Norway Democrats

Jan Simonsen, who joined the Democrats in Norway while an MP

The Democrats were founded on 24 August 2002 at Hotel Linne in Oslo,[7] primarily by former Progress Party members, but also former members of the Labour Party, Conservative Party, Liberal Party and Socialist Left Party.[8] In November of the same year, the party successfully gathered 5,200 signatures (5,000 required), and was legally registered as a party. The new party's leader, Vidar Kleppe, had a vision that the party should have a role as an ombudsman at grass roots level, similar to the role of Anders Lange, the first leader of the Progress Party.[9][10] Since Member of Parliament Jan Simonsen (who was expelled from the Progress Party in 2001) joined the party upon its creation, the party was until 2005 also effectively represented in the Norwegian Parliament (technically, he had to sit as an independent).[9][11][12]

One of the components of the new party was the minor Social Democrats,[12] previously known as the Generation Party, which in turn had been formed as a splinter group of the Pensioners' Party.[11] The Democrats originally tried to take advantage of this party's status to run for election. This led to a struggle about the Democrats' right to put up lists in more counties. The conflict was resolved, and subsequently both the Democrats and the Social Democrats were eligible to contest elections in Norway.[13] Later, the Democrats went on to draw leading figures and members from parties such as the Fatherland Party and the Norwegian People's Party.[14][15]

Old logo of the party

By August 2003, the headquarters of the Democrats in Kristiansand had reportedly been vandalised eight times.[16] In its first elections, the 2003 local elections, the Democrats ran in 46 municipalities and boroughs,[17] and won 0.3% of the nationwide vote in the county elections. It won two representatives in the Kristiansand municipal council, and one in the Vest-Agder county council.[18] In 2005, the Democrats became represented in the Bergen city council owing to the defection of a Progress Party councillor.[19]

The party stepped up its activity with the aim of gaining a foothold in the Norwegian Parliament at the 2005 parliamentary election. Before the election, party leader Vidar Kleppe tried to bolster support for the party by calling for the closure of all Mosques in Norway if they did not clearly distance themselves from terrorism.[20] Candidates running for the party also had to withstand threats and attacks during the electoral campaign. This included Nordland county leader Amund Garfors receiving death threats,[21] and party leader Vidar Kleppe being physically assaulted both by a former Workers' Communist Party deputy leader,[22] and by members of a demonstration by left-wing organisations SOS Rasisme, the Blitz-movement and Socialist Youth.[23][24] Despite running a high-profile campaign, the Democrats failed to make any breakthrough in the election.

The Democrats increased their number of candidates for the 2007 local elections, and ran in 85 municipalities and boroughs, as well as in all 19 counties.[17] The party won 0.3% of the overall vote in the county elections, and kept its representation in the Vest-Agder county council. It gained eight municipal councillors, among them in the cities Trondheim and Kristiansand.[25] For the 2009 parliamentary election the Democrats for the first time ran in all the counties in Norway.[26] The Democrats complained about the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation to the OSCE, as the party along with other extraparliamentary parties that ran in all 19 counties had been denied television coverage (except the Red Party).[27] Only a few weeks before the 2009 election, the headquarters of the Democrats were broken into, and a computer containing material planned for use in the election campaign was stolen.[28] In the election, the party remained at 0.1% of the vote.

The Democrats had to renew its public registration owing to the poor 2009 election result, and chose to re-register itself as the "Democrats in Norway".[29][30][31] The party only ran in 31 municipalities for the 2011 local elections.[32] It nevertheless again won eight municipal councillors, this time in five councils (two councillors in three councils), and held its representation in the Vest-Agder county council.[33] Besides its two representatives in Kristiansand (in Vest-Agder), all of the party's municipal councillors were elected in Hordaland.[34] After the election, the party became part of local cooperations that would govern Kristiansand[35] and Stord.[36]

Vidar Kleppe stepped down as leader in 2012 and was succeeded by Kjell Arne Sellæg.[37] The change in leadership was followed by internal strife and resignations. Eleven weeks after his appointment as leader, Sellæg left the Democrats to form a new party, the Moderates. He was succeeded by Elisabeth Rue Strencbo.[38] In 2013 the party elected Fredrik U. Litleskare as new leader of the party. Litleskare withdrew from the position in 2014 citing internal non-political conflicts, and was succeeded by Ellen Simonsen as acting leader.[39] In 2015 Terje Svendsen was elected new leader.[40] In 2016, Kim Steinar Kjærner-Strømberg was elected new leader, until he with the member of the board was exposed for a political coup according to the Norwegian Party Regulation Tribunal (PLN). He was succeeded by Makvan Kasheikal, an immigrant from Iran. The election of Makvan Kasheikal is regarded as not valid by the PLN (The Norwegian Party Regulation tribunal).[41][42]

The Norway Democrats identify the causes of the recent upsurge in serious crime in Norway to be a result of low penalties, liberal immigration policies, and a lack of funding for the police, courts and prison system. The party wants to raise the sentence frame of first-degree murder to life imprisonment, and otherwise raise minimum sentence frames. It does not support giving penalty discounts for multiple offences, and wants instead to add up penalties for every single offence. The party wants to double sentences for second-time offenders, triple sentences for third-time offenders and so on.[48]

One of the main issues for the Norway Democrats is immigration to Norway, and the party wants a strongly restrictive immigration policy.[49] The party maintains that mass-immigration to western countries leads to considerable problems that are hard to solve, including considerable costs for social security payments and great increases in crime. The party believes that Norway's liberal values will be put in danger if a "Muslim mass immigration" is accepted. The party wants a stricter policy towards criminal immigrants, for instance allowing for the repatriation of immigrants participating in organized and gang-crime.[50]

The party also claims that the current Norwegian refugee-policy is cynical in that it seeks to help the few refugees who can afford the journey to Norway, when there are millions of people suffering worldwide without such possibilities. The Norway Democrats seek to change the refugee-policy to instead helping people outside the Norwegian border. They claim that in that way the Norwegian state can afford to help much more refugees for the same amount of money that it requires to help considerably fewer people in Norway.[50]

The Norway Democrats are opposed to Norwegian membership in the European Union, and wants Norway to withdraw from the European Economic Area and the Schengen Agreement. The party wants to replace membership of the EEA with a free trade agreement.[51]

While supporting continued membership of NATO and the United Nations, it contends that the latter must reform. The party supports increased free trade, and wants to dissolve state-controlled foreign aid. The party only supports foreign aid to countries pursuing free-market policies, but maintains support to countries in cases of natural disasters, war and famine. Supportive of Israel, the party proposes to move the Norwegian embassy to what it describes as "the country's capital, Jerusalem."[52]

As of the 2011 local elections (0.3% county results), the party is represented in one county, Vest-Agder (1), and five municipalities; Kristiansand (2), Askøy (2), Odda (2), Fedje (1) and Stord (1)[33]