Demographics of Niger

Demographic features of Nigeriens, the people of Niger, include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

This article is about the people of Niger. It is not to be confused with Nigerians, the people of Nigeria.
Demographics of Niger
Population pyramid of Niger in 2020
Population24,484,587 (2022 est.)
Growth rate3.66% (2022 est.)
Birth rate47.08 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate9.87 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy60.09 years
 • male58.55 years
 • female61.68 years
Fertility rate6.82 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate66.81 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate-0.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years50.58%
65 and over2.68%
Nationality
NationalityNigerien
Language
OfficialFrench

The largest ethnic groups in Niger are the Hausa, who also constitute the major ethnic group in northern Nigeria, and the Zarma Songhai (also spelled Djerma-Songhai), who also are found in parts of Mali. Both groups are sedentary farmers who live in the arable, southern tier. The Kanouri (including Beri Beri, Manga) make up the majority of sedentary population in the far southeast of the nation. The remainder of the Nigerien people are nomadic or seminomadic livestock-raising peoples—Tuareg, Fulani,[1] Toubou and Diffa Arabs. With rapidly growing populations and the consequent competition for meager natural resources, lifestyles of these two types of peoples have come increasingly into conflict in Niger in recent years. Some white French people live in the country due to Niger being a former colony of France.

Niger's high infant mortality rate is comparable to levels recorded in neighboring countries. However, the child mortality rate (deaths among children between the ages of 1 and 4) is exceptionally high (274 per 1,000) due to generally poor health conditions and inadequate nutrition for most of the country's children. Niger's very high total fertility rate (6.89 children born per woman, which is the highest in the world[2]), nonetheless, means that nearly half (49%) of the Nigerien population is under age 15. School attendance is low (34%), including 38% of males and 27% of females. Additional education occurs through Koranic schools.

Population
Demographics of Niger, Data of Our World in Data, year 2022 ; Number of inhabitants in millions.
YearPopulation

(persons)

 %+
1960 3,240,000 —
1970 4,210,000 29.9%
1980 5,578,000 32.5%
1990 7,754,610 39.0%
2000 10,492,569 35.3%
2010 15,203,822 44.9%

Source: Institut National de la Statistique - Niger[3]

Census results
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1 100,000—    
1500 1,000,000+900.0%
1900 1,700,000+70.0%
1977 5,102,990+200.2%
1988 7,251,626+42.1%
2001 11,060,291+52.5%
2012 17,138,707+55.0%

UN estimates
Estimated population, fertility rate and net reproduction rate by year according to United Nations estimates

According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects[4][5] the total population was 25,252,722 in 2021, compared to only 2 462 000 in 1950. The proportion of children and teenagers below the age of 15 in 2010 was 49%, 48.8% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while only 2.2% was 65 years or older.[6]

Total population Population aged 0–14 (%) Population aged 15–64 (%) Population aged 65+ (%)
1950 2 462 00049.549.60.9
1955 2 834 00048.151.10.8
1960 3 250 00047.151.81.1
1965 3 766 00046.951.71.3
1970 4 373 00047.750.81.5
1975 5 071 00048.150.31.6
1980 5 871 00048.050.31.7
1985 6 744 00048.249.91.9
1990 7 788 00048.349.72.0
1995 9 179 00048.349.62.1
2000 10 922 00048.549.42.1
2005 12 994 00048.949.02.1
2010 15 512 00049.048.82.2

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2017):[7]

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 10 296 315 10 354 759 20 651 074 100
0–4 2 079 319 2 032 648 4 111 966 19.91
5–9 1 845 949 1 754 522 3 600 471 17.43
10–14 1 503 877 1 449 930 2 953 806 14.30
15–19 1 073 645 1 060 174 2 133 819 10.33
20–24 820 282 878 703 1 698 985 8.23
25–29 619 222 676 218 1 295 439 6.27
30–34 510 322 538 449 1 048 771 5.08
35–39 420 240 455 969 876 209 4.24
40–44 339 682 369 270 708 952 3.43
45–49 274 985 286 234 561 219 2.72
50–54 230 659 244 922 475 582 2.30
55–59 181 127 185 004 366 130 1.77
60–64 134 934 140 036 274 970 1.33
65-69 96 579 100 335 196 914 0.95
70-74 70 314 76 325 146 638 0.71
75-79 48 176 51 958 100 134 0.48
80+ 47 003 54 062 101 065 0.49
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 5 429 145 5 237 100 10 666 245 51.65
15–64 4 605 098 4 834 979 9 440 077 45.71
65+ 262 072 282 680 544 752 2.64

