No pain, no gain

No pain, no gain (or "No gain without pain") is a proverb, used since the 1980s as an exercise motto that promises greater value rewards for the price of hard and even painful work. Under this conception competitive professionals, such as athletes and artists, are required to endure pain (physical suffering) and stress (mental/emotional suffering) to achieve professional excellence. Medical experts agree that the proverb is wrong for exercise.[1]

Exercise motto

It came into prominence after 1982 when actress Jane Fonda began to produce a series of aerobics workout videos. In these videos, Fonda would use "No pain, no gain" and "Feel the burn" as catchphrases for the concept of working out past the point of experiencing muscle aches.[2]

It expresses the belief that solid large muscle is the result of training hard. Delayed onset muscle soreness is often used as a measure of the effectiveness of a workout.[3]

In terms of the expression used for development, the discomfort caused may be beneficial in some instances while detrimental in others. Detrimental pain can include joint pain. Beneficial pain usually refers to that resulting from tearing microscopic muscle fibers, which will be rebuilt more densely, making a bigger muscle.

The expression has been adopted in a variety of sports and fitness activities, beginning in 1982 to present day.

David B. Morris wrote in The Scientist in 2005, "'No pain, no gain' is an American modern mini-narrative: it compresses the story of a protagonist who understands that the road to achievement runs only through hardship."[4] The concept has been described as being a modern form of Puritanism.[5]

Origin

The ancient Greek poet Hesiod (c. 750-650 BC) expresses this idea in Works and Days where he wrote:

...But before the road of Excellence the immortal gods have placed sweat. And the way to it is long and steep and rough at first. But when one arrives at the summit, then it is easy, even though remaining difficult.[6][7][8][9]

The ancient Greek playwright Sophocles (5th Century BC) expresses this idea in the play Electra (line 945).[7][10][11] This line is translated as: "nothing truly succeeds without pain",[12] "nothing succeeds without toil",[13] "there is no success without hard work",[14] and “Without labour nothing prospers (well).”[15]

A form of this expression is found in the beginning of the second century, written in The Ethics of the Fathers 5:23 (known in Hebrew as Pirkei Avot), which quotes Ben Hei Hei as saying, "According to the pain is the reward."[10][16][17] This is interpreted to be a spiritual lesson; without the pain in doing what God commands, there is no spiritual gain.

In 1577 British poet Nicholas Breton wrote: "They must take pain that look for any gain."[18]

One of the earliest attestations of the phrase comes from the poet Robert Herrick in his "Hesperides". In the 1650 edition, a two-line poem was added:

NO PAINS, NO GAINS.

If little labour, little are our gains:

Man's fate is according to his pains.
— Hesperides 752.[18][19]

A version of the phrase was crafted by Benjamin Franklin, in his persona of Poor Richard (1734), to illustrate the axiom "God helps those who help themselves":

Industry need not wish, as Poor Richard says, and he that lives upon hope will die fasting. There are no gains, without pains...
— as reprinted in his The Way to Wealth (1758)[20]

In the phrase, Franklin's central thesis was that everyone should exercise 45 minutes each day.[21]

In 1853 R. C. Trench wrote in On Lessons in Proverbs iv: "For the most part they courageously accept the law of labour, No pains, no gains,—No sweat, no sweet, as the appointed law and condition of man's life."[18]

