New Ecological and Social People's Union

The New Ecological and Social People's Union[2][3] (French: Nouvelle Union populaire écologique et sociale, NUPES[lower-alpha 1]) is a left-wing electoral alliance of political parties in France.[4][5] Formed on May Day 2022, the alliance includes La France Insoumise (LFI), the Socialist Party (PS), the French Communist Party (PCF), Europe Ecology – The Greens (EELV), Ensemble! (E!), and Génération.s (G.s), and their respective smaller partners.[6][7] It was the first wide left-wing political alliance since the Plural Left in the 1997 French legislative election.[8] Over 70 dissident candidates who refused the accord still ran.[9]

New Ecological and Social People's Union
Nouvelle Union populaire écologique et sociale
AbbreviationNUPES
LeaderCollective leadership
FounderJean-Luc Mélenchon
Founded1 May 2022 (2022-05-01)
Political positionLeft-wing[1]
Members
Colours  Purple   Pink   Green   Yellow   Red
Senate
87 / 348
National Assembly
151 / 577
European Parliament
18 / 79
Website
nupes-2022.fr

Per a press release,[10] the union's founding goal for the 2022 French legislative election was to deny Emmanuel Macron's Ensemble Citoyens on the centre-right a presidential majority in the National Assembly,[1][11][12] and to also defeat the French far-right.[13] EELV and LFI signed an agreement that had the alliance won a majority of seats, they would have put forward Mélenchon as prime minister of France for a cohabitation.[14][15][16] NUPES won the most seats outside of Ensemble, denying Macron a majority; at the same time, they underperformed expectations, only winning about 22% of the seats and 26% of the popular vote, while the far-right National Rally obtained its best result ever and became the largest parliamentary opposition group, due to NUPES being an electoral alliance.[17]

In October 2023, the coalition's future was put in doubt when the Socialist Party voted a "moratorium" on its participation to the NUPES alliance following LFI leadership's refusal to qualify Hamas as a terrorist organization in the context of the 2023 Israel–Hamas war.[18]

History

Formation

In October 2021, shortly before the 2022 French presidential election, Jean-Luc Mélenchon, the initiator of the coalition,[6][7] launched the People's Union.[19] In December 2021, he announced the creation of a Parliament of the People's Union, which aimed to bring together personalities from outside La France Insoumise (LFI) in order to support its candidacy.[20]

In the context of the 2022 French legislative election, LFI, the largest left-wing force in the presidential election, sought to unite the main left-wing parties around the banner of the New People's Ecological and Social Union.[21] Discussions were held with the Europe Ecology – The Greens (EELV) and the French Communist Party (PCF), which joined the coalition on 2–3 May 2022, respectively, while the Socialist Party (PS), after having reached an agreement to join the coalition on 4 May, voted to do so in its National Council on 5 May.[22][23] After that, the New Anticapitalist Party (NPA) announced it would not enter the coalition due to insurmountable ideological differences with the PS;[24][25][26] it also said it would support the coalition's candidates that belonged to the radical left-wing.[27] The Republican and Socialist Left (GRS) said it would negotiate its entry into the union.[28][29]

Two groupings of smaller left-wing parties reached out to the coalition seeking to start negotiations: the Federation of the Republican Left, composed of GRS along with the Citizen and Republican Movement, Engagement, Left Radicals, and the New Socialist Left, and the Social and Ecologist Rally, composed of Allons Enfants, Democratic and Social Left, Liberté Ecologie Fraternité, New Deal, and Together on Our Territories.[30][31] Failing to do so, the GRS and its allies announced its intention to run 100 candidates.[32] On 20 May, New Deal announced that it was withdrawing its candidates and endorsing NUPES candidates around the country.[33]

Expansion

With the aim of a coalition agreement, EELV proposed changing the name People's Union to Popular and Ecologist Union, or People's Ecologist and Social Front.[34] Shortly before 2 May, an agreement was concluded with EELV, under the common banner of the New Ecological and Social People's Union.[35] The agreement provided for 100 constituencies out of 577 for the environmental bloc. EELV wanted the centers of the cities won in the 2020 French municipal elections. It obtained Bordeaux, Strasbourg, and Lyon, as well as the 3rd, 5th, 8th, and 9th constituencies of Paris.[36] On 3 May, the PCF announced that it would join the coalition.[37] In its press release, the party said it would want to form a majority with its allies and that the PCF and LFI share "common pragmatic objectives".[38]

The PS initially ruled out talks with LFI, before joining the talks on 27 April; the talks were again suspended on 29 April.[39][40] The PS leader Olivier Faure negotiated with LFI in its headquarters on 2 May.[39] A day later, Manuel Bompard, the negotiator for LFI, said that negotiations between the parties had been "difficult on merits and on the constituencies".[41] On 4 May, the PS came to an agreement in principle with the coalition,[42][43] subject to a vote by the party's national council the next day.[44][45][46] The national council ratified the agreement on 5 May.[22][23][47] After the PS was admitted, the NPA announced that it would not formally join the coalition but said it would support more radical left-wing NUPES candidates.[27]

2022 French legislative election

In the first round of the 2022 French legislative election, NUPES finished either second (per the Ministry of the Interior) or first (per Le Monde), slightly behind or ahead of Ensemble (25.75%–25.66% per the Ministry of the Interior and 26.1%–25.9% per Le Monde).[48] This was because some NUPES candidates had not had their affiliation registered by the Ministry of Interior,[49] which French media took in consideration.[50] Four LFI candidates were elected in the first round, the most of any party or coalition, and 386 NUPES candidates qualified for the second round;[51][52][53] of the over 70 dissident candidates, 15 qualified for the second round.[9]

After the second round, NUPES was forecast to win 149 seats,[54] resulting in a hung parliament and the loss of an absolute majority for Macron's Ensemble.[55] As NUPES was only an electoral agreement and each party is expected to form its own parliamentary group, it did not become the largest parliamentary opposition group.[56] As with the first round, several news outlets, such as Le Monde, gave a different result as to the final seat count, with NUPES on 142 rather than 131 due to differences as to candidates, particularly in the French overseas constituencies, being classified as members of these alliances or not.[57]

Electoral results and aftermath

Depending on the method of calculation, NUPES won either 131 seats (according to the Ministry of the Interior) or 142 (according to Le Monde),[lower-alpha 2] enough to deny Macron's Ensemble Citoyens coalition a parliamentary majority and to form the formal opposition in Parliament. The coalition performed worse than most polls between the first and second round indicated, and the far-right National Rally (RN) gained 89 seats, its best result ever.[17]

Fabien Roussel, leader of the PCF, said of the results: "[NUPES] didn't allow us to have a majority, and it didn't prevent the far right from making strong progress either, and that calls out to me, that questions me ... I can see that the alliance only speaks to part of France, to that of the big cities, and not to that of rurality." He also praised the alliance for having led the French Left to win far more seats than in the 2017 French legislative election.[58]

The day after the election, LFI's Jean-Luc Mélenchon said the results were "disappointing" and called for a united NUPES parliamentary group, as no individual party in NUPES exceeded the 89 seats won by the RN, and official opposition could fall to the RN if NUPES was unable to form a larger parliamentary group.[59] The leaders of EELV, PCF, and PS announced that they were opposed to a unified group in parliament.[60] Mélenchon said that he would not take part in talks with Macron for government, while leaders of two NUPES parties, the PS leader Olivier Faure and the PCF's Roussel, stated that they would do so.[61] LFI requested a vote of no confidence to be held on 5 July,[62] but did not pass with only NUPES voting for it.[63]

Despite the formation of separate groups in the National Assembly, NUPES voted as a bloc to elect Éric Coquerel of LFI President of the Finance Committee, defeating candidates from RN and The Republicans. The post of President of the Finance Committee traditionally goes to the largest opposition group in parliament.[64][65]

Quatennens Affair

In September 2022, French newspaper Le Canard enchaîné published an article revealing that Adrien Quatennens, national co-ordinator of LFI and MP had been accused of domestic violence by his wife.[66] Following this revelation, an investigation was opened by the Lille police.[67] In a press release Quatennens admitted to having slapped his wife once, before backtracking and describing a multitude of events of "extreme mutual tension" that led to him grabbing her wrist, elbowing her or sending excessive amounts of text messages. Following these revelations, he resigned from his post as LFI co-ordinator but remained an MP.[68] On the 26th of September, Quatennens' wife officially pressed charges.[69] This caused large amounts of tension within the NUPES with a lot of criticism being directed towards LFI, particularly because other sexual misconduct allegations had been directed towards Éric Coquerel and Taha Bouhafs earlier in the year, with the latter not even being able to stand in the legislative election.[70][71]

Many within the NUPES perceived LFI's inability to deal with the Quatennens Affair as a political fault, notably EELV MP Sandrine Rousseau. Furthermore, political analysts and commentators saw LFI's decision to maintain Quatennens as an MP as the movement turning its back on militants and younger generations.[72] An open letter published in Le Monde in December 2022, and signed by over one thousand militants and LFI supporters demanded the resignation of Quatennens and his withdrawal from politics.[73]

After pleading guilty to the charges against him,[74] Quatennens was convicted to four months of prison with surcharge and a 2000 euro fine.[75] Following this, he was excluded from the LFI-NUPES parliamentary group and sat as a non-inscrit until his reintegration into the group in April 2023, with the decision to welcome him back into the group sparking debate throughout both the NUPES and the LFI group itself.[76]

Bayou Affair

Simultaneously, alongside the Quattennens Affair, a similar case erupted involving EELV national secretary Julien Bayou. In July 2022, it was reported to the EELV internal cell for violence and sexual harassment that Bayou had been carrying out behaviour of "psychological violence and harassment" towards women in his entourage.[77] On the 20th of September, in the midst of the Quatennens Affair, Bayou resigned from his post as co-president of the EELV parliamentary group and from his position as EELV national secretary.[78] According to French magazine Marianne, this came as a result of internal pressure from prominent EELV member Sandrine Rousseau.[79]

Following Bayou's resignation, he has stayed relatively quiet in the media, though he remains an MP and continues to sit with the EELV parliamentary group at the National Assembly. Following the 2022 EELV party congress, Marine Tondelier was elected national secretary with 90.8% of votes.[80]

Many journalists and political commentators see the large of number of allegations directed towards NUPES members as discrediting the political union.[81]

