Coding strand

When referring to DNA transcription, the coding strand (or informational strand[1][2]) is the DNA strand whose base sequence is identical to the base sequence of the RNA transcript produced (although with thymine replaced by uracil). It is this strand which contains codons, while the non-coding strand contains anticodons. During transcription, RNA Pol II binds to the non-coding template strand, reads the anti-codons, and transcribes their sequence to synthesize an RNA transcript with complementary bases.

Two linear DNA strands are separated by a blue oval, which is creating RNA by running along the template strand. The coding strand is above, not attached to RNA polymerase.
Position of the template and coding strands during transcription.

By convention, the coding strand is the strand used when displaying a DNA sequence. It is presented in the 5' to 3' direction.

Wherever a gene exists on a DNA molecule, one strand is the coding strand (or sense strand), and the other is the noncoding strand (also called the antisense strand,[3] anticoding strand, template strand or transcribed strand).

Strands in transcription bubble

During transcription, RNA polymerase unwinds a short section of the DNA double helix near the start of the gene (the transcription start site). This unwound section is known as the transcription bubble. The RNA polymerase, and with it the transcription bubble, travels along the noncoding strand in the opposite, 3' to 5', direction, as well as polymerizing a newly synthesized strand in 5' to 3' or downstream direction. The DNA double helix is rewound by RNA polymerase at the rear of the transcription bubble.[3] Like how two adjacent zippers work, when pulled together, they unzip and rezip as they proceed in a particular direction. Various factors can cause double-stranded DNA to break; thus, reorder genes or cause cell death.[4]

RNA-DNA hybrid

Where the helix is unwound, the coding strand consists of unpaired bases, while the template strand consists of an RNA:DNA composite, followed by a number of unpaired bases at the rear. This hybrid consists of the most recently added nucleotides of the RNA transcript, complementary base-paired to the template strand. The number of base-pairs in the hybrid is under investigation, but it has been suggested that the hybrid is formed from the last 10 nucleotides added.[5]

See also

References
  1. "28.4: Transcription of DNA". Chemistry LibreTexts. 2015-08-26. Retrieved 2021-09-06.
  2. STOKER, H. STEPHEN (2013). General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry. Cengage Learning. p. 816.
  3. Lewin, Benjamin (2008). Genes IX. Oxford University Press. p. 129, 235. ISBN 978-0-7637-4063-4.
  4. Dianatpour A, Ghafouri-Fard S (2017). "The Role of Long Non Coding RNAs in the Repair of DNA Double Strand Breaks". International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine. 6 (1): 1–12. PMC 5568187. PMID 28868264.
  5. Griffiths 2005, pp. 259–265

Works cited
  • Griffiths, A.J.F.; et al. (2005). Introduction to Genetic Analysis (8th ed.). W.H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-4939-4.
  • Lewin, B. (2000). Genes VII. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-879277-8.
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