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events in Niger is incomplete. The website Our World in Data prepared the following estimates based on statistics from the Population Department of the United Nations.[8]

Mid-year population (thousands) Live births (thousands) Deaths (thousands) Natural change (thousands) Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rate (TFR) Infant mortality (per 1000 live births) Life expectancy (in years)
1950 2 569   153   68   84 59.4 26.6 32.8 7.56 130.2 36.25
1951   2 660   158   72   86 59.3 27.0 32.3 7.56 130.3 36.21
1952   2 750   163   75   88 59.2 27.4 31.8 7.56 130.4 36.17
1953   2 839   168   78   89 59.0 27.6 31.4 7.55 130.5 36.13
1954   2 928   172   81   92 58.9 27.6 31.2 7.55 130.5 36.19
1955   3 019   177   84   94 58.7 27.7 31.1 7.55 130.5 36.22
1956   3 110   182   86   96 58.5 27.6 30.9 7.54 130.4 36.30
1957   3 203   187   88   99 58.4 27.6 30.8 7.54 130.4 36.33
1958   3 298   193   91   101 58.3 27.6 30.7 7.54 130.3 36.35
1959   3 396   198   94   104 58.2 27.6 30.6 7.53 130.2 36.35
1960   3 497   203   96   107 58.1 27.6 30.6 7.53 130.1 36.40
1961   3 603   209   99   110 57.9 27.4 30.5 7.51 130.0 36.56
1962   3 711   214   102   113 57.7 27.4 30.3 7.50 129.9 36.64
1963   3 823   220   104   115 57.5 27.3 30.2 7.49 129.9 36.74
1964   3 937   225   107   118 57.2 27.3 29.9 7.48 129.9 36.74
1965   4 054   230   110   120 56.8 27.2 29.5 7.47 129.9 36.75
1966   4 173   236   113   123 56.6 27.2 29.4 7.48 130.0 36.81
1967   4 294   242   117   125 56.3 27.1 29.2 7.49 130.0 36.83
1968   4 418   247   121   127 56.0 27.4 28.6 7.50 131.4 36.61
1969   4 543   254   126   128 55.8 27.6 28.2 7.51 132.7 36.35
1970   4 670   260   130   130 55.7 27.9 27.8 7.51 134.2 36.06
1971   4 797   267   138   129 55.7 28.7 27.0 7.52 136.8 35.29
1972   4 926   274   140   134 55.6 28.4 27.2 7.52 136.7 35.63
1973   5 059   281   144   138 55.6 28.4 27.2 7.53 137.6 35.70
1974   5 197   289   146   143 55.6 28.2 27.5 7.54 138.0 36.00
1975   5 339   297   148   149 55.7 27.7 28.0 7.54 137.6 36.59
1976   5 489   306   150   155 55.6 27.3 28.3 7.56 136.7 36.98
1977   5 645   315   151   163 55.7 26.8 28.9 7.60 135.4 37.64
1978   5 810   327   152   175 56.2 26.2 30.1 7.66 133.8 38.45
1979   5 987   340   154   186 56.7 25.7 31.0 7.72 132.5 39.20
1980   6 173   353   157   195 57.1 25.4 31.6 7.78 131.6 39.68
1981   6 366   365   161   204 57.3 25.2 32.0 7.82 131.4 40.17
1982   6 564   375   166   209 57.1 25.3 31.8 7.86 132.0 40.30
1983   6 767   385   172   214 56.9 25.4 31.5 7.90 133.2 40.36
1984   6 974   399   179   219 57.1 25.7 31.4 7.92 134.8 40.06
1985   7 188   409   186   224 56.9 25.8 31.1 7.93 136.1 40.03