Tensions with the Communist Party

As early as September 2022, tensions began to arise between the NUPES and Communist Party national secretary Fabien Roussel,[82] with many left-wing commentators seeing Roussel as too "right-wing" with some newspapers calling him "the right's favourite communist."[83] Further tensions arose in 2023 after Roussel called French Minister of the Interior Gérald Darmanin a friend and stated that they have "known [each other] for a long time."[84] This came after weeks of extreme violence between protestors and police in the wake of the 2023 pension reform.[85]

More tensions arose in April 2023 after Roussel called the NUPES a "surpassed" electoral coalition that "had failed." He also expressed his desires to extend the coalition notably to former Socialist Prime Minister Bernard Cazeneuve, an ardent critic of the NUPES.[86] This led to disagreements within the Communist Party, notably with MPs Sébastien Jumel and Pierre Dharréville.[87] These statements were also met with criticism from LFI who issued a press-statement directed at Roussel. During a speech at the 2023 Communist Party congress, where we re-elected with 80.4% of votes,[88] Roussel replied to LFI and the NUPES saying "I say it clearly and in fraternity, mind your own business!"[89]

Socialist Infighting and Election of Martine Froger

In January 2023, the Socialist Party held its 80th congress in Marseille. Olivier Faure, incumbent first secretary was re-elected with 51.09% of the vote.[90] Nonetheless, both Faure and challenger, Rouen mayor Nicolas Mayer-Rossignol would each claim that their motion had won,[91] making it unclear who the true winner was for a couple of days. In the end, a collective leadership agreement was agreed upon and Mayer-Rossignol was appointed delegate national secretary.[92]

A soft critic of the NUPES, Mayer-Rossignol's race for national secretary was supported by a number of the party's "elephants" notably Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo, anti-NUPES figure Carole Delga[93] and former President François Hollande.[94]

On the 27 January 2023, the Constitutional Council of France ruled the re-election of LFI MP Bénédicte Taurine as unconstitutional as a result of contentious ballots from the RN candidate, triggering a by-election.[95] Despite the national direction of the Socialist Party offering their support to Taurine, the local federation alongside the Radical Party of the Left chose to support dissident Socialist candidate Martine Froger.[96] Both candidates made it to the second round of voting, and Froger benefited from the support of the Renaissance and RN candidates who called to "make barrage" against Taurine. Furthermore, former Socialist Prime Minister Bernard Cazeneuve joined Froger in the constituency, offering her his support.[97] Froger was elected with 60.2% of the vote and was congratulated in person by Mayer-Rossignol and Carol Delga, against the wishes of both the NUPES and the Socialist Party direction.[98] To date no sanctions have been taken against Mayer-Rossignol and other members of the Socialist Party.

Once elected, Froger caused further tension within the NUPES with the question of her seating in the Socialist Parliamentary Group posing problem for some, with many not seeing it fit that she sit within the NUPES intergroup. Some suggested that she seat with the centrist LIOT group alongside other dissident socialists.[99]

Members

The initial agreement, struck on 1 May 2022, brought together La France Insoumise and its allies together with a grouping of ecologist parties,[100][101] including Europe Ecology – The Greens, Ecology Generation, Génération.s, and The New Democrats.[102][103] On 3 May, the French Communist Party agreed to join the alliance,[37][104] followed by the Socialist Party and Place Publique on 4 May.[105] On 20 May, New Deal announced its endorsement of the coalition.[33]

Party Abbr. Ideology Political position Leader(s)
La France Insoumise and allies
La France Insoumise LFI Democratic socialism
Left-wing populism
Left-wing Jean-Luc Mélenchon
Manuel Bompard
Left Party PG Democratic socialism
Left-wing populism
Left-wing Jean-Christophe Sellin
Hélène Le Cacheux
Ensemble! E! Socialism
Eco-socialism
Left-wing to far-left Collective leadership
Picardie Debout PD Left-wing populism
Economic nationalism
Left-wing François Ruffin
Ecological Revolution for the Living REV Deep ecology
Green politics
Left-wing Aymeric Caron
Independent Workers' Party POI Marxism Left-wing to far-left Collective
Rézistans Égalité 974 RÉ974 Democratic socialism
Regionalism
Left-wing to far-left Jean-Hugues Ratenon
Les Écologistes
Europe Ecology – The Greens EELV Green politics
Alter-globalisation
Centre-left to left-wing Julien Bayou
Génération.s G.s Democratic socialism
Eco-socialism
Centre-left to left-wing Benoît Hamon
Ecology Generation Green politics
Ecofeminism
Centre Delphine Batho
Socialist Party and allies
Socialist Party PS Social democracy Centre-left Olivier Faure
Place Publique PP Social democracy Centre-left Raphaël Glucksmann
New Deal ND Progressivism Centre-left to left-wing Arnaud Lelache
Aline Mouquet
Movement for the Development of Mayotte MDM
French Communist Party and allies
French Communist Party PCF Communism Left-wing to far-left Fabien Roussel
For Réunion PLR Democratic socialism
Post-Marxism
Left-wing Huguette Bello
Tāvini Huiraʻatira TH Progressivism
French Polynesian autonomism/independence
Centre-left to left-wing Oscar Temaru
Péyi-A Péyi-A Martiniquean independence Centre-left to left-wing Jean-Philippe Nilor
Marcelin Nadeau

Former members

On 16 October 2022, The New Democrats merged to Europe Ecology – The Greens.[106]

Party Abbr. Ideology Political position Leader(s)
The New Democrats ND Social liberalism
Environmentalism
Centre-left Aurélien Taché
Émilie Cariou

Candidates

Constituency breakdown by party and bloc[107][108]
Party or bloc Constituencies Proportion
La France Insoumise and associated parties
(La France Insoumise, Left Party, Ensemble!, Picardie debout, Ecological Revolution for the Living)
326 56.50%
Ecologist Pole Europe Ecology – The Greens 80 13.86%
Génération.s 9 1.56%
Ecology Generation 9 1.56%
The New Democrats 2 0.35%
Total 100 17.33 %
Socialist Party 70 11.96 %
French Communist Party 50 8.84%
Undeclared (outre-mer and Corsica) 31 5.55 %
Total 577 100 %

