  Green   White
Party flag
Website
https://www.onr.com.pl/

The current incarnation revived in 1993 is a far-right movement in Poland much like its historical predecessors.[2] It has often been described as fascist and sometimes as neo-Nazi.[3][4] As of 2012 it is registered as a common-interest association.[5]

The ONR considers itself an ideological descendant of the 1930s-era National Radical Camp, an ultranationalist, patriotic, and antisemitic political movement which existed in the pre-World War II Second Polish Republic,[6] an illegal Polish anti-communist,[7] and nationalist political party formed on 14 April 1934 mostly by the youth radicals who left the National Party of the National Democracy movement.[7]

Ideology

The modern National Radical Camp, like its predecessors, is fascist.[8][9] The United Nations Committee for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination considers the organization a fascist group promoting racial and national hatred and has called on Poland to de-legalize it by enforcing its constitutional ban on such groups.[10][11] In 2021, Poland’s Supreme Court ruled that the National Radical Camp could be called fascist. [12]

The party flag of the organization was included in the police handbook as an explicitly racist symbol and has made usage of the Celtic Cross, an old symbol appropriated by neo-Nazis.[13] The Interior Ministry subsequently pulled the book from circulation after a complaint from MP Adam Andruszkiewicz.[13]

In 2015, an ONR demonstration ended with the burning of an effigy of an ultra-Orthodox Jew.[14] Proceedings were opened for violating laws against "insulting people based on religion, ethnicity, race or nationality".[15]

In 2019, the Lublin-Południe District Prosecutor's Office opened proceedings against ONR for "public propagation of a totalitarian regime" after they published a Tweet celebrating Belgian fascist and SS officer Léon Degrelle.[16]

Marches
ONR march in Kraków, July 2007. The banner carries the inscription "Niesiemy Polsce Odrodzenie My Nowe Pokolenie" ("We, the new generation, bring rebirth to Poland").

Myślenice rallies

ONR attracted publicity in 2005, 2007, 2008 and 2009 for unauthorized marches during the anniversary of the anti-Jewish riot in Myślenice in 1936.[17][18][19] In 2005 the group had a couple of hundred members.[20]

An illegal rally held on June 30, 2007 resulted in a court case, in which the ONR leader, Wojciech Mazurkiewicz, was acquitted only because the magistrate warning was issued too late, according to the presiding judge.[21] The 2008 rally led by the same ONR leader was taped by police with the intention of sharing the video with the local prosecutors office according to Lesser Poland Police.[17][22]

ONR members at a 2008 rally in Myślenice made a Roman salute before disbanding. When questioned by reporters at the scene, the ONR leader claimed it is different from the Nazi salute.[23]

Independence Day marches
ONR flags carried during the Independence March in 2022.

The association has also been known as initiators of marches during the National Independence Day of Poland. One of them (in Warsaw), as a co-initiative of several different nationalist movements in 2010, evolved in 2012 into one of the biggest events during the day, which now attracts a more diverse community.[24] Since 2012, it has been organized by a registered association which was founded and is co-chaired by ONR.[25][26]

On 11 November 2017, 60,000 people marched in an Independence Day celebration procession co-organized by the ONR along with the All-Polish Youth.[27][28] People from the group "Black Block", which consisted of associations "Niklot" and "Szturmowcy", carried banners that read "White Europe", "Europe Will Be White" and "Clean Blood, Sober mind - sXe.[29][30] There were also others who were chanting "Death to enemies of the homeland" and "Catholic Poland, not secular".[30] Foreign guests included self-identified Italian fascist Roberto Fiore, Slovak neo-Nazi MP Milan Mazurek, and several members of Hungary's far-right Jobbik party.[31] American white supremacist Richard Spencer planned to speak at the march, but was banned from doing so,[32] with the Ministry announcing in a later statement that Spencer's views were "in conflict with the legal order of Poland".[33] The march was cited in a European Parliament resolution that called for member states to act decisively against far-right extremism.[34] [35]

For the march in 2018, the Italian neo-fascist party Forza Nuova was invited.[36][37] Far-right activists and groups from Hungary, Estonia, Belarus, Spain, Italy, the Netherlands, USA and Portugal joined the event in 2021 and formed the “Nationalistic Column” with Polish far-right organizations and movements, including but not limited to: “Trzecia Droga”, “Szturmowcy”, Autonomiczni Nacjonaliści, All-Polish Youth, National Rebirth of Poland (NOP) and the ONR.[38][39]