1986   7 408   418   191   227 56.4 25.8 30.6 7.90 137.0 40.13
1987   7 637   429   195   235 56.2 25.5 30.7 7.87 137.3 40.43
1988   7 872   438   198   240 55.6 25.1 30.5 7.84 136.9 40.79
1989   8 116   448   200   248 55.2 24.7 30.6 7.82 135.8 41.22
1990   8 371   462   202   260 55.2 24.1 31.1 7.81 134.2 41.85
1991   8 635   473   204   269 54.8 23.7 31.1 7.80 132.1 42.22
1992   8 908   486   205   281 54.5 23.0 31.5 7.80 129.2 42.95
1993   9 193   499   204   295 54.3 22.2 32.0 7.79 125.8 43.82
1994   9 493   512   203   309 54.0 21.4 32.5 7.79 121.9 44.71
1995   9 814   531   201   329 54.1 20.5 33.5 7.78 117.5 45.77
1996   10 150   548   201   347 53.9 19.8 34.2 7.76 113.2 46.68
1997   10 494   564   200   363 53.7 19.1 34.6 7.76 109.2 47.51
1998   10 855   580   201   379 53.4 18.5 34.9 7.76 105.7 48.19
1999   11 231   595   202   393 53.0 18.0 35.0 7.75 102.4 48.74
2000   11 623   612   203   410 52.7 17.4 35.2 7.73 99.2 49.32
2001   12 031   629   204   425 52.2 16.9 35.3 7.70 95.9 49.84
2002   12 457   646   203   443 51.8 16.3 35.6 7.67 92.2 50.56
2003   12 901   664   201   464 51.5 15.5 35.9 7.65 88.2 51.43
2004   13 367   683   196   487 51.1 14.7 36.4 7.63 84.0 52.59
2005   13 855   702   193   509 50.6 13.9 36.7 7.62 80.0 53.59
2006   14 365   720   189   531 50.1 13.2 36.9 7.58 76.0 54.60
2007   14 898   741   186   555 49.7 12.5 37.2 7.56 72.2 55.55
2008   15 455   762   183   580 49.3 11.8 37.5 7.54 68.5 56.51
2009   16 038   784   180   605 48.9 11.2 37.7 7.51 65.0 57.40
2010   16 648   808   176   632 48.5 10.6 37.9 7.49 61.8 58.37
2011   17 283   830   175   654 48.0 10.1 37.8 7.45 58.8 58.99
2012   17 954   851   174   676 47.4 9.7 37.7 7.40 56.3 59.65
2013   18 653   879   174   705 47.1 9.3 37.8 7.34 54.1 60.24
2014   19 372   906   175   731 46.8 9.0 37.7 7.28 52.1 60.79
2015   20 128   937   177   760 46.6 8.8 37.8 7.21 50.4 61.08
2016   20 922   973   178   795 46.5 8.5 38.0 7.14 48.7 61.63
2017   21 738   1 008   179   829 46.4 8.2 38.1 7.08 47.3 62.16
2018   22 577   1 042   182   860 46.1 8.1 38.1 7.02 45.9 62.45
2019   23 443   1 076   184   892 45.9 7.8 38.0 6.96 44.5 62.90
2020   24 334   1 110   202   908 45.6 8.3 37.3 6.89 43.3 61.45
2021   25 253   1 144   206   939 45.3 8.1 37.2 6.82 42.2 61.58

Fertility and births

Total fertility rate (TFR; Wanted Fertility Rate) and crude birth rate (CBR):[9]

Year CBR total TFR total CBR urban TFR urban CBR rural TFR rural
1988 7.51
1992 7.37 (7,1) 6.71 (6,3) 7.52 (7,3)
1998 52.8 7.5 (7,2) 44.0 5.9 (5,6) 55.0 7.9 (7,7)
2006 46.1 7.1 (6,9) 40.7 6.0 (5,6) 47.1 7.4 (7,2)
2012 46.6 7.6 (6,8) 39.0 5.6 (4,7) 48.1 8.1 (7,3)

