Nuneaton (UK Parliament constituency)

Nuneaton is a constituency[n 1] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2010 by Marcus Jones, a Conservative.[n 2] Since 1997, the seat has been seen as an important national bellwether.[2][3]

Nuneaton
County constituency
for the House of Commons
Outline map
Boundary of Nuneaton in Warwickshire
Outline map
Location of Warwickshire within England
CountyWarwickshire
Electorate68,288 (December 2010)[1]
Major settlementsNuneaton
Current constituency
Created1885
Member of ParliamentMarcus Jones (Conservative)
SeatsOne
Created fromNorth Warwickshire

In the 2015 general election, Nuneaton was the first key marginal seat between the Conservatives and Labour to declare its results.[4] Instead of seeing the predicted victory for Labour,[5] the seat saw a swing of 3.0% towards the Conservatives which proved to be a big indication that they were heading for victory in the 2015 general election, contrary to prior opinion poll projections.

Boundaries

Nuneaton 1885-1918

1885–1918: The Sessional Division of Coventry and part of the Sessional Divisions of Atherstone and Coleshill.

1918–1945: The Municipal Borough of Nuneaton, the Urban District of Bulkington, and the Rural Districts of Atherstone, Coventry, Foleshill, and Nuneaton.

1945–1955: The Municipal Borough of Nuneaton, the Urban District of Bedworth, and the Rural District of Atherstone.

1955–1974: The Municipal Borough of Nuneaton, and the Urban District of Bedworth.[6]

1974–1983: The Municipal Borough of Nuneaton, and the Urban District of Bedworth as altered by the Coventry Order 1965.

1983–2010: The Borough of Nuneaton and Bedworth wards of Abbey, Arbury, Attleborough, Bulkington, Camp Hill, Chilvers Coton, Galley Common, St Nicolas, Stockingford, Weddington, and Whitestone, and the Borough of Rugby wards of Earl Craven, Fosse, and Wolvey.

2010–present: The Borough of Nuneaton and Bedworth wards of Abbey, Arbury, Attleborough, Bar Pool, Camp Hill, Galley Common, Kingswood, St Nicolas, Weddington, Wem Brook, and Whitestone, and the Borough of North Warwickshire wards of Arley and Whitacre, and Hartshill.

The boundary changes which took effect for the 1983 general election removed the town of Bedworth, which was transferred to the newly created North Warwickshire constituency. As a result, the sitting MP Les Huckfield declined to stand and unsuccessfully sought nomination in other constituencies such as Wigan[7] and Sedgefield.[8]

History

The constituency was created as a result of the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, in an area whose population had expanded as coal miners poured in from other parts of the country. At one time 20 collieries operated in the area and now one of three major British coal mines continued with operations in the constituency at Daw Mill atop the Warwickshire Coalfield (known as the Warwickshire Thick) in the north of the county until 2012 when it closed. The associated heavy industry and mining-centred economy coupled with the Representation of the People Act 1918 (Fourth Reform Act) led to Nuneaton being held by the Labour Party for nearly 50 years until lost in the 1983 Conservative Landslide to Lewis Stevens, a Conservative who retained the seat in 1987.

Labour regained the constituency at the 1992 election. Bill Olner beat Stevens and retained the seat in 1997, 2001 and 2005. Olner announced in 2007 that he would not be contesting the 2010 general election and would be standing down at the end of the 2005–2010 parliament.[9] Former Nuneaton and Bedworth Council Leader Marcus Jones was successful in taking the seat for the Conservative Party at the 2010 election and retained the seat in 2015, 2017 and 2019.

2015 general election significance

In the 2015 general election, Nuneaton was the first marginal constituency between the Conservatives and Labour to declare its results. The result proved to be significant as it saw a 3.0% swing to the Conservatives, despite the seat being Labour's 38th biggest target[10] and Labour being predicted to win the seat.[5] The result therefore proved to be a major indication that the Conservatives were going to win a majority of seats in the House of Commons for the first time since the 1992 general election, something which went against national opinion polls which pointed towards Labour gains in the key marginal constituencies.[11]

It was later reported that the moment incumbent Prime Minister David Cameron knew his Conservative Party had won the general election was when Nuneaton declared its results at 1.53 am on 8 May 2015.[12]

This has led to many pointing out the similarities between Nuneaton and the former constituency of Basildon which in 1987 and 1992, Labour unexpectedly failed to win. This is why the Nuneaton result has been seen as the 'Basildon Moment' of 2015, since the Basildon constituency similarly foreshadowed the Conservative's election victory in 1992.[13]

Nuneaton was chosen by the Labour Party as the host of their first televised leadership debate during their 2015 leadership election.[14]

