Nelson E. Edwards

Nelson Elisha Edwards (November 25, 1887 – October 17, 1954) was one of the first newsreel cameraman in American film history. From 1914 he filmed for Hearst’s International News Service. Edwards filmed the Turkish and German side of World War I.[1]

Nelson E. Edwards
Nelson Edwards filming Franz von Hipper, 1916.
Born(1887-11-25)November 25, 1887
Point Pleasant, West Virginia
DiedOctober 17, 1954(1954-10-17) (aged 66)
Reisterstown, Maryland

Nelson Elisha Edwards was born in Point Pleasant, West Virginia, on November 25, 1887. The Edwards family moved to Kansas by covered wagon when Nelson was only six months old. Nelson left the family farm in 1908 to learn photography in Kansas City. From New Orleans, he moved to New York City where in 1912 he was working as a press photographer for the Hearst newspapers. His first major film assignment was in 1914 when Edwards covered the Mexican war. In December 1915, he sailed with Henry Ford’s Peace Ship to Europe and filmed inside the Ottoman Empire and on the Western Front with the German army. While in Germany, Edwards covered the aftermath of the Battle of Jutland and filmed the German Navy in Wilhemshaven as well as the German Naval High Command.

On his return to America, Edwards joined the army in December 1917. He was chief cameraman for Fox News in 1919. From 1923, he started his own photographic agency in Baltimore, combining freelance photography with newsreel work. Edwards covered the early transatlantic flights, as well as Charles Lindbergh’s return from Paris in 1935. He was a member of the White House Press Photographers Association and covered every inauguration from President Theodore Roosevelt to Harry Truman.

Nelson Edwards died near Reisterstown, Maryland, on October 17, 1954, and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

Film work

Edward’s work as a still photographer and newsreel cameraman covers almost half a century. A tall, muscular man with prominent cheekbones and thick black hair, Nelson Edwards was among the first pioneering newsreel cameramen in the United States. He also never threw anything away, which accounts for many personal papers and scrapbooks that are still in the family collection, containing much inside information on the early days of American newsreels.

While preparing their book American Cinematographers in the Great War, film historians Cooper C. Graham and Ron van Dopperen researched Edwards’ life and work, based on these personal family documents, as well as files at the German archives.[2]

In 2012, a detailed military report on Edwards’ film work at the Western Front was discovered by the authors in the Federal Archives in Berlin.[2]

In February 2016, while doing research at the Military Archives in Freiburg, Germany, the authors found a list of movie scenes shot by Edwards, showing the German Navy and close ups of Admirals Reinhard Scheer and Franz von Hipper. The historical footage was taken in June 1916, shortly after the battle of Jutland. Segments from this film report were also retrieved by the authors in the Grinberg Film Collection. The intertitle introducing the scene showing Admiral Scheer boarding his flag ship - a very short flash on film - has a reference to the Hearst International News Pictorial, the newsreel Edwards worked for, and ample evidence that he actually shot these historical scenes.[3]

Research by the authors in 2018 also produced newsreel footage from the German Messter film studio, that was probably shot by Edwards, showing a visit by Field Marshal Von Mackensen to Turkey in 1916.[4]

Sources
  • Kevin Brownlow,The War, the West and the Wilderness (New York/London, 1979)
  • Graham, Cooper C.; van Dopperen, Ron (2012). "Nelson Edwards and the Newsreels: An American Life". Film History. 24 (3): 260–280. doi:10.2979/filmhistory.24.3.260. S2CID 191563252. Project MUSE 485877.
  • James W. Castellan, Ron van Dopperen, Cooper C. Graham, American Cinematographers in the Great War, 1914-1918 (New Barnet, 2014) https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctt1bmzn8c
  • First World War on Film - Weblog on the American Films and Cinematographers of World War I, 2013-2018
  • "German Naval High Command after the Battle of Jutland", shot by Nelson E. Edwards (newsreel footage from Hearst-International News Pictorial, 1916)
  • Movie Trailer "American Cinematographers in the Great War, 1914-1918"

References
  1. Graham, Cooper C.; van Dopperen, Ron (2012). "Nelson Edwards and the Newsreels: An American Life". Film History. 24 (3): 260–280. doi:10.2979/filmhistory.24.3.260. S2CID 191563252. Project MUSE 485877.
  2. Castellan, James W.; van Dopperen, Ron; Graham, Cooper C. (2014). American Cinematographers in the Great War, 1914-1918. Indiana University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctt1bmzn8c. ISBN 978-0-86196-717-9. JSTOR j.ctt1bmzn8c.
  3. Dopperen, Ron Van (10 October 2016). "First World War on Film: Lost & Found: The German Navy Filmed by Nelson E. Edwards, 1916". First World War on Film. Retrieved 2021-10-17.
  4. Dopperen, Ron Van (3 January 2018). "First World War on Film: Filming Field Marshal von Mackensen". First World War on Film. Retrieved 2021-10-17.


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