Fertility data as of 2012 (DHS Program):[10]

Region Total fertility rate Percentage of women age 15-49 currently pregnant Mean number of children ever born to women age 40-49
Agadez5.79.27.1
Diffa6.411.06.3
Dosso7.511.77.7
Maradi8.416.49.0
Tahoua7.313.07.5
Tillabéri7.915.67.8
Zinder8.517.38.6
Niamey5.39.65.9

Ethnic groups
Ethnic map of Niger:
  Hausa
  Zarma
  Tuareg
  Fulani
  Kanuri
  Toubou
  Arab
  Gurma
Population of Niger according to ethnic group in 1988, 2001 and 2021
Ethnic
group		 census 1988[11] census 2001[11] 2021 [12]
Number  % Number  % Number  %
Hausa3,770,92753.06,069,73155.412,534,66253.1
Zarma/Songhai proper1,511,34121.22,300,87421.05,004,42321.2
Tuareg739,20210.41,016,8839.32,596,63411.0
Fulani694,4289.8935,5178.51,534,3756.5
Kanuri316,4714.4513,1164.71,392,7405.9
Gurma19,7140.339,7970.4188,8460.8
Toubou31,4030.442,1720.494,4230.4
Arab24,1780.340,0850.494,4230.4
Other12,2650.25,9510.1212,4510.9
Total 7,119,929 10,964,126 23,605,767

Core health indicators
World Health Organization 2007 statistics: Core Health Indicators for Niger[13]
IndicatorValue(year)
Life expectancy at birth (years) males61.05(2015)
Life expectancy at birth (years) females62.9(2015)
Healthy life expectancy (HALE) at birth (years) males36.0(2002)
Healthy life expectancy (HALE) at birth (years) females35.0(2002)
Probability of dying (per 1 000 population) between 15 and 60 years (adult mortality rate) males502(2005)
Probability of dying (per 1 000 population) between 15 and 60 years (adult mortality rate) females478(2005)
Total expenditure on health as percentage of gross domestic product4.2(2004)
Per capita total expenditure on health at international dollar rate25.9(2004)
Population (in thousands) total13957(2005)

Other demographic statistics

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2022.[14]

  • One birth every 27 seconds
  • One death every 3 minutes
  • One net migrant every 360 minutes
  • Net gain of one person every 33 seconds

The following demographic data are from the CIA World Factbook[15] unless otherwise indicated.

Population
  • 24,484,587 (2022 est.)
  • 19,866,231 (July 2018 est.)

Religions

Age structure
Population pyramid of Niger in 2020
  • 0-14 years: 50.58% (male 5,805,102/female 5,713,815)
  • 15-24 years: 19.99% (male 2,246,670/female 2,306,285)
  • 25-54 years: 23.57% (male 2,582,123/female 2,784,464)
  • 55-64 years: 3.17% (male 357,832/female 364,774)
  • 65 years and over: 2.68% (male 293,430/female 317,866) (2020 est.)
  • 0-14 years: 48.68% (male 4,878,031 /female 4,793,021)
  • 15-24 years: 19.36% (male 1,899,879 /female 1,945,806)
  • 25-54 years: 26.02% (male 2,581,597 /female 2,587,913)
  • 55-64 years: 3.3% (male 340,032 /female 315,142)
  • 65 years and over: 2.64% (male 268,072 /female 256,738) (2018 est.)

Birth rate
  • 47.08 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 1st
  • 43.6 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 2nd

Death rate
  • 9.87 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 37th
  • 11.5 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Total fertility rate
  • 6.2 children born/woman (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 1st[16]
  • 6.35 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 1st

Median age
  • Total: 14.8 years. Country comparison to the world: 227th
  • Male: 14.5 years
  • Female: 15.1 years (2020 est.)
  • Total: 15.5 years. Country comparison to the world: 228th
  • Male: 15.4 years
  • Female: 15.7 years (2018 est.)