References

New Jersey. Division of Curriculum and Instruction (1970). Elementary Physical Education, Today. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 1167.
"No Pain, No Gain". The American College of Foot & Ankle Orthopedics & Medicine. September 22, 2002. Archived from the original on April 5, 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-24.
"Monday's medical myth: no pain, no gain". 4 March 2013.
David B. Morris (March 28, 2005). "Belief and Narrative". The Scientist. 19 (Sup. 1).
Kilwein, J. H. (1 January 1989). "No Pain, No Gain: A Puritan Legacy". Health Education & Behavior. 16 (1): 9–12. doi:10.1177/109019818901600103. PMID 2703351. S2CID 20573391.
Tennant, John Roger, Jr. (2019). Proverbial Plato: Proverbs, Gnômai, and the Reformation of Discourse in Plato's Republic (PDF) (PhD). University of California, eScholarship.{{cite thesis}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Kitchell, Kenneth F., Jr. (2019). They Said It First. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. p. 260. ISBN 9781610412582.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Nelson, Stephanie (2008). Theogony & Works and Days. MA: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. p. 64. ISBN 978-1-58510-603-5.
For additional translations and analysis, see:
- Hunter, R. L. (2014). "Hesiod and the symposium". Hesiodic voices : studies in the ancient reception of Hesiod's Works and Days. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 142. doi:10.1017/CBO9781107110816.003. ISBN 978-1-107-04690-0.
- Stamatopoulou, Zoe (2017). Hesiod and Classical Greek Poetry: Reception and Transformation in the Fifth Century BCE. Cambridge University Press. p. 120. ISBN 978-1-107-16299-0.
- Hesiod (2018). "Works and Days". In Most, Glenn W. (ed.). Theogony. Works and Days. Testimonia (Revised ed.). Harvard University Press. pp. 110–111. ISBN 9780674997202.
Schrift, Rom Y.; Kivetz, Ran; Netzer, Oded (2016). "Complicating decisions: The work ethic heuristic and the construction of effortful decisions" (PDF). Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 145 (7): 3 / 807–809. doi:10.1037/xge0000171. PMID 27123577.
Raeburn, David, ed. (2008). "Electra". Electra and other plays (PDF). London: Penguin Books. p. 167 (line 945). ISBN 978-0-140-44978-5. ELECTRA: Remember, sister: no pain, no gain
Roisman, Hanna M. (2020). Sophocles' Electra. Oxford University Press. p. 149. ISBN 978-0-19-005359-8. nothing truly (τοι) succeeds without pain
Feldman, Louis (2006). "The Influence Of The Greek Tragedians On Josephus". Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered. BRILL. p. 433. doi:10.1163/ej.9789004149069.i-930.89. ISBN 978-90-474-0873-4. What is particularly striking is Josephus' citation (War 3. 495, 5.501 , Ant. 3.58) on three occasions of the proverb that great successes never come without risk/ toil, which is very close to the of Electra 945 that nothing succeeds without toil.
- Bowersock, Glen W.; Burkert, Walter; Putnam, Michael (2011). Arktouros: Hellenic Studies presented to Bernard M. W. Knox on the occasion of his 65th birthday. Walter de Gruyter. p. 136. ISBN 978-3-11-083762-9. At 945, for example, Electra says that without toil (πόνου... χωρὶς) nothing succeeds
- McDonald, Marianne (1978). Terms for Happiness in Euripides. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 34. ISBN 978-3-525-25149-2.
- "The Internet Classics Archive | Electra by Sophocles". classics.mit.edu. Translated by Jebb, Richard Claverhouse.
- "Sophocles, Electra". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Translated by Jebb, Richard Claverhouse.
- Tragedies. Translated by Jebb, Richard Claverhouse. Cambridge University Press. 1905. p. 254.
- Sophocles: The Plays and Fragments with Critical Notes, Commentary and Translation in English Prose. Translated by Jebb, Richard Claverhouse. The University Press. 1924. p. 133.
Sophocles. Translated by Lloyd-Jones, Hugh. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 1994–1996. p. 255. ISBN 978-0-674-99557-4.
- McGovern, Una (2005). Webster's New World Dictionary of Quotations. Wiley. p. 804. ISBN 978-0-7645-7308-8.
- Great Thoughts from Master Minds. A.W. Hall. 1884. p. 157. (contains other similar quotes from classical sources)
- Niven, Jeremy E. (1 October 2011). "Work Meets Life. Exploring the Integrative Study of Work in Living Systems. Robert Levin, Simon Laughlin, Christina De La Rocha and Alan Blackwell, editors". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 51 (4): 646. doi:10.1093/icb/icr096. ISSN 1540-7063.
- Wayman, Tom (2014). The Order in Which We Do Things: The Poetry of Tom Wayman. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. p. xi. ISBN 978-1-55458-996-8.
Sources connecting the expression with the passage:
- Shinan, Avigdor (2009). A New Israeli Commentary on Pirkei Avot (in Hebrew). Israel.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
- Shapiro, Marc B. (2011). "Comments on This and That, part 1 – The Seforim Blog". To paraphrase Chazal (Avot 5:22), "no pain, no gain."
- Russell, James R. "Aeneas and Moses". p. 32n47. Le-fum tsa'ara agra, said R. Ben He He— the reward is proportional to the pain(staking effort). Or as we say in plain American English, "No pain, no gain."
Source for literal translation:
- Seeskin, Kenneth (2012). "Maimonides' appropriation Of Aristotle's ethics". In Miller, Jon (ed.). The Reception of Aristotle's Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-521-51388-3.
- Heide, Albert van der (2017). 'Now I Know': Five Centuries of Aqedah Exegesis. Springer. p. 86. ISBN 978-3-319-47521-9.
Speake, Jennifer, ed. (2015). Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs. Oxford University Press. p. 228. ISBN 978-0-19-105959-9.
Herrick, Robert (1898). Alfred Pollardi (ed.). The Hesperides & Noble Numbers: Vol. 1 and 2. London: Lawrence & Bullen. Vol. 2, 66 & 320.
Franklin, Terrance (1758). The Way To Wealth. Archived from the original on 2008-03-13. Retrieved 2008-03-24.
Leahy, Robert L. (2018-10-04), "Emotional schemas in therapy", Emotional Schema Therapy, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, pp. 75–78, doi:10.4324/9780203711095-15, ISBN 978-0-203-71109-5, S2CID 150067953