Breakdown by constituency

Candidates per constituency[109][110][lower-alpha 3]
Constituency Party Candidate First-round vote Second-round vote Elected
Ain (1) Parti socialiste Sébastien Guéraud 23.87% 36.78% No
Ain (2) Europe Écologie Les Verts Lumir Lapray 25.42% 41.66% No
Ain (3) La France insoumise Christian Jolie 22.36% 41.28% No
Ain (4) La France insoumise Philippe Lerda 17.38% 37.73% No
Ain (5) La France insoumise Florence Pisani 23.54% 42.14% No
Aisne (1) La France insoumise Olivier Fenioux 19.05% N/A No
Aisne (2) La France insoumise Sulyvan Ransquin 17.66% N/A No
Aisne (3) Parti socialiste Jean-Louis Bricout (incumbent) 45.88% 54.84% Yes
Aisne (4) Parti communiste français Aurélien Gall 22.66% N/A No
Aisne (5) La France insoumise Stéphane Frère 18.85% 35.59% No
Allier (1) Parti communiste français Yannick Monnet[111] 30.57% 55.41% Yes
Allier (2) La France insoumise Louise Héritier 21.84% 49.78% No
Allier (3) Parti socialiste Elsa Denferd 19.53% N/A No
Alpes-de-Haute-Provence (1) Les Nouveaux Démocrates Delphine Bagarry (incumbent) 27.99% 48.80% No
Alpes-de-Haute-Provence (2) La France insoumise Léo Walter 29.30% 51.49% Yes
Hautes-Alpes (1) La France insoumise Michel Philippo[112] 28.87% 49.64% No
Hautes-Alpes (2) La France insoumise Capucine Mounal[112] 29.22% 43.41% No
Alpes-Maritimes (1) La France insoumise Anne-Laure Chaintron 20.42% N/A No
Alpes-Maritimes (2) La France insoumise Sonia Naffati 18.82% N/A No
Alpes-Maritimes (3) La France insoumise Enzo Giusti 21.95% 42.56% No
Alpes-Maritimes (4) Parti communiste français Sophie Burnot-Poulet 12.39% N/A No
Alpes-Maritimes (5) Europe Écologie Les Verts Philippe Benassaya 17.73% N/A No
Alpes-Maritimes (6) La France insoumise Nicole Mazzella 13.30% N/A No
Alpes-Maritimes (7) La France insoumise Arthur Meyer Abbatucci 15.58% N/A No
Alpes-Maritimes (8) La France insoumise Lucia Soudant 12.39% N/A No
Alpes-Maritimes (9) Parti socialiste Chantal Chasseriaud 14.72% N/A No
Ardèche (1) Parti socialiste Hervé Saulignac (incumbent)[113] 38.28% 60.05% Yes
Ardèche (2) La France insoumise Christophe Goulouzell 23.57% 41.14% No
Ardèche (3) La France insoumise Florence Pallot 26.68% 42.89% No
Ardennes (1) Europe Écologie Les Verts Julien Duruisseau 18.48% N/A No
Ardennes (2) La France insoumise Gilles Loyez 19.06% N/A No
Ardennes (3) La France insoumise Sophie Perrin 14.78% N/A No
Ariège (1) La France insoumise Bénédicte Taurine (incumbent) 33.12% 55.31% Yes
Ariège (2) La France insoumise Michel Larive (incumbent) 29.05% 43.29% No
Aube (1) Europe Écologie Les Verts Laurent Spagnesi 14.51% N/A No
Aube (2) La France insoumise Sarah Fraincart 16.89% N/A No
Aube (3) La France insoumise Gaëtan Seffals 21.89% N/A No
Aude (1) Parti socialiste Sophie Courrière-Calmon 28.15% 46.44% No
Aude (2) Parti socialiste Viviane Thivent 20.94% N/A No
Aude (3) La France insoumise Johanna Adda-Netter 25.80% 46.68% No
Aveyron (1) Europe Écologie Les Verts Léon Thébault[114] 21.55% 36.175 No
Aveyron (2) La France insoumise Laurent Alexandre[114] 27.78% 50.99% Yes
Aveyron (3) La France insoumise Michel Rhin[114] 27.09% 46.29% No
Bouches-du-Rhône (1) Parti socialiste Thibaud Rosique 19.41% N/A No
Bouches-du-Rhône (2) Europe Écologie Les Verts Alexandre Rupnik 21.56% 38.36% No
Bouches-du-Rhône (3) La France insoumise Mohamed Bensaada 27.73% 45.04% No
Bouches-du-Rhône (4) La France insoumise Manuel Bompard 56.04% 73.92% Yes
Bouches-du-Rhône (5) La France insoumise Hendrik Davi 40.30% 56.64% Yes
Bouches-du-Rhône (6) Parti socialiste Magali Holagne 21.96% N/A No
Bouches-du-Rhône (7) La France insoumise Sébastien Delogu 37.88% 64.68% Yes
Bouches-du-Rhône (8) La France insoumise Eric Deligny 19.41% N/A No
Bouches-du-Rhône (9) La France insoumise Lucas Trottman 21.56% 41.36% No
Bouches-du-Rhône (10) La France insoumise Marina Mesure 21.67% 40.38% No
Bouches-du-Rhône (11) Génération.s Stéphane Salord 22.47% N/A No
Bouches-du-Rhône (12) La France insoumise Isabelle Chauvin 19.12% N/A No
Bouches-du-Rhône (13) Parti communiste français Pierre Dharréville (incumbent) 35.83% 52.01% Yes
Bouches-du-Rhône (14) La France insoumise Hélène Le Cacheux 25.80% 43.15% No
Bouches-du-Rhône (15) La France insoumise Michèle Jung 18.78% N/A No
Bouches-du-Rhône (16) Parti socialiste Christophe Caillault 26.73% 45.06% No
Cavaldos (1) La France insoumise Emma Fourreau 35.81% 49.73% No
Cavaldos (2) Parti socialiste Arthur Delaporte 42.01% 59.86% Yes
Cavaldos (3) La France insoumise Didier Canu 21.44% N/A No
Cavaldos) (4) Parti communiste français Pierre Mouraret 22.64% 38.92% No
Cavaldos (5) Europe Écologie Les Verts Valérie Harel 23.19% 44.32% No
Cavaldos (6) La France insoumise Noé Gauchard[115] 24.53% 47.54% No
Cantal (1) La France insoumise Michel Maciazek 18.51% N/A No
Cantal (2) La France insoumise Melody Morille 16.33% N/A No
Charente (1) La France insoumise René Pilato[116] 27.53% 49.97% No
Charente (2) La France insoumise Chloé Chevalier 20.50% N/A No
Charente (3) Parti socialiste Marie-Pierre Noël 19.48% N/A No
Charente-Maritime (1) Europe Écologie Les Verts Jean-Marc Soubeste 23.39% 38.89% No
Charente-Maritime (2) La France insoumise Nordine Raymond 27.50% 48.24% No
Charente-Maritime (3) La France insoumise Gérald Dahan 21.07% N/A No
Charente-Maritime (4) La France insoumise Danièle Desselles 19.73% N/A No
Charente-Maritime (5) Parti socialiste Margarita Sola 19.88% N/A No
Cher (1) Parti socialiste Alex Charpentier 24.20% 42.86% No
Cher (2) Parti communiste français Nicolas Sansu[117] 32.36% 54.37% Yes
Cher (3) La France insoumise Aliénor Garcia Bosch de Morales 21.82% N/A No
Corrèze (1) La France insoumise Sandrine Deveaud[118] 25.40% 46.20% No
Corrèze (2) Europe Écologie Les Verts Chloé Herzhaft 21.16% 41.60% No
Corse-du-Sud (1) N/A No NUPES candidate[lower-alpha 4] -
Corse-du-Sud (2) N/A No NUPES candidate[lower-alpha 5] -
Haute-Corse (1) N/A No NUPES candidate[lower-alpha 6] -
Haute-Corse (2) N/A No NUPES candidate[lower-alpha 7] -
Côte-d'Or (1) La France insoumise Antoine Peillon 25.63% 41.97% No
Côte-d'Or (2) Europe Écologie Les Verts Catherine Hervieu 29.27% 48.30% No
Côte-d'Or (3) Parti communiste français Patricia Marc 25.38% 49.89% No
Côte-d'Or (4) La France insoumise Stéphane Guinot 17.63% N/A No
Côte-d'Or (5) Parti communiste français Isabelle de Almeida 19.66% N/A No
Côtes-d'Armor (1) La France insoumise Marion Gogiard 27.49% 47.31% No
Côtes-d'Armor (2) Parti socialiste Bruno Ricard 25.83% 44.17% No
Côtes-d'Armor (3) Europe Écologie Les Verts Antoine Ravard 22.66% 35.13% No
Côtes-d'Armor (4) La France insoumise Murielle Lepvraud 27.21% 53.42% Yes
Côtes-d'Armor (5) La France insoumise Marie-Amélie Troadec 26.44% 47.51% No
Creuse (1) La France insoumise Catherine Couturier 26.37% 51.44% Yes
Dordogne (1) La France insoumise Pascale Martin 24.33% 51.85% Yes
Dordogne (2) La France insoumise Michèle Roux 21.19% N/A No
Dordogne (3) La France insoumise
Parti ouvrier indépendant
Cyril Girardeau 23.68% 34.41% No
Dordogne (4) Génération.s Sébastien Peytavie 26.08% 55.52% Yes
Doubs (1) La France insoumise Séverine Véziès 29.78% 48.12% No
Doubs (2) Europe Écologie Les Verts Stéphane Ravacley[119] 32.51% 47.74% No
Doubs (3) Parti communiste français Virginie Dayet[120] 20.45% N/A No
Doubs (4) La France insoumise Brigitte Cottier 20.12% N/A No
Doubs (5) La France insoumise Martine Ludi 18.72% N/A No
Drôme (1) La France insoumise Karim Chkeri 27.98% 45.58% No
Drôme (2) La France insoumise Gilles Reynaud 23.91% 42.88% No
Drôme (3) Europe Écologie Les Verts Marie Pochon 35.49% 52.22% Yes
Drôme (4) Parti socialiste Pierre Jouvet[113] 30.50% 42.10% No
Eure (1) Génération écologie Christophe Ancelin 19.22% N/A No
Eure (2) La France insoumise Nathalie Samson 21.02% N/A No
Eure (3) La France insoumise Dorine Le Pêcheur 19.13% N/A No
Eure (4) Parti socialiste Philippe Brun 28.97% 50.44% Yes
Eure (5) Europe Écologie Les Verts Pierre-Yves Jourdain 20.85% N/A No
Eure-et-Loir (1) Génération écologie Quentin Guillemain[117] 22.83% N/A No
Eure-et-Loir (2) La France insoumise Kévin Boëté 18.65% N/A No
Eure-et-Loir (3) La France insoumise Valéria Dos Santos Orfila 19.08% N/A No
Eure-et-Loir (4) La France insoumise Mathieu Gaston 15.42% N/A No
Finistère (1) Europe Écologie Les Verts Grégory Lebert 32.08% 46.11% No
Finistère (2) La France insoumise Pierre-Yves Cadalen[121] 31.91% 49.84% No
Finistère (3) La France insoumise Pierre Smolarz 29.18% 42.10% No
Finistère (4) Génération.s Sylvaine Vulpiani 30.98% 45.60% No
Finistère (5) Parti socialiste Nathalie Sarrabezolles 29.03% 45.42% No
Finistère (6) Parti socialiste Mélanie Thomin 31.16% 50.85% Yes
Finistère (7) La France insoumise Yolande Bouin 29.99% 47.75% No
Finistère (8) La France insoumise Youenn Le Flao 31.66%' 47.57% No
Gard (1) La France insoumise Charles Ménard 23.93% N/A No
Gard (2) La France insoumise Coaralie Ghiardi 21.79% N/A No
Gard (3) Parti communiste français Sabine Oromi 20.66% N/A No
Gard (4) Parti socialiste Arnaud Bord 26.58% 45.51% No
Gard (5) La France insoumise Michel Sala 33.48% 53.00% Yes
Gard (6) Europe Écologie Les Verts Nicolas Cadène 25.65% 47.83% No
Haute-Garonne (1) La France insoumise Hadrien Clouet[122] 39.79% 54.22% Yes
Haute-Garonne (2) La France insoumise Anne Stambach-Terrenoir[122] 37.25% 52.90% Yes
Haute-Garonne (3) La France insoumise Agathe Roby[122] 31.60% 44.29% No
Haute-Garonne (4) La France insoumise François Piquemal[122] 46.54% 59.26% Yes
Haute-Garonne (5) La France insoumise Sylvie Espagnolle[122] 27.85% 48.11% No
Haute-Garonne (6) Parti socialiste Fabien Jouvé[122] 29.39% 49.99% No
Haute-Garonne (7) La France insoumise Christophe Bex[122] 30.68% 51.17% Yes
Haute-Garonne (8) Parti socialiste Joël Aviragnet (incumbent)[122] 28.67% 60.39% Yes
Haute-Garonne (9) Europe Écologie Les Verts Christine Arrighi[122] 39.77% 58.55% Yes
Haute-Garonne (10) Génération.s Alice Assier[122] 33.16% 49.80% No
Gers (1) La France insoumise Pascal Levieux 25.44% 47.49% No
Gers (2) La France insoumise François Dubos 17.52% N/A No
Gironde (1) Europe Écologie Les Verts Catherine Cestari 27.31% 40.89% No
Gironde (2) Europe Écologie Les Verts Nicolas Thierry 45.12% 53.34% Yes
Gironde (3) La France insoumise Loïc Prud'homme (incumbent) 44.89% 59.27% Yes