Population growth rate
  • 3.66% (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 3rd
  • 3.16% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 7th

Mother's mean age at first birth
  • 20.4 years (2012 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate
  • 11% (2017/18)

Net migration rate
  • -0.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 129th
  • -0.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 125th

Dependency ratios
  • Total dependency ratio: 111.6 (2015 est.)
  • Youth dependency ratio: 106.2 (2015 est.)
  • Elderly dependency ratio: 5.4 (2015 est.)
  • Potential support ratio: 18.6 (2015 est.)

Urbanization
  • Urban population: 16.9% of total population (2022)
  • Rate of urbanization: 4.72% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
  • Urban population: 16.4% of total population (2018)
  • Rate of urbanization: 4.27% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Sex ratio
  • At birth: 1.03 Male(s)/Female
  • Younger than 15 years: 1.02 Male(s)/Female
  • 15–64 years: 0.99 Male(s)/Female
  • 65 years and over: 0.8 Male(s)/Female
  • Total population: 1 Male(s)/Female (2010 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Life expectancy development in Niger
  • Total population: 60.09 years. Country comparison to the world: 218th
  • Male: 58.55 years
  • Female: 61.68 years (2022 est.)
  • Total population: 56.3 years (2018 est.)
  • Male: 55 years (2018 est.)
  • Female: 57.7 years (2018 est.)
  • Total population: 52.6 years
  • Male: 51.39 years
  • Female: 53.85 years (2010 est.)

Major infectious diseases

The following infectious diseases are prevalent in Niger:

On 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Niger is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV). Vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an “infected” person who received an oral polio vaccine. The CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series. Before travel to any high-risk destination, CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine

Education expenditures
  • 3.5% of GDP (2019) Country comparison to the world: 126th

Literacy
  • Total population: 35.1%
  • Male: 43.6%
  • Female: 26.7% (2018; literacy defined as the ability to read and write of those over 15 years old)
  • Total population: 19.1% (2015 est.)
  • Male: 27.3% (2015 est.)
  • Female: 11% (2015 est.)
  • Total population: 28.7% (2004 est.; source: UNDP 2006; NB: this figure is given without reference to which languages are considered)
  • Male: 42.9%
  • Female: 15.1%

Nationality

A person from Niger is known as a Nigerien (IPA: /niːˈʒɛəɹi.ən/ or /ˈnaɪ.dʒer.i.ən/).[17] The word Nigerien is also the adjective used to describe a person or thing from Niger.

Ethnic groups

Languages
Main article: Languages of Niger

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
  • Total: 6 years (2017 est.)
  • Male: 7 years (2017 est.)
  • Female: 6 years (2017 est.)

Youth unemployment (ages 15-24)
  • Total: 16.6%
  • Male: 16.1%
  • Female: 17.5% (2017 est.)

See also

References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Demographics of Niger.
  1. In Fula: Fulɓe; in French: Peul.
  2. "CIA - the World Factbook -- Country Comparison :: Total fertility rate". Archived from the original on 2009-10-28. Retrieved 2012-03-17.
  3. "Annuaire Statistique - Démographie". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2012-01-22.
  4. "World Population Prospects 2022". population.un.org. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  5. "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XSLX). population.un.org ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  6. Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision Archived May 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  7. "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics".
  8. "Population & Demography Data Explorer". Our World in Data. Retrieved 2022-07-22.
  9. "MEASURE DHS: Demographic and Health Surveys".
  10. http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR277/FR277.pdf
  11. "UN Demographic Yearbooks".
  12. "Africa: Niger - The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. 27 April 2021. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
  13. World Health Organization 2007 statistics: Core Health Indicators for Niger.
  14. "Niger Population 2022", World Population Review
  15. Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Niger § People and Society". The World Factbook (2023 ed.). CIA. 2022.
  16. Zanga Gado Moctar (28 September 2021), "Résultats préliminaires de l'Enquête Nationale sur la Fécondité et la Mortalité des Enfants de moins de cinq (5) ans, ENAFEME NIGER 2021", stat-niger.org
  17. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/pronunciation/english/nigerien
  18. "Africa :: NIGER". CIA The World Factbook. 14 December 2021.
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