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[1] New Jersey. Division of Curriculum and Instruction (1970). Elementary Physical Education, Today. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 1167.

[ACFAOM-2] "No Pain, No Gain". The American College of Foot & Ankle Orthopedics & Medicine. September 22, 2002. Archived from the original on April 5, 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-24.

[3] "Monday's medical myth: no pain, no gain". 4 March 2013.

[TheScientist2005-4] David B. Morris (March 28, 2005). "Belief and Narrative". The Scientist. 19 (Sup. 1).

[5] Kilwein, J. H. (1 January 1989). "No Pain, No Gain: A Puritan Legacy". Health Education & Behavior. 16 (1): 9–12. doi:10.1177/109019818901600103. PMID 2703351. S2CID 20573391.

[6] Tennant, John Roger, Jr. (2019). Proverbial Plato: Proverbs, Gnômai, and the Reformation of Discourse in Plato's Republic (PDF) (PhD). University of California, eScholarship.{{cite thesis}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[Kitchell2019-7] Kitchell, Kenneth F., Jr. (2019). They Said It First. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. p. 260. ISBN 9781610412582.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[8] Nelson, Stephanie (2008). Theogony & Works and Days. MA: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. p. 64. ISBN 978-1-58510-603-5.

[9] For additional translations and analysis, see:
Hunter, R. L. (2014). "Hesiod and the symposium". Hesiodic voices : studies in the ancient reception of Hesiod's Works and Days. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 142. doi:10.1017/CBO9781107110816.003. ISBN 978-1-107-04690-0.

Stamatopoulou, Zoe (2017). Hesiod and Classical Greek Poetry: Reception and Transformation in the Fifth Century BCE. Cambridge University Press. p. 120. ISBN 978-1-107-16299-0.

Hesiod (2018). "Works and Days". In Most, Glenn W. (ed.). Theogony. Works and Days. Testimonia (Revised ed.). Harvard University Press. pp. 110–111. ISBN 9780674997202.

[10] Hunter, R. L. (2014). "Hesiod and the symposium". Hesiodic voices : studies in the ancient reception of Hesiod's Works and Days. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 142. doi:10.1017/CBO9781107110816.003. ISBN 978-1-107-04690-0.

