Nguyễn Phúc Khoát

Nguyễn Phúc Khoát (26 September 1714 – 7 July 1765) was one of the Nguyễn lords who ruled over the southern portion of Vietnam from the 16th-18th centuries. Also known as Chúa Võ (主武) or Võ vương (武王)[1][2][3][4][5] (roughly Martial Prince), he continued the southern expansion undertaken by his predecessor, Nguyễn Phúc Trú. Provinces and districts originally belonging to Cambodia were taken by Võ vương. The Vietnamese-Cambodian border established by the end of his reign remains the border today.[6][7] The de jure pretense of loyalty to the Lê dynasty was performed by Võ vương.[8]

Nguyễn Phúc Khoát
阮福濶
Nguyễn lords
Lord of Cochinchina
Nguyễn Lords
Reign1738–1765
PredecessorNguyễn Phúc Trú
SuccessorNguyễn Phúc Thuần
Born(1714-09-26)26 September 1714
Died7 July 1765(1765-07-07) (aged 50)
Cochinchina
SpouseTrương Thị Dung
Trần Thị Xạ
Nguyễn Phúc Ngọc Cầu
IssueNguyễn Phúc Chương
Nguyễn Phúc Luân (father of Gia Long)
Nguyễn Phúc Hạo (father of Nguyễn Phúc Dương)
Nguyễn Phúc Thuần
Names
Nguyễn Phúc Khoát (阮福濶)
Regnal name
Võ Vương (武王)
Posthumous name
Kiền Cương Uy Đoán thần Nghị Thánh Du Nhân Từ Duệ Trí Hiếu Vũ Hoàng Đế
乾剛威斷神毅聖猷仁慈睿智孝武皇帝
Temple name
Thế Tông (世宗)
HouseNguyễn Phúc
FatherNguyễn Phúc Chú
MotherTrương Thị Thư
ReligionBuddhism

In 1747, Võ vương sent a number of Vietnamese warriors to aid rebel princes of Cambodia against the newly crowned Cambodian King Ang Tong. These forces seized Sóc Trăng town and then moved towards Oudong, then royal capital of Cambodia. Ang Tong requested aid from Mạc Thiên Tứ, who secured a truce with the Nguyễn lord, in exchange for a few more provinces, namely Gò Công and Tân An. Ten years later, the Cambodian throne was seized by Outey II, with the help of Nguyễn and Mac. In return for their contributions, he granted them seven provinces, including Sóc Trăng, Trà Vinh, Kampot, and Kompong Som.

Võ vương died in 1765, and was succeeded by his sixteenth son, Nguyễn Phúc Thuần.[9] The presumed heir was originally his second son Chuong Vo.[10] After his death, his demise was taken advantage of by the Tay Son and its subsequent rebellion later in 1778.[11]

Culture

Trousers and tunics on the Chinese pattern in 1774 were ordered by the Võ vương Emperor to replace the traditional Vietnamese skirt of women.[12] However, Han-Chinese clothing are assembled by several pieces of clothing including both pants and skirts called Qun (裙) or chang (裳) which is a part of Hanfu garments throughout the history of Han Chinese clothing. The Chinese Han, Tang and Ming dynasty clothing was referred by Võ vương.[13]

Missionaries and Christianity were banned by Võ vương in 1750,[14] however he did listened to music by western missionaries.[15]

References
  1. Ingo Barens; Volker Caspari; Bertram Schefold (1 January 2004). Political Events and Economic Ideas. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 406–. ISBN 978-1-84542-152-6.
  2. Elijah Coleman Bridgman; Samuel Wells Willaims (1847). The Chinese Repository. proprietors. pp. 585–.
  3. Journal of the North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. Kelly & Walsh. 1882. pp. 57–.
  4. Sir James Haldane Stewart Lockhart; G. B. Glover (1898). The Currency of the Farther East from the Earliest Times Up to the Present Day. Noronha & Company. pp. 51–.
  5. George Edson Dutton (2006). The Tây S_n Uprising: Society and Rebellion in Eighteenth-century Vietnam. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 279–. ISBN 978-0-8248-2984-1.
  6. George Coedes (15 May 2015). The Making of South East Asia (RLE Modern East and South East Asia). Taylor & Francis. pp. 175–. ISBN 978-1-317-45094-8.
  7. G. Coedes; George Cœdès (1966). The Making of South East Asia. University of California Press. pp. 213–. ISBN 978-0-520-05061-7.
  8. Victor Lieberman (26 May 2003). Strange Parallels: Volume 1, Integration on the Mainland: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c.800–1830. Cambridge University Press. pp. 419–. ISBN 978-1-139-43762-2.
  9. Anh Thư Hà, Hồng Đức Trần A Brief Chronology of Vietnam's History 2000 p.166 "He was the sixteenth son of Nguyễn Phúc Khoát. At first, Nguyễn Phúc Khoát chose his ninth son Phúc Hiệu as the Heir Apparent, but Phúc Hiệu died at a young age while Nguyễn Phúc Dương, Phúc Hiện̉s son, was still an infant."
  10. Alastair Lamb (June 1970). The Mandarin road to old Hué: narratives of Anglo-Vietnamese diplomacy from the 17th century to the eve of the French conquest. Archon Books. p. 89.
  11. Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society: 1961. The Branch. 1961. p. 32.
  12. Anthony Reid (9 May 1990). Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce, 1450-1680: The Lands Below the Winds. Yale University Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-300-04750-9.
  13. Jayne Werner; John K. Whitmore; George Dutton (21 August 2012). Sources of Vietnamese Tradition. Columbia University Press. pp. 295–. ISBN 978-0-231-51110-0.
  14. Nicholas Belfield Dennys (1890). The China Review, Or, Notes and Queries on the Far East. "China Mail" Office. pp. 25–.
  15. Tamkang Review. Graduate Institute of Western Languages and Literature Research, Tamkang College of Arts and Sciences. 2001. p. 32.

Sources
  • Coedes, G. (1962). The Making of South-east Asia. London: Cox & Wyman Ltd. p213.
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