Gironde (4) Parti socialiste Alain David (incumbent) 40.55% 59.73% Yes
Gironde (5) La France insoumise Olivier Maneiro 25.92% 46.72% No
Gironde (6) Parti socialiste Vanessa Fergeau 33.93% 48.15% No
Gironde (7) La France insoumise Jean-Renaud Ferran 34.51% 47.29% No
Gironde (8) Parti communiste français Marylène Faure 18.84% N/A No
Gironde (9) La France insoumise Sacha André 24.23% 49.51% No
Gironde (10) Europe Écologie Les Verts Pascal Bourgois 23.40% N/A No
Gironde (11) La France insoumise Mathieu Caillaud 22.75% N/A No
Gironde (12) La France insoumise Mathilde Feld 26.94% 49.77% No
Hérault (1) La France insoumise Julien Colet 26.94% 47.45% No
Hérault (2) La France insoumise Nathalie Oziol[123] 40.37% 63.33% Yes
Hérault (3) Europe Écologie Les Verts Julia Mignacca[124] 28.59% 46.90% No
Hérault (4) La France insoumise Sébastien Rome 28.06% 50.65% Yes
Hérault (5) La France insoumise Pierre Polard[125] 24.32% 45.76% No
Hérault (6) La France insoumise Magali Crozier 17.05% 30.17% No
Hérault (7) Parti communiste français Gabriel Blasco 21.75% 40.81% No
Hérault (8) La France insoumise Sylvain Carrière 29.35% 50.59% Yes
Hérault (9) La France insoumise Nadia Belaouni 24.60% 45.63% No
Ille-et-Vilaine (1) La France insoumise Frédéric Mathieu[126] 39.27% 52.62% Yes
Ille-et-Vilaine (2) Génération.s Tristan Lahais[126] 39.51% 48.18% No
Ille-et-Vilaine (3) Parti socialiste Claudia Rouaux (incumbent)[126] 35.72% 51.53% Yes
Ille-et-Vilaine (4) La France insoumise Mathilde Hignet[126][127] 32.61% 50.36% Yes
Ille-et-Vilaine (5) La France insoumise Gilles Renault[126][128] 26.05% 41.34% No
Ille-et-Vilaine (6) La France insoumise Hélène Mocquard[126][129] 25.63% 38.31% No
Ille-et-Vilaine (7) La France insoumise Nicolas Guivarc'h[126][130] 21.26% N/A No
Ille-et-Vilaine (8) Parti socialiste Mickaël Bouloux[126] 45.72% 57.97% Yes
Indre (1) La France insoumise Éloïse Gonzalez 22.54% 43.98% No
Indre (2) La France insoumise Aymeric Compain 22.00% N/A No
Indre-et-Loire (1) Europe Écologie Les Verts Charles Fournier[131] 39.60% 53.51% Yes
Indre-et-Loire (2) La France insoumise Christelle Gobert[131] 25.82% 45.29% No
Indre-et-Loire (3) La France insoumise Roxane Sirven[131] 24.15% 42.84% No
Indre-et-Loire (4) Parti socialiste Laurent Baumel (incumbent)[131] 29.55% 49.48% No
Indre-et-Loire (5) Parti communiste français Françoise Langlade[131] 19.38% N/A No
Isère (1) La France insoumise Salomé Robin[132] 38.86% 44.47% No
Isère (2) Europe Écologie Les Verts Cyrielle Chatelain[132] 33.52% 52.13% Yes
Isère (3) La France insoumise Élisa Martin[132] 42.49% 57.48% Yes
Isère (4) Parti socialiste Marie-Noëlle Battistel (incumbent) 42.22% 58.06% Yes
Isère (5) Europe Écologie Les Verts Jérémie Iordanoff[132] 32.39% 50.43% Yes
Isère (6) La France insoumise Nicole Finas-Fillon[132] 21.66% N/A No
Isère (7) Parti communiste français Dominique Dichard[132] 20.95% N/A No
Isère (8) Pôle écologisteDivers gauche Quentin Dogon[133] 22.88% N/A No
Isère (9) La France insoumise Sandrine Nosbe[132] 30.54% 46.20% No
Isère (10) La France insoumise Joëlle Richolle[132] 23.95% N/A No
Jura (1) La France insoumise Anthony Brondel 28.40% 43.78% No
Jura (2) Parti communiste français Évelyne Ternant 24.51% 37.90% No
Jura (3) Europe Écologie Les Verts Hervé Prat 24.84% 41.54% No
Landes (1) La France insoumise Guy de Barbeyrac 22.95% 44.19% No
Landes (2) Parti communiste français Jean-Marc Lespade 30.24% 48.06% No
Landes (3) Parti socialiste Boris Vallaud (incumbent) 40.16% 59.93% Yes
Loir-et-Cher (1) La France Insoumise Reda Belkadi 24.31% 43.53% No
Loir-et-Cher (2) Parti communiste français Jérémie Demaline 16.97% N/A No
Loir-et-Cher (3) Europe Écologie Les Verts Noé Petit[134] 19.30% N/A No
Loire (1) Europe Écologie Les Verts Laëtitia Copin[135] 22.60% 47.90% No
Loire (2) La France insoumise Andrée Taurinya[135] 34.37% 50.63% Yes
Loire (3) Parti communiste français Vincent Bony 23.66% 42.68% No
Loire (4) La France insoumise Bernard Paemelaere[135] 23.56% 38.39% No
Loire (5) La France insoumise Ismaël Stevenson[135] 20.35% N/A No
Loire (6) La France insoumise André Bouchut[135] 18.99% N/A No
Haute-Loire (1) Europe Écologie Les Verts Céline Gacon[136] 18.96% 29.78% No
Haute-Loire (2) La France insoumise Azelma Sigaux[137] 19.79% N/A No
Loire-Atlantique (1) Parti socialiste Karim Benbrahim[138] 36.97% 47.92% No
Loire-Atlantique (2) La France insoumise Andy Kerbrat[138] 46.62% 55.80% Yes
Loire-Atlantique (3) La France insoumise Ségolène Amiot[138] 42.87% 55.70% Yes
Loire-Atlantique (4) Europe Écologie Les Verts Julie Laernoes[138] 42.82% 58.03% Yes
Loire-Atlantique (5) La France insoumise Sabine Lalande[138] 32.72% 45.59% No
Loire-Atlantique (6) Pôle écologisteDivers gauche Jean-Claude Raux[138] 32.77% 52.84% Yes
Loire-Atlantique (7) Parti communiste français Véronique Mahé[138] 24.26% 42.94% No
Loire-Atlantique (8) La France insoumise Matthias Tavel[138] 32.04% 54.45% Yes
Loire-Atlantique (9) La France insoumise
Parti ouvrier indépendant
Hélène Macon[138] 28.60% 46.88% No
Loire-Atlantique (10) La France insoumise Léonie Ferry[138] 29.99% 43.48% No
Loiret (1) Parti socialiste Ghislaine Kounowski 28.67% 42.79% No
Loiret (2) Génération.s Emmanuel Duplessis 25.12% 44.22% No
Loiret (3) La France insoumise Kevin Merlot 19.21% N/A No
Loiret (4) Parti communiste français Bruno Nottin[139] 19.43% 36.64% No
Loiret (5) La France insoumise Florence Chabirand 18.87 N/A No
Loiret (6) La France insoumise Olivier Hicter 25.52% 42.73% No
Lot (1) La France insoumise Elsa Bougeard 22.26% 35.37% No
Lot (2) La France insoumise Thierry Grossemy 23.73% 33.80% No
Lot-et-Garonne (1) Europe Écologie Les Verts Maryse Combes 26.21% wd[lower-alpha 8][140] No
Lot-et-Garonne (2) Parti socialiste Christophe Courregelongue 26.03% 30.75% No
Lot-et-Garonne (3) La France insoumise Xavier Czapla 22.91% 43.03% No
Lozère (1) La France insoumise Sandrine Descaves 25.41% 45.72% No
Maine-et-Loire (1) Génération.s Arash Saeidi[141] 29.87% 44.48% No
Maine-et-Loire (2) La France insoumise Caroline Bessat[141] 29.27% 43.24% No
Maine-et-Loire (3) La France insoumise Véronique Roudévitch[141] 23.18% 39.35% No
Maine-et-Loire (4) Parti communiste français Caroline Rabault[141] 23.09% 39.67% No
Maine-et-Loire (5) La France insoumise Christophe Airaud[141] 22.96% 39.24% No
Maine-et-Loire (6) La France insoumise Tassadit Amghar[141] 27.78% 42.40% No
Maine-et-Loire (7) Parti socialiste Guillaume Jouanneau[141] 30.32% 44.44% No
Manche (1) Europe Écologie Les Verts Guillaume Hédouin 19.44% 31.22% No
Manche (2) La France insoumise Patrick Grimbert 18.50% 35.55% No
Manche (3) Parti communiste français Gaëlle Verove 23.66% 43.87% No
Manche (4) Parti socialiste Anna Pic 31.61% 51.61% Yes
Marne (1) Europe Écologie Les Verts Évelyne Bourgoin 24.19% 44.09% No
Marne (2) La France insoumise Lynda Meguenine 22.46% 45.18% No
Marne (3) Parti communiste français Chantal Berthelemy 17.88% N/A No
Marne (4) La France insoumise Anthony Smith 18.79% N/A No
Marne (5) La France insoumise Karine Le Luron 11.09% N/A No
Haute-Marne (1) La France insoumise Michele Leclerc 16.20% N/A No
Haute-Marne (2) La France insoumise Ingrid Viot 12.46% N/A No
Mayenne (1) Parti socialiste Guillaume Garot[142] (incumbent) 49.62% 63.22% Yes
Mayenne (2) Europe Écologie Les Verts Grégory Boisseau 23.89% 41.38% No
Mayenne (3) La France insoumise Marion Detais 19.33% N/A No
Meurthe-et-Moselle (1) La France insoumise Nordine Jouira[143] 32.83% 46.57% No
Meurthe-et-Moselle (2) Parti socialiste Stéphane Hablot[143] 36.59% 49.74% No
Meurthe-et-Moselle (3) La France insoumise Martine Étienne[143] 24.88% 51.94% Yes
Meurthe-et-Moselle (4) Pôle écologisteDivers gauche Barbara Bertozzi[143] 19.18% N/A No
Meurthe-et-Moselle (5) Parti socialiste Dominique Potier (incumbent) 43.97% 63.12% Yes
Meurthe-et-Moselle (6) La France insoumise Caroline Fiat (incumbent) 29.97% 50.23% Yes
Meuse (1) Parti socialiste Olivier Guckert 17.49% N/A No
Meuse (2) Europe Écologie Les Verts Johan Laflotte 16.23% N/A No
Morbihan (1) Parti socialiste Luc Foucault 25.01% 40.75% No
Morbihan (2) La France insoumise Karol Kirchner 24.87% 41.40% No
Morbihan (3) La France insoumise Marie-Madeleine Doré-Lucas 22.51% 43.36% No
Morbihan (4) Parti communiste français Lhéa Le Flecher 18.20% N/A No
Morbihan (5) Europe Écologie Les Verts Damien Girard 31.47% 48.65% No
Morbihan (6) La France insoumise Jean-Michel Baudry 26.08% 45.19% No
Moselle (1) La France insoumise Esther Leick 23.56% N/A No
Moselle (2) La France insoumise Lisa Lahore 21.44% 43.59% No
Moselle (3) La France insoumise Charlotte Leduc 24.27% 51.46% Yes
Moselle (4) Parti communiste français Hélène Giardot 13.28% N/A No
Moselle (5) La France insoumise Caroline Racine 14.55% N/A No
Moselle (6) La France insoumise Jonathan Outomuro 17.32% N/A No
Moselle (7) Europe Écologie Les Verts Luc Muller 19.72% N/A No
Moselle (8) La France insoumise Céline Léger 27.57% 47.57% No
Moselle (9) Parti socialiste Brigitte Vaisse 22.16% 44.97% No
Nièvre (1) La France insoumise Charlène Delacour 25.69% N/A No
Nièvre (2) La France insoumise Marie-Anne Guillemain 24.31% N/A No
Nord (1) La France insoumise Adrien Quatennens (incumbent) 52.05% 65.24% Yes
Nord (2) La France insoumise Ugo Bernalicis (incumbent) 43.49% 58.00%' Yes
Nord (3) Parti socialiste Sophie Villette 15.17% N/A No
Nord (4) Europe Écologie Les Verts Octave Delepierre[144] 27.65% 43.95% No
Nord (5) La France insoumise Ophélie Delneste 24.98% 48.86% No
Nord (6) La France insoumise Celia Pereira 27.65% 36.93% No
Nord (7) Pôle écologisteDivers gauche Karima Chouia[145] 26.41% 44.53% No
Nord (8) La France insoumise David Guiraud[146] 39.83% 59.94% Yes
Nord (9) Pôle écologisteDivers gauche Odile Vidal-Sagnier 27.22% 40.90% No
Nord (10) La France insoumise Leslie Mortreux 23.08% 42.48% No
Nord (11) Parti socialiste Roger Vicot 35.43% 56.27% Yes
Nord (12) La France insoumise Malik Yahiatène 19.63% N/A No
Nord (13) La France insoumise Damien Lacroix 24.15% N/A No
Nord (14) La France insoumise Philippine Heyman 17.03% N/A No
Nord (15) Pôle écologisteDivers gauche Emilie Ducourant 20.03 45.91% No
Nord (16) Parti communiste français Alain Bruneel (incumbent) 33.59% 49.66% No
Nord (17) La France insoumise Cyril Grandin 22.91% N/A No