[11] Stamatopoulou, Zoe (2017). Hesiod and Classical Greek Poetry: Reception and Transformation in the Fifth Century BCE. Cambridge University Press. p. 120. ISBN 978-1-107-16299-0.

[12] Hesiod (2018). "Works and Days". In Most, Glenn W. (ed.). Theogony. Works and Days. Testimonia (Revised ed.). Harvard University Press. pp. 110–111. ISBN 9780674997202.

[Schrift2016-10] Schrift, Rom Y.; Kivetz, Ran; Netzer, Oded (2016). "Complicating decisions: The work ethic heuristic and the construction of effortful decisions" (PDF). Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 145 (7): 3 / 807–809. doi:10.1037/xge0000171. PMID 27123577.

[11] Raeburn, David, ed. (2008). "Electra". Electra and other plays (PDF). London: Penguin Books. p. 167 (line 945). ISBN 978-0-140-44978-5. ELECTRA: Remember, sister: no pain, no gain

[12] Roisman, Hanna M. (2020). Sophocles' Electra. Oxford University Press. p. 149. ISBN 978-0-19-005359-8. nothing truly (τοι) succeeds without pain

[Feldman2006-13] Feldman, Louis (2006). "The Influence Of The Greek Tragedians On Josephus". Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered. BRILL. p. 433. doi:10.1163/ej.9789004149069.i-930.89. ISBN 978-90-474-0873-4. What is particularly striking is Josephus' citation (War 3. 495, 5.501 , Ant. 3.58) on three occasions of the proverb that great successes never come without risk/ toil, which is very close to the of Electra 945 that nothing succeeds without toil.
Bowersock, Glen W.; Burkert, Walter; Putnam, Michael (2011). Arktouros: Hellenic Studies presented to Bernard M. W. Knox on the occasion of his 65th birthday. Walter de Gruyter. p. 136. ISBN 978-3-11-083762-9. At 945, for example, Electra says that without toil (πόνου... χωρὶς) nothing succeeds

McDonald, Marianne (1978). Terms for Happiness in Euripides. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 34. ISBN 978-3-525-25149-2.

"The Internet Classics Archive | Electra by Sophocles". classics.mit.edu. Translated by Jebb, Richard Claverhouse.

"Sophocles, Electra". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Translated by Jebb, Richard Claverhouse.

Tragedies. Translated by Jebb, Richard Claverhouse. Cambridge University Press. 1905. p. 254.

Sophocles: The Plays and Fragments with Critical Notes, Commentary and Translation in English Prose. Translated by Jebb, Richard Claverhouse. The University Press. 1924. p. 133.

[17] Bowersock, Glen W.; Burkert, Walter; Putnam, Michael (2011). Arktouros: Hellenic Studies presented to Bernard M. W. Knox on the occasion of his 65th birthday. Walter de Gruyter. p. 136. ISBN 978-3-11-083762-9. At 945, for example, Electra says that without toil (πόνου... χωρὶς) nothing succeeds

[18] McDonald, Marianne (1978). Terms for Happiness in Euripides. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 34. ISBN 978-3-525-25149-2.

[19] "The Internet Classics Archive | Electra by Sophocles". classics.mit.edu. Translated by Jebb, Richard Claverhouse.

[20] "Sophocles, Electra". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Translated by Jebb, Richard Claverhouse.

[21] Tragedies. Translated by Jebb, Richard Claverhouse. Cambridge University Press. 1905. p. 254.

[22] Sophocles: The Plays and Fragments with Critical Notes, Commentary and Translation in English Prose. Translated by Jebb, Richard Claverhouse. The University Press. 1924. p. 133.

[14] Sophocles. Translated by Lloyd-Jones, Hugh. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 1994–1996. p. 255. ISBN 978-0-674-99557-4.
McGovern, Una (2005). Webster's New World Dictionary of Quotations. Wiley. p. 804. ISBN 978-0-7645-7308-8.

