Northwest Mexican Coast mangroves

The Northwest Mexican Coast mangroves is a mangrove ecoregion of the southern Baja California Peninsula and coastal Sonora and northern Sinaloa states in northwestern Mexico. They are the northernmost mangroves on the Pacific Coast of North America and the region is transitional between tropical and temperate seas.

Northwest Mexican Coast mangroves
Near Las Aguamitas, Navolato, Sinaloa
Ecoregion territory (in purple)
Ecology
RealmNearctic
BiomeMangroves
Geography
Area4,920 km2 (1,900 sq mi)
CountryMexico
States
Conservation
Conservation statusCritical/endangered[1]

Geography

The mangroves are located on both the Pacific and Gulf of California coasts of Baja California. Magdalena Bay is the largest area on the Pacific coast, along with San Ignacio Lagoon and Ojo de Liebre Lagoon, and on Cedros Island and Guadalupe Island off the coast.[1]

The Sonoran and Sinaloan mangroves are found mostly in the deltas of the Yaqui, Mayo, and Fuerte rivers,[1] along with Lechuguilla Bay near Los Mochis, Agiabampo Bay, Yávaros wetlands, Tóbari estuary, Lobos Bay, and the La Tortuga, Las Cruces, and Los Algodones estuaries.

Mangrove areas on the eastern coast of the Baja California Peninsula include El Mogote and El Conchalito on the Ensenada de la Paz.

Flora

Rhizophora mangle and Laguncularia racemosa are the dominant Pacific coast mangrove species. Because of the nutrient-limited conditions, the mangrove forests are generally low, growing up to one meter in height.[2]

On the Sonoran coast, R. mangle, L. racemosa, Avicennia germinans, and Conocarpus erectus are the dominant mangroves.[1]

Fauna

The food and shelter provided by the mangroves support communities of oysters, crabs, invertebrate larvae, and juvenile fish.[1]

Seabirds and shorebirds use the mangroves as a source of food (invertebrates and fish), and as rest areas and winter residences. The mangroves also support migrating songbirds, raptors, and shorebirds.[1]

The Sonoran mangroves are habitat for the San Blas jay (Cyanocorax sanblasianus) and the purplish-backed jay (C. beecheii).[1]

Conservation and threats

Threats to the mangroves include coastal development, sedimentation, eutrophication, and deforestation. Mangroves in the Gulf of California are disappearing at a rate of 2% annually. Coastal development around La Paz destroyed 23% of the local mangroves between 1973 and 1981.[3]

Protected areas

The San Ignacio and Ojo de Liebre mangroves are within the Vizcaíno Biosphere Reserve, which protects the mangroves as well as adjacent marine and upland areas. Guadalupe Island is also a biosphere reserve. Several mangrove areas in Sonora and Sinaloa are designated Ramsar sites.[4]

See also

References
  1. "Northwest Mexican Coast mangroves". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
  2. Johnston, Cora Ann (2013). "From the Field: The Mysterious Mangroves of Baja California". Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 27 November 2013.
  3. Octavio Aburto-Oropeza, Exequiel Ezcurra, Gustavo Danemann, Víctor Valdez, Jason Murray, and Enric Sala (2008). "Mangroves in the Gulf of California increase fishery yields". PNAS July 29, 2008 105 (30) 10456-10459; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0804601105.
  4. UNEP-WCMC (2020). Protected Area Profile for Mexico from the World Database of Protected Areas, October 2020. Available at: www.protectedplanet.net
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