Nord (18) La France insoumise Stéphane Maréchal 15.35% N/A No
Nord (19) Parti communiste français Patrick Soloch 25.63% 42.85% No
Nord (20) Parti communiste français Fabien Roussel (incumbent) 34.13% 54.40% Yes
Nord (21) La France insoumise Luce Troadec 23.48% N/A No
Oise (1) Parti communiste français Thierry Aury 18.62% N/A No
Oise (2) La France insoumise Annick Prévot 15.81% N/A No
Oise (3) La France insoumise Valérie Labatut 26.31% 47.58% No
Oise (4) La France insoumise Mohamed Assamti 17.67% N/A No
Oise (5) Pôle écologisteDivers gauche Luc Blanchard 21.33% N/A No
Oise (6) Parti socialiste Florian Dumoulin 17.95% N/A No
Oise (7) Parti communiste français Loïc Pen 26.56% 43.26% No
Orne (1) Parti socialiste Chantal Jourdan (incumbent) 25.85% 50.20% Yes
Orne (2) Europe Écologie Les Verts Cécile Bussière 16.17% N/A No
Orne (3) La France insoumise Mehdi Kemari 17.44% N/A No
Pas-de-Calais (1) La France insoumise Éric Cagnache 14.87% N/A No
Pas-de-Calais (2) La France insoumise Morgane Rengard 22.48% N/A No
Pas-de-Calais (3) Parti communiste français Jean-Marc Tellier 35.57% 50.11% Yes
Pas-de-Calais (4) Parti socialiste Blandine Drain 17.33% N/A No
Pas-de-Calais (5) La France insoumise Nancy Bélart 18.03% N/A No
Pas-de-Calais (6) La France insoumise Pascal Lebecq 15.98% N/A No
Pas-de-Calais (7) Europe Écologie Les Verts Jean-Pierre Moussally 19.28% N/A No
Pas-de-Calais (8) La France insoumise Simon Roussel 15.75% N/A No
Pas-de-Calais (9) La France insoumise Amandine Bonifacio 15.98% N/A No
Pas-de-Calais (10) La France insoumise Sandrine Coquerie 17.25% N/A No
Pas-de-Calais (11) Pôle écologisteDivers gauche Marine Tondelier 23.43% 38.97% No
Pas-de-Calais (12) Parti socialiste Jérôme Darras 29.47% 43.70% No
Puy-de-Dôme (1) La France insoumise Marianne Maximi 34.50% 52.23% Yes
Puy-de-Dôme (2) Parti socialiste Christine Pirès-Beaune (incumbent) 41.89% 63.84% Yes
Puy-de-Dôme (3) Europe Écologie Les Verts Nicolas Bonnet 30.08% 46.91% No
Puy-de-Dôme (4) La France insoumise Valérie Goléo 30.73 49.87% No
Puy-de-Dôme (5) Parti communiste français André Chassaigne (incumbent) 49.13% 69.43% Yes
Pyrénées-Atlantiques (1) La France insoumise Jean-Yves Lalanne 31.78% 49.22% No
Pyrénées-Atlantiques (2) Génération écologie Cécile Faure 25.47% 45.29% No
Pyrénées-Atlantiques (3) La France insoumise Jean-François Baby 20.63% 33.45% No
Pyrénées-Atlantiques (4) Parti socialiste Inaki Echaniz 24.07% 50.11% Yes
Pyrénées-Atlantiques (5) La France insoumise Sandra Pereira-Ostanel 25.14% 45.60% No
Pyrénées-Atlantiques (6) La France insoumise Tom Dubois-Robin 19.55% 39.79% No
Hautes-Pyrénées (1) La France insoumise Sylvie Ferrer[147][148] 24.69% 50.13% Yes
Hautes-Pyrénées (2) La France insoumise Gregory Korn[149][150] 22.95% 47.72% No
Pyrénées-Orientales (1) La France insoumise Francis Daspe 23.63% N/A No
Pyrénées-Orientales (2) Europe Écologie Les Verts David Berrué 20.28% N/A No
Pyrénées-Orientales (3) La France insoumise Nathalie Cullel 27.29% 45.89% No
Pyrénées-Orientales (4) La France insoumise Jérôme Pous 19.12% N/A No
Bas-Rhin (1) Europe Écologie Les Verts Sandra Regol 38.07% 51.47% Yes
Bas-Rhin (2) La France insoumise Emmanuel Fernandes 36.89% 52.23% Yes
Bas-Rhin (3) La France insoumise Sébastien Mas 30.82% 45.47% No
Bas-Rhin (4) La France insoumise Imane Lahmeur 17.15% 33.90% No
Bas-Rhin (5) La France insoumise Véronique Toulza 16.05% N/A No
Bas-Rhin (6) Europe Écologie Les Verts Martine Marchal-Minazzi 16.61% N/A No
Bas-Rhin (7) La France insoumise Lou Toussaint-Ianeva 12.63% N/A No
Bas-Rhin (8) La France insoumise Samy Ahmed-Yahia 9.86% N/A No
Bas-Rhin (9) La France insoumise Leila Witzmann 14.64% N/A No
Haut-Rhin (1) Parti socialiste Aïcha Fritsch 14.74% N/A No
Haut-Rhin (2) La France insoumise Lilian Bourgeois 15.79% N/A No
Haut-Rhin (3) La France insoumise Priscille Silva 12.41% N/A No
Haut-Rhin (4) La France insoumise Chrystelle Garel 15.31% N/A No
Haut-Rhin (5) Génération.s Nadia El Hajjaji 20.32 35.37% No
Haut-Rhin (6) La France insoumise Léonie Hebert 19.27% N/A No
Rhône (1) La France insoumise Aurélie Gries[151] 37.75% 48.14% No
Rhône (2) Génération écologie Hubert Julien-Laferrière[151] (incumbent) 34.82% 51.64% Yes
Rhône (3) Europe Écologie Les Verts Marie-Charlotte Garin[151] 43.68% 54.79% Yes
Rhône (4) Europe Écologie Les Verts Benjamin Badouard[151] 31.72% 40.65% No
Rhône (5) Parti socialiste Fabrice Matteucci[151] 22.82% 32.68% No
Rhône (6) La France insoumise Gabriel Amard[151] 41.30% 55.54% Yes
Rhône (7) La France insoumise Abdelkader Lahmar 30.87% 46.56% No
Rhône (8) Parti communiste français Cécile Bulin[151] 19.25% N/A No
Rhône (9) La France insoumise Mylène Dune[151] 20.24% N/A No
Rhône (10) Parti socialiste Michèle Edery[151] 22.56% 34.69% No
Rhône (11) Parti communiste français Abdel Yousfi[151] 21.60% 35.91% No
Rhône (12) Europe Écologie Les Verts Jean-François Baudin[151] 23.03% 37.08% No
Rhône (13) La France insoumise Victor Prandt[151] 21.67% 37.35% No
Rhône (14) La France insoumise Idir Boumertit 35.76% 56.69% Yes
Haute-Saône (1) La France insoumise Sandra Girardot 18.84% N/A No
Haute-Saône (2) La France insoumise Patrice Guérain 20.79% N/A No
Saône-et-Loire (1) Europe Écologie Les Verts Patrick Monin 27.57% 42.75% No
Saône-et-Loire (2) Parti communiste français Cécile Vinauger 20.01% 33.35% No
Saône-et-Loire (3) La France insoumise Richard Beninger 21.19% N/A No
Saône-et-Loire (4) Parti socialiste Cécile Untermaier (incumbent) 33.97% 56.30% Yes
Saône-et-Loire (5) La France insoumise Éric Riboulet 23.60% 47.34% No
Sarthe (1) La France insoumise Ghislaine Bonnet 22.97% 45.10% No
Sarthe (2) Parti socialiste Marietta Karamanli (incumbent) 36.53% 63.06% Yes
Sarthe (3) La France insoumise Dominique Leloup 21.19% N/A No
Sarthe (4) Parti socialiste Elise Leboucher 21.87% 50.15% Yes
Sarthe (5) La France insoumise Rabbi Kokolo 19.75% N/A No
Savoie (1) Parti communiste français Christel Granata 21.43% 40.67% No
Savoie (2) La France insoumise Cédric Morand 21.94% 35.92% No
Savoie (3) La France insoumise Nathalie Krawezynski 22.76% 34.46% No
Savoie (4) La France insoumise Jean-François Coulomme 34.45% 50.85% Yes
Haute-Savoie (1) La France insoumise Anne-Valérie Duval 23.85% 37.35% No
Haute-Savoie (2) Parti communiste français Loris Fontana 22.99% 40.12% No
Haute-Savoie (3) La France insoumise Fabienne Tassa 24.78% 36.64% No
Haute-Savoie (4) La France insoumise Valerien Vervoort 21.71% 33.08% No
Haute-Savoie (5) Génération.s Odile Martin-Cocher 21.86% 39.91% No
Haute-Savoie (6) La France insoumise Ahmed Lounis 18.40% N/A No
Paris (1) La France insoumise Thomas Luquet 27.81% 34.43% No
Paris (2) Parti socialiste Marine Rosset 27.27% 36.61% No
Paris (3) Europe Écologie Les Verts Léa Balage El Mariky[152] 38.66% 49.00% No
Paris (4) La France insoumise Natalie Depraz 13.27% N/A No
Paris (5) Europe Écologie Les Verts Julien Bayou 48.88% 68.05% Yes
Paris (6) La France insoumise Sophia Chikirou[153] 53.74% N/A Yes
Paris (7) La France insoumise Caroline Mécary[154] 40.43% 49.27% No
Paris (8) Europe Écologie Les Verts Éva Sas[152] 41.70% 54.08% Yes
Paris (9) Europe Écologie Les Verts Sandrine Rousseau[155] 42.90% 59.05% Yes
Paris (10) La France insoumise Rodrigo Arenas 42.63% 54.43% Yes
Paris (11) Parti socialiste Olivia Polski 37.57% 44.55% No
Paris (12) Parti communiste français Céline Malaisé 22.34% 31.49% No
Paris (13) Europe Écologie Les Verts Aminata Niakaté 30.55% 40.14% No
Paris (14) La France insoumise Julie Maury 11.45% N/A No
Paris (15) La France insoumise Danielle Simonnet[156] 47.71% 58.45% Yes
Paris (16) La France insoumise Sarah Legrain[153] 56.51% N/A Yes
Paris (17) La France insoumiseEnsemble! Danièle Obono (incumbent) 57.07% N/A Yes
Paris (18) La France insoumise
Révolution écologique pour le vivant
Aymeric Caron[157] 45.05% 51.65% Yes
Seine-Maritime (1) La France insoumise Maxime Da Silva[158] 33.05% 49.88% No
Seine-Maritime (2) La France insoumise Sébastien Duval 22.14% 40.36% No
Seine-Maritime (3) Parti communiste français Hubert Wulfranc[159] (incumbent) 44.21% 70.36% Yes
Seine-Maritime (4) La France insoumise Alma Dufour 23.90% 53.72% Yes
Seine-Maritime (5) Parti socialiste Gérard Leseul[160] (incumbent) 33.68% 55.81% Yes
Seine-Maritime (6) Parti communiste français Sébastien Jumel[159] (incumbent) 37.66% 57.81% Yes
Seine-Maritime (7) La France insoumise Nancy Duboc 26.80% 42.13% No
Seine-Maritime (8) Parti communiste français Jean-Paul Lecoq[161] (incumbent) 48.45% 65.76% Yes
Seine-Maritime (9) La France insoumise Stéphane Fouani 20.33% N/A No
Seine-Maritime (10) Europe Écologie Les Verts Véronique Bérégovoy[162] 21.01% N/A No
Seine-et-Marne (1) La France insoumise Arnaud Saint-Martin 27.68% 46.94% No
Seine-et-Marne (2) La France insoumise Marie-Pierre Molina 23.01% 42.58% No
Seine-et-Marne (3) La France insoumise Elodie Gérôme-Delagdo 25.27% 43.31% No
Seine-et-Marne (4) La France insoumise Mathieu Garnier 20.24% N/A No
Seine-et-Marne (5) La France insoumise Cédric Colin 23.18% N/A No
Seine-et-Marne (6) La France insoumise Valérie Delage 26.80% 47.88% No
Seine-et-Marne (7) La France insoumise Ersilia Soudais 30.87% 51.31% Yes
Seine-et-Marne (8) Europe Écologie Les Verts Arnaud Bonnet 32.46% 49.99% No
Seine-et-Marne (9) La France insoumise Pascal Novais 27.51% 47.37% No
Seine-et-Marne (10) La France insoumise Maxime Laisney 37.15% 57.36% Yes
Seine-et-Marne (11) Parti socialiste Olivier Faure (incumbent) 46.90% 64.45% Yes
Yvelines (1) La France insoumise Muriel Bonnefond 24.49% 36.69% No
Yvelines (2) Europe Écologie Les Verts Maïté Carrive-Bédouani 22.66% 35.73% No
Yvelines (3) La France insoumise Louise Brody 17.71% 28.60% No
Yvelines (4) La France insoumise Céline Bourdon 24.93% 34.31% No
Yvelines (5) La France insoumise Sophie Thevenet 23.55% 35.38% No
Yvelines (6) La France insoumise Mélinda Sauger 24.50% 35.48% No
Yvelines (7) Parti socialiste Michèle Christophoul 27.19% 44.36% No
Yvelines (8) Génération.s Benjamin Lucas 33.37% 56.61% Yes
Yvelines (9) La France insoumise
Révolution écologique pour le vivant
Victor Pailhac 22.25% N/A No
Yvelines (10) La France insoumise Catherine Lasserre 22.04% 36.37% No
Yvelines (11) La France insoumise William Martinet 32.20% 50.19% Yes
Yvelines (12) Génération écologie Edwin Legris 24.10% 40.06% No