[24] McGovern, Una (2005). Webster's New World Dictionary of Quotations. Wiley. p. 804. ISBN 978-0-7645-7308-8.

[15] Great Thoughts from Master Minds. A.W. Hall. 1884. p. 157. (contains other similar quotes from classical sources)

Niven, Jeremy E. (1 October 2011). "Work Meets Life. Exploring the Integrative Study of Work in Living Systems. Robert Levin, Simon Laughlin, Christina De La Rocha and Alan Blackwell, editors". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 51 (4): 646. doi:10.1093/icb/icr096. ISSN 1540-7063.

Wayman, Tom (2014). The Order in Which We Do Things: The Poetry of Tom Wayman. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. p. xi. ISBN 978-1-55458-996-8.

[26] Great Thoughts from Master Minds. A.W. Hall. 1884. p. 157. (contains other similar quotes from classical sources)

[27] Niven, Jeremy E. (1 October 2011). "Work Meets Life. Exploring the Integrative Study of Work in Living Systems. Robert Levin, Simon Laughlin, Christina De La Rocha and Alan Blackwell, editors". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 51 (4): 646. doi:10.1093/icb/icr096. ISSN 1540-7063.

[28] Wayman, Tom (2014). The Order in Which We Do Things: The Poetry of Tom Wayman. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. p. xi. ISBN 978-1-55458-996-8.

[16] Sources connecting the expression with the passage:
Shinan, Avigdor (2009). A New Israeli Commentary on Pirkei Avot (in Hebrew). Israel.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

Shapiro, Marc B. (2011). "Comments on This and That, part 1 – The Seforim Blog". To paraphrase Chazal (Avot 5:22), "no pain, no gain."

Russell, James R. "Aeneas and Moses". p. 32n47. Le-fum tsa'ara agra, said R. Ben He He— the reward is proportional to the pain(staking effort). Or as we say in plain American English, "No pain, no gain."

[30] Shinan, Avigdor (2009). A New Israeli Commentary on Pirkei Avot (in Hebrew). Israel.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[31] Shapiro, Marc B. (2011). "Comments on This and That, part 1 – The Seforim Blog". To paraphrase Chazal (Avot 5:22), "no pain, no gain."

[32] Russell, James R. "Aeneas and Moses". p. 32n47. Le-fum tsa'ara agra, said R. Ben He He— the reward is proportional to the pain(staking effort). Or as we say in plain American English, "No pain, no gain."

[17] Source for literal translation:
Seeskin, Kenneth (2012). "Maimonides' appropriation Of Aristotle's ethics". In Miller, Jon (ed.). The Reception of Aristotle's Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-521-51388-3.

Heide, Albert van der (2017). 'Now I Know': Five Centuries of Aqedah Exegesis. Springer. p. 86. ISBN 978-3-319-47521-9.

[34] Seeskin, Kenneth (2012). "Maimonides' appropriation Of Aristotle's ethics". In Miller, Jon (ed.). The Reception of Aristotle's Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-521-51388-3.

[35] Heide, Albert van der (2017). 'Now I Know': Five Centuries of Aqedah Exegesis. Springer. p. 86. ISBN 978-3-319-47521-9.

[Speake2015-18] Speake, Jennifer, ed. (2015). Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs. Oxford University Press. p. 228. ISBN 978-0-19-105959-9.

[Herrick-19] Herrick, Robert (1898). Alfred Pollardi (ed.). The Hesperides & Noble Numbers: Vol. 1 and 2. London: Lawrence & Bullen. Vol. 2, 66 & 320.

[Nowden-20] Franklin, Terrance (1758). The Way To Wealth. Archived from the original on 2008-03-13. Retrieved 2008-03-24.

[21] Leahy, Robert L. (2018-10-04), "Emotional schemas in therapy", Emotional Schema Therapy, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, pp. 75–78, doi:10.4324/9780203711095-15, ISBN 978-0-203-71109-5, S2CID 150067953

No pain, no gain

Exercise motto

Origin

See also

References