References
  1. "LGBT".
  2. Gera, Vanessa (10 November 2017). "Polish far-right march goes global, drawing people from afar". AP News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 13 November 2017. Retrieved 12 November 2017.
  3. "ROP: in the Myślenice the ONR propagated fascism". Wirtualna Polska (in Polish). Polish Press Agency. 23 June 2008. Retrieved 12 November 2017.
  4. Dryjańska, Anna (7 May 2017). "Between fascism and Nazism. We are analyzing the ONR point-to-point statement with the extreme right-wing researcher". NaTemat.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 12 November 2017.
  5. "Association of the National Radical Camp" (in Polish). National Court Register. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  6. Christian Davies (November 11, 2018). "Poland's president addresses far right at independence march". Guardian.
  7. (in Polish) Obóz Narodowo-Radykalny Archived 30 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine WIEM Encyklopedia
  8. "ROP: in the Myślenice the ONR propagated fascism". Wirtualna Polska (in Polish). Polish Press Agency. 23 June 2008. Retrieved 12 November 2017.
  9. Dryjańska, Anna (7 May 2017). "Between fascism and Nazism. We are analyzing the ONR point-to-point statement with the extreme right-wing researcher". NaTemat.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 12 November 2017.
  10. "Komitet ONZ apeluje o delegalizację m.in. Młodzieży Wszechpolskiej i ONR-u. "Promują nienawiść" [UN Committee calls for the banning of, inter alia, All-Polish Youth and ONR. "They promote hatred"]". gazeta.pl (in Polish). 2019-09-18. Retrieved 2019-09-20.
  11. S.A, Telewizja Polska. "UN Committee calls on Poland to delegalise radical right groups". polandin.com. Retrieved 2019-09-20.
  12. Daniel, Tilles (28 February 2021). "Far-right group can be called "fascist", rules Poland's Supreme Court". Notes from Poland.
  13. (www.dw.com), Deutsche Welle. "Poland: Racism on the rise | Europe | DW.COM | 17.12.2016". DW.COM. Retrieved 2017-04-30.
  14. Sokol, Sam (2015-11-19). "Jew burned in effigy by Polish anti-migrant demonstrators". www.jpost.com. Retrieved 2019-11-22.
  15. Keating, Joshua (2015-11-20). "Anti-Refugee Polish Nationalists Didn't Get the Message That They're Not Supposed to Hate Jews Anymore". Slate Magazine. Retrieved 2019-11-22.
  16. "ONR upamiętnił urodziny belgijskiego oficera SS. Prokuratura wszczęła śledztwo". Onet Lublin (in Polish). 2019-06-26. Retrieved 2019-07-20.
  17. Bartłomiej Kuraś, Bezkarne gesty ONR-u w Myślenicach Source: Gazeta Wyborcza Kraków. Retrieved January 23, 2013.
  18. "Zeitschrift OSTEUROPA | Fiddler as a Fig Leaf". www.zeitschrift-osteuropa.de. Retrieved 2018-02-26.
  19. "ONR po raz czwarty". Miasto-info.pl - Myślenice oczami mieszkańców. Retrieved 2018-05-07.
  20. "Poland 2005". The Stephen Roth Institute for the Study of Contemporary Antisemitism and Racism. Tel Aviv, Israel: Stephen Roth Institute, Tel Aviv University. 2005. Archived from the original on 2 May 2008.
  21. Bartłomiej Kuraś (2008-05-28). "Myślenice: wyrok po myśli ONR-u" (in Polish). Gazeta Wyborcza Kraków. Retrieved January 25, 2013.
  22. (in Polish) Official pages of Gmina Myślenice: Historia miasta. Retrieved from Wayback Machine archive, January 24, 2013.
  23. PAP (2008-06-21), Faszystowskie gesty w Myślenicach. Archived 16 April 2013 at archive.today Dziennik.pl Kraj. Retrieved January 25, 2013.
  24. "Transmisja Marszu Niepodległości (Video coverage of the event by a Catholic publisher)". Radiomaryja.pl (in Polish). Radio Maryja. 12 November 2014.
  25. "Historia Marszu Niepodległości (The history of The Independence March)". Official site of the March of the Independence (in Polish). Retrieved November 14, 2014.
  26. "Stowarzyszenie Marsz Niepodległości (The Association [of] The Independence March)". National Court Register (in Polish). Retrieved November 14, 2014.
  27. "White nationalists call for ethnic purity at Polish demonstration". POLITICO. 2017-11-12. Retrieved 2017-11-12.
  28. "60,000 join far-right march on Poland's Independence Day". CBC News. Associated Press. 11 November 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
  29. Hinshaw, Drew (11 November 2017). "Polish Nationalist Youth March Draws Thousands in Capital". The Wall Street Journal. Warsaw. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
  30. Day, Matthew (12 November 2017). "Nationalist protesters disrupt Poland independence day events". Warsaw: CNN. Retrieved 12 November 2017.
  31. Charnysh, Volha (2018-01-19). "The Rise of Poland's Far Right". Foreign Affairs. ISSN 0015-7120. Retrieved 2019-11-18.
  32. "Poland nationalist rally with neo-Nazi slogans, calls for 'Islamic holocaust' draws biggest crowd ever". Newsweek. 2017-11-12. Retrieved 2017-11-12.
  33. "Poland to white nationalist Richard Spencer: keep out". The Guardian. Associated Press. 27 October 2017. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
  34. "Polish reputation at stake over banned neo-Nazi march". EUobserver. 8 November 2018. Retrieved 2019-11-22.
  35. "Ban overturned on Polish independence march by nationalists". BBC News. 8 November 2018.
  36. Davies, Christian (2018-11-11). "Poland's president addresses far right at independence march". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2019-11-22.
  37. Bill, Stanley (9 November 2019). "Nationalism or patriotism? Poland's March of Independence".
  38. Sepioło, Mariusz (17 December 2021). "Nazizm pod flagą biało-czerwoną". frontstory.pl.
  39. "Marsz Niepodległości 2021: Nacjonalistyczna kolumna". ONR - Obóz Narodowo-Radykalny. 12 November 2021.
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