Deux-Sèvres (1) La France insoumise François Charron 28.43% 48.01% No
Deux-Sèvres (2) Génération écologie Delphine Batho[163] (incumbent) 36.38% 57.88% Yes
Deux-Sèvres (3) La France insoumise Juliette Woillez 22.36% 41.73% No
Somme (1) La France insoumise – Picardie debout François Ruffin (incumbent) 40.09% 61.01% Yes
Somme (2) La France insoumise Zahia Hamdane 29.98% 46.87% No
Somme (3) Parti communiste français Arnaud Petit 16.68% N/A No
Somme (4) Europe Écologie Les Verts Élodie Héren 19.32% N/A No
Somme (5) La France insoumise – Picardie debout Guillaume Ancelet 20.29% 39.21% No
Tarn (1) La France insoumise Gérard Poujade 21.37% 46.91% No
Tarn (2) La France insoumise Karen Erodi 29.91% 37.50% Yes
Tarn (3) La France insoumise Julien Lassalle 22.27% 46.29% No
Tarn-et-Garonne (1) Parti socialiste Valérie Rabault (incumbent) 33.33% 58.29% Yes
Tarn-et-Garonne (2) La France insoumise Nathalie Manchado 18.93% N/A No
Var (1) La France insoumise Éric Habouzit 19.65% N/A No
Var (2) La France insoumise Isaline Cornil 17.91% N/A No
Var (3) Parti socialiste Julia Peironet Bremond 16.27% N/A No
Var (4) La France insoumise Sabine Cristofani-Viglione 12.87% N/A No
Var (5) La France insoumise Robert Caraguel 12.09% N/A No
Var (6) Parti communiste français Alain Bolla 17.80% N/A No
Var (7) Génération écologie Basma Bouchkara 14.87% N/A No
Var (8) La France insoumise Catherine Jouanneau 18.79% N/A No
Vaucluse (1) La France insoumise Farid Faryssy[164] 30.55% 48.86% No
Vaucluse (2) La France insoumise François Sandoz[164] 21.53% N/A No
Vaucluse (3) Parti communiste français Muriel Duenas[164] 19.16% N/A No
Vaucluse (4) La France insoumise Tourkia Galvez[164] 18.14% N/A No
Vaucluse (5) Génération.s Céline Celse[164] 22.26% N/A No
Vendée (1) Europe Écologie Les Verts Lucie Etonno[165] 24.16% 43.26% No
Vendée (2) La France insoumise Nicolas Hélary[165] 21.84% 41.58% No
Vendée (3) La France insoumise Aurélien Mauger[165] 17.45% N/A No
Vendée (4) Parti communiste français Valentin Rondeau[165] 17.58% N/A No
Vendée (5) La France insoumise Timothée Tibaud[165] 20.12% N/A No
Vienne (1) Europe Écologie Les Verts Lisa Belluco 32.56% 51.36% Yes
Vienne (2) La France insoumise Valérie Soumaille 34.39% 48.81% No
Vienne (3) La France insoumise Jason Valente 20.61% N/A No
Vienne (4) Parti socialiste Flavien Cartier 23.11% N/A No
Haute-Vienne (1) La France insoumise Damien Maudet 34.54% 53.41% Yes
Haute-Vienne (2) Parti socialiste Stéphane Delautrette 35.58% 61.47% Yes
Haute-Vienne (3) La France insoumise Manon Meunier 31.68% 51.10% Yes
Vosges (1) La France insoumise Jules Fetet 18.67% N/A No
Vosges (2) La France insoumise Charlotte Moreau 17.84% N/A No
Vosges (3) Europe Écologie Les Verts Béatrice Pierrat 17.68% N/A No
Vosges (4) La France insoumise François-Xavier Wein 15.97% N/A No
Yonne (1) Europe Écologie Les Verts Florence Loury 24.25% 48.90% No
Yonne (2) La France insoumise Philippe Veyssiere 21.32% N/A No
Yonne (3) La France insoumise Manon Dené 19.18% N/A No
Territoire de Belfort (1) La France insoumise Gérald Loridat 21.24% N/A No
Territoire de Belfort (2) La France insoumise Florian Chauche 26.42% 51.37% Yes
Essonne (1) La France insoumise Farida Amrani 39.12% 59.84% Yes
Essonne (2) La France insoumise Mathieu Hillaire 24.66% 46.73% No
Essonne (3) Europe Écologie Les Verts Steevy Gustave 28.72% 48.82% No
Essonne (4) Parti communiste français Amadou Démé 27.49% 44.25% No
Essonne (5) Génération écologie Cédric Villani (incumbent) 38.20% 49.97% No
Essonne (6) Parti socialiste Jérôme Guedj 38.31% 53.36% Yes
Essonne (7) La France insoumise Claire Lejeune 35.03% 49.66% No
Essonne (8) La France insoumise Émilie Chazette-Guillet 30.50% 42.74% No
Essonne (9) Europe Écologie Les Verts Nadhéra Beletreche 32.44% 48.73% No
Essonne (10) La France insoumise Antoine Léaument 37.27% 55.21% Yes
Hauts-de-Seine (1) Parti communiste français Elsa Faucillon (incumbent)[166] 54.26% 70.17% Yes
Hauts-de-Seine (2) Europe Écologie Les Verts Francesca Pasquini 27.41% 35.55% Yes
Hauts-de-Seine (3) La France insoumise Sara Tij 23.10% 24.73% No
Hauts-de-Seine (4) Europe Écologie Les Verts Sabrina Sebaihi[167] 36.00% 51.00% Yes
Hauts-de-Seine (5) La France insoumise Léa Druet 28.78 40.27% No
Hauts-de-Seine (6) La France insoumise Julie Barbaux 15.47% 25.81% No
Hauts-de-Seine (7) La France insoumise
Révolution écologique pour le vivant
Sandro Rato 18.42% 29.74% No
Hauts-de-Seine (8) La France insoumise Annie Laroque-Conoy 24.25% 34.25% No
Hauts-de-Seine (9) Europe Écologie Les Verts Pauline Rapilly Ferniot[168][169] 17.63% N/A No
Hauts-de-Seine (10) Parti socialiste Cécile Soubelet[166] 30.75% 40.15% No
Hauts-de-Seine (11) La France insoumise Aurélien Saintoul[166] 23.11% 54.76% Yes
Hauts-de-Seine (12) La France insoumise Cathy Thomas 29.72% 42.47% No
Hauts-de-Seine (13) Parti socialiste Brice Gaillard[166] 27.91% 40.89% No
Seine-Saint-Denis (1) La France insoumise Éric Coquerel (incumbent) 53.79% 71.69% Yes
Seine-Saint-Denis (2) Parti communiste français Stéphane Peu (incumbent) 62.85% 78.70% Yes
Seine-Saint-Denis (3) La France insoumise Thomas Portes 34.06% 53.96% Yes
Seine-Saint-Denis (4) Parti communiste français Soumya Bourouaha 36.13% N/A[lower-alpha 9] Yes
Seine-Saint-Denis (5) La France insoumise Raquel Garrido 37.90% 53.50% Yes
Seine-Saint-Denis (6) La France insoumise Bastien Lachaud (incumbent) 56.61% 75.40% Yes
Seine-Saint-Denis (7) La France insoumise Alexis Corbière (incumbent) 62.94% N/A Yes
Seine-Saint-Denis (8) Parti socialiste Fatiha Keloua-Hachi 35.31% 53.57% Yes
Seine-Saint-Denis (9) La France insoumise Aurélie Trouvé 53.53% 69.24% Yes
Seine-Saint-Denis (10) La France insoumise Nadège Abomangoli 39.71% 55.53% Yes
Seine-Saint-Denis (11) La France insoumise Clémentine Autain (incumbent) 46.15% N/A[lower-alpha 9] Yes
Seine-Saint-Denis (12) La France insoumise Jérôme Legarve 30.83% 51.11% Yes
Val-de-Marne (1) La France insoumise Thierry Guintrand[170] 27.84% 40.91% No
Val-de-Marne (2) La France insoumise Clémence Guetté[170] 47.46% 64.20% Yes
Val-de-Marne (3) La France insoumise Louis Boyard[170] 31.57% 51.98% Yes
Val-de-Marne (4) La France insoumise Mirabelle Lemaire[170] 29.65% 44.02% No
Val-de-Marne (5) Parti communiste français Julien Léger[170] 31.58% 43.53% No
Val-de-Marne (6) Europe Écologie Les Verts May Bouhada[170] 36.26% 45.64% No
Val-de-Marne (7) La France insoumise Rachel Kéké[170] 37.22% 50.30% Yes
Val-de-Marne (8) La France insoumise Erik Pages[170] 28.16% 36.73% No
Val-de-Marne (9) Parti socialiste Isabelle Santiago (incumbent) 48.27% 67.25% Yes
Val-de-Marne (10) La France insoumise Mathilde Panot (incumbent) 54.84% 67.63% Yes
Val-de-Marne (11) Génération.s Sophie Taillé-Polian[170] 48.83% 63.32% Yes
Val-d'Oise (1) La France insoumise Leïla Ivorra 28.20% 47.47% No
Val-d'Oise (2) La France insoumise Sylvie Geoffroy-Martin 27.10% 46.75% No
Val-d'Oise (3) Génération écologie Carine Pelegrin 28.96% 47.84% No
Val-d'Oise (4) La France insoumise Karine Lacouture 30.67% 46.57% No
Val-d'Oise (5) La France insoumise Paul Vannier 44.80% 63.71% Yes
Val-d'Oise (6) La France insoumise Gabrielle Cathala 29.84% 46.53% No
Val-d'Oise (7) Parti socialiste Romain Eskenazi 31.59% 49.63% No
Val-d'Oise (8) La France insoumise Carlos Bilongo 37.10% 61.72% Yes
Val-d'Oise (9) La France insoumise Arnaud Le Gall 29.13% 56.42% Yes
Val-d'Oise (10) Les Nouveaux Démocrates Aurélien Taché (incumbent) 32.85% 55.76% Yes
Martinique (1) N/A No NUPES candidate[lower-alpha 10] - - -
Martinique (2) N/A No NUPES candidate[lower-alpha 10] - - -
Martinique (3) La France Insoumise Theirry Renard 13.90% N/A No
Martinique (4) Péyi-A Jean-Philippe Nilor (incumbent) 43.99% 71.40% Yes
Guadeloupe (1) N/A No NUPES candidate[lower-alpha 11] - - -
Guadeloupe (2) N/A No NUPES candidate[lower-alpha 11] - - -
Guadeloupe (3) N/A No NUPES candidate[lower-alpha 11] - - -
Guadeloupe (4) N/A No NUPES candidate[lower-alpha 12] - - -
Guyane (1) - N/A No NUPES candidate[lower-alpha 13] - - -
Guyane (2) - N/A No NUPES candidate[lower-alpha 13] - - -
Réunion (1) Parti socialiste Philippe Naillet (incumbent) 33.47% 60.68% Yes
Réunion (2) Pour La Réunion Karine Lebon (incumbent) 42.89% 69.40% Yes
Réunion (3) La France insoumise Alex Chaussalet 16.57% N/A No
Réunion (4) La France Insoumise Emeline K/Bidi 36.11% 61.33% Yes
Réunion (5) La France Insoumise
Rézistans Égalité 974
Jean-Hugues Ratenon (incumbent) 36.38% 62.81% Yes
Réunion (6) Divers gauche Frédéric Maillot 23.88% 52.99% Yes
Réunion (7) La France Insoumise Perceval Gaillard 20.82% 51.24% Yes
Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon (1) La France Insoumise Olivier Gaston 29.59% 49.66% No
Mayotte (1) Pôle écologisteDivers gauche Yasmina Aouny 8.54% N/A No
Mayotte (2) Pôle écologisteDivers gauche Ali Djaroudi 4.94% N/A No
Saint Barthélemy and Saint-Martin (1) N/A No NUPES candidate[lower-alpha 10] - - -
Wallis and Futuna (1) N/A No NUPES candidate[lower-alpha 10] - - -
French Polynesia (1) Tavini Huiraatira Temata'i Le Gayic 20.10% 50.88% Yes
French Polynesia (2) Tavini Huiraatira Steve Chailloux 28.78% 58.90% Yes
French Polynesia (3) Tavini Huiraatira Moetai Brotherson (incumbent) 34.26% 62.90% Yes
New Caledonia (1) N/A No NUPES candidate[lower-alpha 14] - - -
New Caledonia (2) N/A No NUPES candidate[lower-alpha 14] - - -
French Overseas Citizens (1) La France insoumise Florence Roger 33.43% 44.37% No
French Overseas Citizens (2) La France insoumise Christian Rodriguez 28.20% 42.58% No
French Overseas Citizens (3) Europe Écologie Les Verts Charlotte Minvielle 31.46% 44.20% No
French Overseas Citizens (4) Parti socialiste Cécilia Gondard 32.47% 44.85% No
French Overseas Citizens (5) Europe Écologie Les Verts Renaud Le Berre 27.89% 42.74% No
French Overseas Citizens (6) La France insoumise Magali Mangin 20.28% 35.03% No
French Overseas Citizens (7) La France insoumise Asma Rharmaoui-Claquin 26.06% 39.79% No
French Overseas Citizens (8) La France insoumise Isabelle Rivolet 18.84% N/A No
French Overseas Citizens (9) Génération.s Karim Ben Cheïkh 39.99% 54.07% Yes
French Overseas Citizens (10) La France insoumise Chantal Moussa 22.54% 36.42% No
French Overseas Citizens (11) Parti communiste français Dominique Vidal 24.79% 38.27% No

