Nikolay Yevdokimov
Count Nikolai Ivanovich Yevdokimov (1804-1873) was a Russian infantry general who took part in the Russo-Circassian War.[1][2] He played a very major role in the Circassian genocide.[3][4]
Nikolai Yevdokimov | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 1804 |
| Died | 4.06.1873 |
| Allegiance |  Russia |
| Years of service | 1820—1865 |
| Battles/wars | Russo-Circassian War Caucasian War |
Circassian genocide
Yevdokimov put forward the plan to remove the Circassians from their highland homeland and force them to either settle in the mainly uninhabitable swamps in the lowlands or emigrate to Turkey.[5] From 1861 to 1864, Yevdokimov was given responsibility for carrying out the deportations.[6][7] Yevdokimov’s troops, after carrying out massacres in Circassian villages, forced the remaining Circassians to flee to the coast to be shipped to Turkey. There many thousands perished from disease, lack of food and exposure.[8] The number of Circassians who died during Yevdokimov’s deportation operations is not known with certainty but modern scholarly estimates vary between 625,000 and 1,500,000.[9] There is clear evidence that Yevdokimov was aware of the level of fatalities caused by the deportations but continued anyway; according to historian Walter Richmond “At the very least Yevdokimov and the military personnel involved in the deportation could be considered guilty of genocide as defined under Point (c) of the United Nations Convention.”[4]
References
- Гизетти А. Л. Хроника Кавказских войск. В 2-х частях. Тифлис, 1896.
- Евдокимов Н. И. Записки // «Русская старина», 1893, № 6—9; 1894, № 1, 2, 6, 9, 11 и 12; 1895, № 3, 4, 6, 9 и 10.
- Gazetesi, Aziz ÜSTEL, Star. "Soykırım mı; işte Çerkes soykırımı - Yazarlar - Aziz ÜSTEL | STAR". Star.com.tr. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Richmond, Walter (2008). The Northwest Caucasus: Past, Present, Future. Routledge. pp. 79–80. ISBN 978-1-134-00249-8.
- Richmond, Walter (2008). The Northwest Caucasus: Past, Present, Future. Routledge. p. 75. ISBN 978-1-134-00249-8.
- Levene, Mark; Roberts, Penny (1999). The Massacre in History. Berghahn Books. p. 151. ISBN 978-1-57181-935-2.
- O'Flynn, Thomas (2017). The Western Christian Presence in the Russias and Qājār Persia, c.1760–c.1870. BRILL. p. 367. ISBN 978-90-04-31354-5.
- Jones, Adam (2016). Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction. Taylor & Francis. p. 109. ISBN 978-1-317-53386-3.
- Jones, Adam (2016). Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction. Taylor & Francis. p. 110. ISBN 978-1-317-53386-3.
Further reading
- Richmond, Walter (2013). The Circassian Genocide. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-6069-4.