Ngā Oho

Ngā Oho, also known as Ngā Ohomatakamokamo-o-Ohomairangi, is the name of a historical iwi (tribe) of Māori who settled in the Auckland Region. In the 17th century, Ngā Oho and two other tribes of shared heritage, Ngā Riki and Ngā Iwi, formed the Waiohua confederation of tribes.

Ngā Oho
Iwi (tribe) in Māoridom
Rohe (region)Tāmaki Makaurau
Waka (canoe)Tainui, Arawa, Te Moekākara

History

The name Ngā Oho was one of the earlier tribal names used by Tāmaki Māori people, descended from the legendary Tainui tohunga/navigator Rakatāura (also known as Hape),[1] and Te Arawa.[2] The name predates the migration canoes, and was the shared tribal identity of the members of the Tainui and Arawa canoes.[3] Ngā Oho was used as a unifying name for Tainui peoples in Tāmaki Makaurau.[4] By the 14th century, Ngā Oho had settled in the Waitākere Ranges area.[5] Ngā Oho's rohe once spanned from Cape Rodney/Okakari Point near Leigh to Tauranga.[2]

The iwi is named either after one of two historical rangatira Ohomairangi, or Ohomatakamokamo.[1] Ohomatakamokamo was an ariki who lived at Rarotonga / Mount Smart, conquering the Tāmaki Makaurau area.[6] Ohomatakamokamo's descendants settled on the Tāmaki isthmus, Waitākere Ranges and the southern shores of the Kaipara Harbour.[6]

At a later date, Ngā Oho split into three tribes: Ngā Oho based at Papakura, Ngā Riki based in South Auckland between Papakura and Ōtāhuhu/Ihumātao, and Ngā Iwi, who were based between Ihumātao and from Ōtāhuhu to the North Shore.[7] Within Ngā Oho, there were a number of hapū (sub-tribes), including Ngāti Taihaua, Ngāti Poutukeka and Ngāi Riukiuta.[8]

In the 17th century, Hua Kaiwaka, a member of the Ngati Poutūkeka hapū of Ngā Oho, unified the three tribes of Ngā Oho, Ngā Riki and Ngā Iwi.[9] The confederation began to be known as Waiohua ("The Waters of Huakaiwaka"),[10] and this unification led to one of the most prosperous times for the Tāmaki Makaurau area.[11][12] During the Waiohua confederation, Ngā Oho, Ngā Riki and Ngā Iwi continued to have distinct identities while being a part of Waiohua as a whole.[13]

The Waiohua confederation ceased being the most powerful influence in the Auckland region in the mid-18th century, after Waiohua paramount chief Kiwi Tāmaki was killed while battling Te Taoū and Ngāti Whātua warriors from south Kaipara Harbour.[14]

When Ngāti Whātua settled the Tāmaki isthmus in the mid-18th century, the name Ngā Oho was revived, as a way to describe a group of Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei of shared Te Taoū/Ngāti Whātua and Waiohua heritage.[15]

Descendent iwi and hapū and marae

Many iwi and hapū trace their lineage back to Ngā Oho, including:

References
  1. Pishief, Dr Elizabeth; Adam, John (2015). "Te Tātua a Riukiuta Three Kings Heritage Study" (PDF). Auckland Council. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
  2. Taonui, Rāwiri (8 February 2005). "The tribes of Tāmaki". Te Ara. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
  3. Alan J. La Roche (2011). Grey's Folly: A History of Howick, Pakuranga, Bucklands-Eastern Beaches, East Tamaki, Whitford, Beachlands and Maraetai. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-473-18547-3.
  4. Heritage Department of the Auckland Regional Council. "Duder Regional Park - Our History" (PDF). Auckland Council. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
  5. Murdoch, Graeme (1992). "Wai Karekare - 'The Bay of the Boisterous Seas'". In Northcote-Bade, James (ed.). West Auckland Remembers, Volume 2. West Auckland Historical Society. pp. 13–14. ISBN 0-473-01587-0.
  6. Murdoch, Graeme (1990). "Nga Tohu o Waitakere: the Maori Place Names of the Waitakere River Valley and its Environs; their Background History and an Explanation of their Meaning". In Northcote-Bade, James (ed.). West Auckland Remembers, Volume 1. West Auckland Historical Society. pp. 12–14. ISBN 0-473-00983-8.
  7. "The History of Our Marae". Makaurau Marae. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
  8. Waitākere Ranges Local Board (October 2015). "Local Area Plan: Te Henga (Bethells Beach) and the Waitākere River Valley. Waitākere Ranges Heritage Area" (PDF). Auckland Council. ISBN 978-0-908320-17-2. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
  9. Mackintosh, Lucy (2021). Shifting Grounds: Deep Histories of Tāmaki Makaurau Auckland. Bridget Williams Books. p. 28. doi:10.7810/9781988587332. ISBN 978-1-988587-33-2.
  10. High Court of New Zealand (9 February 2021). "In the High Court of New Zealand: Auckland Registry CIV-2015-404-002033 Between Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei Trust and Attorney-General and Marutūāhu Rōpū Limited Partnership" (PDF). Retrieved 1 March 2022 – via Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei.
  11. Patterson, Malcolm (February 2021). "Ngāti Te Ata Cultural Values Assessment Report" (PDF). Environmental Protection Authority. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  12. Margaret, McClure (6 December 2007). "Auckland region - Māori history". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
  13. Fox, Aileen (1977). "Pa of the Auckland Isthmus: An Archaeological Analysis". Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum. 14: 1–24. ISSN 0067-0464.
  14. Stone, R. C. J. (2001). From Tamaki-makau-rau to Auckland. Auckland University Press. p. 36-45. ISBN 1-86940-259-6.
  15. "ca 1765". Manukau's Journey - Ngā Tapuwae o Manukau. Auckland Libraries Heritage Collections. MJ_0020. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  16. Ngāti Manuhiri; The Crown (21 May 2011). "Deed of Settlement of Historical Claims" (PDF). New Zealand Government. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  17. Māngere-Ōtāhuhu Local Board (21 June 2017). "Māngere-Ōtāhuhu Local Board Open Agenda" (PDF). Auckland Council. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
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