Dissident candidates

A number of candidates, mostly from the PS, announced their intention to stand for election even against a NUPES-backed candidate. Xavier Perrin, a PS candidate in Loire-Atlantique's 8th constituency, said he would remain a candidate against Matthias Tavel of La France Insoumise and NUPES.[171] The four PS candidates in Dordogne also announced they would remain in the campaign despite the appointment of non-PS NUPES candidates in their constituencies.[172] Michèle Picard, the PCF candidate in Rhône's 14th constituency, declared that she would continue her candidacy despite the appointment of another NUPES candidate, Taha Bouhafs.[173] After a PS dissident entered the same race, Bouhafs withdrew, and Picard hoped to become the official NUPES candidate.[174] Picard eventually withdrew from the race and supported the alternative LFI candidate.[175] Lamia El Aaraje, the PS incumbent in Paris's 15th constituency, also announced that she was proceeding with her candidacy despite the appointment of NUPES candidate Danielle Simonnet.[176] PS incumbent Sylvie Tolmont stood in Sarthe's 4th constituency.[177]

As of 10 June, there were six EELV dissident candidates, 62 PS dissident candidates—including two PS dissidents in the same constituency—and 11 PCF dissident candidates running against NUPES-endorsed candidates. There were also four LFI dissidents running against NUPES candidates, including incumbent Muriel Ressiguier.[178] Overall, the dissident candidates, especially from the PS, performed poorly in the first round of the election; only 15 dissident candidates, of the over 70 running, qualified for the second round, mainly from rural constituencies and overseas.[9]

Patrick Mennucci, member of the PS minority current Debout socialiste and an opponent of the NUPES accord, said that the result proved that "if the PS had led its game out of NUPES, it would have had at least as many deputies, and perhaps more voters, those who could not bring themselves to vote [LFI]. All this, without being in the hands of LFI." Despite criticism of Mélenchon on the evening of the first round, Delga announced her support for NUPES candidates in second-round elections where dissident candidates were not present.[9] In response to Delga, Narassiguin said the result of the first round marked "the failure of those who had campaigned on the theme 'NUPES is not my left'. They are seen as dividers." Philippe Doucet, a NUPES opponent within the PS, said that "the dynamics of [NUPES] are strong", that dissidents "did not play much", and the legislative elections "have become totally presidential". He added that he feared the second round would become an "anti-Mélenchon referendum", which in his view would harm PS candidates.[179]

