Ictaluridae

The Ictaluridae, sometimes called ictalurids, are a family of catfish native to North America, where they are an important food source and sometimes fished for sport. The family includes about 51 species, some commonly known as bullheads, madtoms, channel catfish, and blue catfish.

Ictaluridae
Temporal range:
Blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Siluriformes
Superfamily: Ictaluroidea
Family: Ictaluridae
T. N. Gill, 1861
Genera

Ameiurus, bullheads
Astephus †
Ictalurus
Noturus, madtoms
Prietella
Pylodictis
Satan
Trogloglanis

Taxonomy

The family Ictaluridae is strongly supported as a monophyletic group.[1] It is closely related to the Asian family Cranoglanididae. These two families are sister taxa in the superfamily Ictaluroidea.[1]

Though the family includes three genera of blind, subterranean, and troglobitic catfishes, Trogloglanis, Satan, and Prietella, none of these three genera is closely related. Instead, Satan is closely related to Pylodictis, Prietella to Noturus, and Trogloglanis possibly to Ictalurus, although it may not be closely related to any of the other ictalurids.[2] Ameiurus is sister to a clade formed by Satan, Pylodictis, Noturus, and Prietella.[3]

The oldest fossil member of the family is Astephus from the Eocene Green River Formation of Utah and Wyoming.[4]

Distribution and habitat

Ictalurids originate from North America from southern Canada to Guatemala.[5] Both bullheads and madtoms tend to be found in small streams and ponds, but are also known in larger bodies of water. Channel catfish, bullheads, and madtoms are "bottom feeders" with widely varied diets that include scavenging.

Notable species

Description

Ictalurid species have four pairs of barbels (commonly referred to as "whiskers" as applied to catfish). Their skin does not have any scales. The dorsal and pectoral fins usually possess a spine. The dorsal fin usually has six soft rays. The palate is toothless except in the fossil genus Astephus.[5] The genera Trogoglanis, Satan, and Prietella include four species of blind catfishes.[5] They have the ability to inflict painful stings with venomous spines embedded in their fins.

One of the largest species is the blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus, specimens of which have been found to weigh over 50 kg (110 lb). The maximum length is 160 cm (5.2 ft) in the blue catfish and the flathead catfish.[5] The bullheads, though, are small catfish which at maturity often weigh less than 0.5 kg (1 lb), while the madtoms (genus Noturus) are in general much smaller.

Relationship to humans

The North American catfish has acquired an association with American Southern folklore which exceeds its place as a mere food fish. The image of cane-pole fishing for catfish at a proverbial lazy stream has become a stand-by of southern Americana.

In some areas, the bullhead is seen as a desirable quarry, for its fighting qualities exceed its size. In other areas, it is seen as a nuisance fish due to its efficient bait-stealing qualities.

References
  1. Sullivan, JP; Lundberg JG; Hardman M (2006). "A phylogenetic analysis of the major groups of catfishes (Teleostei: Siluriformes) using rag1 and rag2 nuclear gene sequences". Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 41 (3): 636–62. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.05.044. PMID 16876440.
  2. Langecker, Thomas G.; Longley, Glenn (1993). "Morphological Adaptations of the Texas Blind Catfishes Trogloglanis pattersoni and Satan eurystomus (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae) to Their Underground Environment". Copeia. 1993 (4): 976–986. doi:10.2307/1447075. JSTOR 1447075.
  3. Walsh, Stephen J.; Gilbert, Carter R. (1995). "New Species of Troglobitic Catfish of the Genus Prietella (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae) from Northeastern México". Copeia. 1995 (4): 850–861. doi:10.2307/1447033. JSTOR 1447033.
  4. Grande, Lance; Lundberg, John G. (1988-06-22). "Revision and redescription of the genus Astephus (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae) with a discussion of its phylogenetic relationships". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 8 (2): 139–171. doi:10.1080/02724634.1988.10011694. ISSN 0272-4634.
  5. Nelson, Joseph S. (2006). Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-25031-7.
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