Ideology and platform

The coalition has been characterised as leftist.[180][181][182] The participants share several proposals, including the increase in the minimum wage after tax to €1,500 per month, the return to retirement at 60, the freezing of the prices of basic necessities, ecological development, and the establishment of a Sixth Republic (France being in its Fifth Republic).[183] The coalition aims to obtain a majority in the National Assembly in order to impose cohabitation on President Emmanuel Macron and to have Jean-Luc Mélenchon appointed as prime minister.[10][16][184] Some PS members regarded participation in the European Union as a "red line" and a compromise was reached, with the coalition embracing a "common goal" of changing the European Union from a "liberal and productivist" project to one "in the service of ... ecology and solidarity".[185]

Members of the coalition have pledged to jointly support 95% of the programme's proposals once in the parliament, while for the remaining 5%, particularly on the nuclear issue, they are given independence.[186][187] 170 economists signed a letter in support of the union's economic programme.[188][189][190]

Electoral history

Legislative elections

National Assembly
Election year Leader First round Second round Seats Role in government
Votes % Votes %
2022 Jean-Luc Mélenchon 5,857,364 25.7 6,556,198 31.6
131 / 577
Opposition

Reactions

While the French Left hailed the negotiations as historic, it was not without criticism for the coalition's perceived Euroscepticism and alleged break with the social-democratic left and Socialist Party (PS) values. Libération criticised the coalition for its perceived Euroscepticism, calling such positions "a historical mistake" and arguing that "the Left must proclaim loud and clear its commitment to the European Union".[191] L'Humanité praised the coalition as "a historical rally".[192]

According to an Elabe survey commissioned by BFM TV, 84% of left-leaning people supported NUPES.[193] A number of French economists, such as Julia Cagé, Bernard Friot, and Thomas Piketty, also reacted favorably to the union and its economic programme, and published a column in support on Le Journal du Dimanche.[194]

PS majority and social-democratic left

Many PS mayors have supported NUPES and called for the PS to join the alliance.[195] Nantes mayor Johanna Rolland attributed the failure of the PS and the left, including La France Insoumise (LFI), to reach the second round in the 2022 French presidential election to PS's failure to form a union with LFI.[196] Among PS mayors, Nathalie Appéré (Rennes), Benoît Arrivé (Cherbourg-en-Cotentin), Olivier Bianchi (Clermont-Ferrand), Mathieu Klein (Nancy), Benoît Payan (Marseille), Nicolas Mayer-Rossignol (Rouen), and Cédric Van Styvendael (Villeurbanne) published a forum expressing their support for NUPES while reaffirming a "deep attachment to the idea" of European integration.[197] Lille mayor Martine Aubry called on the PS to join NUPES whilst saying that it does not "correspond in all respects to [her] deep convictions".[198][199] Such support for a union with LFI was thought to have gone against the positions of many tenets and historical figures of the PS, including François Hollande, the PS former president of France, and Bernard Cazeneuve, the PS former prime minister of France.[200] During the party's National Council on 5 May, the agreement was ratified and the PS joined NUPES. At the event, many PS personalities approved the union, notably Christophe Clergeau, Corinne Narassiguin,[22] and Laurence Rossignol.[23] Olivier Faure, the PS First-Secretary, welcomed the accord.[201]

André Laignel, the vice-president of the Association of Mayors of France, said that the traditional centre-left parties (PS and EELV) represent greater local support than their results in the 2022 presidential election showed. He encouraged a union between the PS and other forces of the left, saying, "it is clear that if the left is not united, it is going to be defeated".[202] 2007 presidential candidate Ségolène Royal said she supported NUPES, acknowledging LFI's hegemony on the left;[203] she criticised the disunity of the left at the time of the presidential election, arguing that it was a "lack of responsibility", and called for a tactical vote for Mélenchon.[204] Stéphane Troussel, the PS president of the Departmental Council of Seine-Saint-Denis, condemned disunity and called for the PS to join NUPES; he said that not finding an agreement would be a mistake. 1995 presidential candidate Lionel Jospin said he supported NUPES but wished the nomination in the 15th arrondissement of Paris to go to the outgoing PS deputy Lamia El Aaraje.[205]

Journalist and Place Publique politician Raphaël Glucksmann announced his support for NUPES, arguing that he wanted to avoid a majority of President Emmanuel Macron's La République En Marche! (LREM), which formed Ensemble Citoyens, and of the National Rally (RN). While mentioning his many disagreements with LFI and that he does not favour Mélenchon as prime minister ("I don't chant 'Mélenchon Prime Minister' every morning"), he said he would do "everything so that the maximum number of solidarity, humanist, and environmentalist voices can be heard from this summer in the Assembly".[206] New Deal withdrew all of its candidates and declared its support for NUPES.[207]

PS minority and social-democratic left

According to Le Monde, disapproval and dissension to join NUPES have been a minority in the PS, and are due to political figures from older currents of the party, in particular those close to Hollande, commonly called the "Elephants of the Socialist Party";[199] centre-left dissent was driven by some regional success against LFI and represented by Carole Delga, a PS member and the president of Occitania, and Anne Hidalgo, the PS mayor of Paris and 2022 presidential candidate.[208] The press often called such dissent press the "new slingers",[209] an expression taken up by Stéphane Le Foll, who said that if the PS "continues to be what it is today, I will leave".[210] He said that he does not believe in a victory for NUPES at the 2022 French legislative election; for him, it is "a fable, ... a decoy", stating that by negotiating with LFI, the PS is "turning its back on its entire history".[211]

At the start of negotiations with the PS, Hollande evoked the risk of the erasure of the PS, saying that the agreement was not acceptable and that it "calls into question the very principles which are the foundations of socialist commitment".[212] Mélenchon responded by saying that "while the train of history is passing, he remains at the track". Hollande called any union of the PS and LFI "unacceptable",[213] leading Mélenchon to call Hollande a "total has-been".[214] Speaking to Hollande in a program where he was invited, TV host Patrick Cohen contested his analysis by recalling that the PS had already promoted in its history, such as under François Mitterrand and Lionel Jospin, a line of rupture and assumed a challenge to the European treaties; he said that NUPES does not "break with the tradition of the PS ... but turns its back on François Hollande's five-year term".[215]

Over 1,000 PS members called for Faure to back out of negotiations.[216] Hidalgo lobbied against the union and called for a union of the left, excluding Mélenchon and his party.[217] Cazeneuve announced his resignation from the party on 3 May 2022 due to the negotiations.[218] In the wake of the PS joining the union, Delga warned NUPES that she would support "independent socialists" who ran against non-PS NUPES candidates. As part of the NUPES accord, the PS received six seats out of the 49 in Occitania, which Delga believed was not a "fair representation" for the party in the region.[219]

In a letter to party activists, Guillaume Lacroix of the Radical Party of the Left announced that it would not join the coalition, and criticised the parties that did so, claiming that they had betrayed their values. He also wrote that he feared he was witnessing "the death of the social-democratic left".[220] The Movement of Progressives, formerly part of the Ecologist Pole, was also critical of the agreement, saying, "negotiating with FI constitutes an intolerable betrayal by irresponsible apparatchiks".[221]

Extra-parliamentary left

The New Anticapitalist Party reacted negatively to the PS's potential inclusion in the union, saying that it does not believe the PS is a force for social change;[222] it failed to negotiate an agreement with NUPES and ran its own candidates separately, whilst supporting the union's more left-wing candidates.[27] Opposition also came from Lutte Ouvrière, which announced that the party would run its own slate separate from NUPES, and accused the union of reformism.[222]

Presidential majority

François Bayrou commented that this agreement was "an extremely sad event", citing the pact's perceived Euroscepticism, which according to him would lead to "the end of Europe", and Mélenchon's desire to leave NATO. LREM deputies, in particular Aurore Bergé and Sacha Houlié, were critical of NUPES.[223] LREM members seek to discredit NUPES by highlighting the heterogeneity of their ideological positions. While hoping that LFI could serve as a foil for pro-European voters who could then mobilize for LREM, they regretted the union, considering its "undeniable power in the first round", and recalled that they had benefited from the left's disunity in certain constituencies in the 2017 French legislative election.[224] Stanislas Guerini, general delegate of Renaissance and Ensemble Citoyens of the presidential majority, made an appeal to PS members opposed to the union, asking them to "join us".[225]

After the first round, having criticized Mélenchon for calling on voters not to vote for Marine Le Pen (instead of a full-endorsement of Macron) in the 2022 French presidential election, the presidential majority faced a choice in contests between left-wing and far-right candidates. Party officials said they would decide on a "case-by-case basis".[226] Élisabeth Borne, Prime Minister of France, said: "Our position is not a single vote for the RN." At the same time, she expressed support only for NUPES candidates who in her view respect republican values.[227][228]

See also

Notes

  1. French pronunciation: [nypɛs], [nyp], [nyps]
  2. This discrepancy is because Le Monde counts deputies elected from overseas territories that were backed by NUPES but not formally part of the coalition as NUPES members, while the Ministry of the Interior only counts deputies elected from formal members of the coalition.
  3. Exhaustive lists of candidates are maintained by Le Monde and Ce Sera NUPES.
  4. Ce Sera NUPES lists PS candidate Angélique Sussini as the NUPES candidate; she is not listed on NUPES's official list of candidates.
  5. Ce Sera NUPES lists PS candidate Ghislaine Salmat as the NUPES candidate; she is not listed on NUPES's official list of candidates.
  6. Ce Sera NUPES lists LFI candidate Dominqiue Mauny as the NUPES candidate; she is not listed on NUPES's official list of candidates.
  7. Ce Sera NUPES lists former PS candidate Brigitte Sassou as the NUPES candidate; she has withdrawn her candidacy and was never invested by NUPES, as with the other Corsican constituencies.
  8. Candidate qualified for the second round, but withdrew their candidacy before the second round.
  9. This candidate was elected after their second-round opponent withdrew.
  10. NUPES did not invest a candidate in this constituency.
  11. NUPES did not invest a candidate in any of Guadeloupe's constituencies.
  12. Élie Califer, candidate for the Plural Left elected in the first round, claims to be a member of NUPES but was not listed on any official lists of NUPES candidates.
  13. NUPES did not invest a candidate in either of French Guiana's constituencies.
  14. NUPES did not invest a candidate in either of New Caledonia's constituencies.

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