Members of Parliament

ElectionMember[15] Party
1885 Jasper Johns Liberal
1886 John Dugdale Conservative
1892 Francis Newdigate[16] Conservative
1906 William Johnson Liberal
1909 Labour
1914 Liberal
1918 Sir Henry Maddocks Coalition Conservative
1923 Herbert Willison Liberal
1924 Arthur Hope Conservative
1929 Francis Smith Labour
1931 Edward North Conservative
1935 Reginald Fletcher Labour
1942 by-election Frank Bowles Labour
1965 by-election Frank Cousins Labour
1967 by-election Les Huckfield Labour
1983 Lewis Stevens Conservative
1992 Bill Olner Labour
2010 Marcus Jones Conservative

Elections

Elections in the 2010s

General election 2019: Nuneaton[17]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Marcus Jones 27,390 60.6 Increase9.0
Labour Zoe Mayou 14,246 31.5 Decrease9.8
Liberal Democrats Richard Brighton-Knight 1,862 4.1 Increase2.1
Green Keith Kondakor 1,692 3.7 Increase2.0
Majority 13,144 29.1 Increase18.8
Turnout 45,190 64.3 Decrease2.4
Conservative hold Swing Increase9.4
General election 2017: Nuneaton [18][19]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Marcus Jones 23,755 51.6 Increase6.0
Labour Phil Johnson 19,016 41.3 Increase6.4
UKIP Craig Carpenter 1,619 3.5 Decrease10.9
Liberal Democrats Richard Brighton-Knight 914 2.0 Increase0.2
Green Chris Brookes 763 1.7 Decrease1.1
Majority 4,739 10.3 Decrease0.4
Turnout 46,067 66.67 Decrease0.5
Conservative hold Swing Decrease 0.2
General election 2015: Nuneaton[20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Marcus Jones 20,827 45.5 Increase4.0
Labour Vicky Fowler 15,945 34.9 Decrease2.0
UKIP Alwyn Waine[21] 6,582 14.4 New
Green Keith Kondakor[22] 1,281 2.8 New
Liberal Democrats Christina Jebb[23] 816 1.8 Decrease13.5
TUSC Paul Reilly 194 0.4 New
English Democrat Steve Paxton 104 0.2 New
Majority 4,882 10.6 Increase6.0
Turnout 45,749 67.2 Increase1.4
Conservative hold Swing Increase3.0
General election 2010: Nuneaton[24][25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Marcus Jones 18,536 41.5 Increase4.6
Labour Jayne Innes[26] 16,467 36.9 Decrease9.8
Liberal Democrats Christina Jebb 6,846 15.3 Increase2.8
BNP Martyn Findley 2,797 6.3 New
Majority 2,069 4.6 N/A
Turnout 44,646 65.8 Increase6.9
Conservative gain from Labour Swing Increase7.2

Elections in the 2000s

General election 2005: Nuneaton[27][28]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Bill Olner 19,945 44.0 Decrease8.1
Conservative Mark Pawsey 17,665 39.0 Increase4.3
Liberal Democrats Ali Asghar 5,884 13.0 Increase1.9
UKIP Keith Tyson 1,786 3.9 Increase1.9
Majority 2,280 5.0 Decrease12.4
Turnout 45,279 61.7 Increase1.6
Labour hold Swing Decrease6.2
General election 2001: Nuneaton [29][30]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Bill Olner 22,577 52.1 -4.1
Conservative Mark Lancaster 15,042 34.7 +3.8
Liberal Democrats Tony Ferguson 4,820 11.1 +2.3
UKIP Brian James 873 2.0 +1.5
Majority 7,535 17.4 -7.9
Turnout 43,312 60.1 -14.3
Labour hold Swing -3.95

Elections in the 1990s

General election 1997: Nuneaton [31]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Bill Olner 30,080 56.2 +10.4
Conservative Richard Blunt 16,540 30.9 -12.1
Liberal Democrats Ron Cockings 4,732 8.8 -2.4
Referendum Roy English 1,533 2.9 New
Independent David Bray 390 0.7 New
UKIP Peter Everitt 238 0.5 New
Majority 13,540 25.3 +22.5
Turnout 53,513 74.4 -8.6
Labour hold Swing +11.3
General election 1992: Nuneaton [32][33]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Bill Olner 27,157 45.8 +11.2
Conservative Lewis Stevens 25,526 43.0 -1.9
Liberal Democrats Ruth Merritt 6,671 11.2 -8.0
Majority 1,631 2.8 N/A
Turnout 59,354 83.0 +2.7
Labour gain from Conservative Swing +6.55

Elections in the 1980s

General election 1987: Nuneaton [34]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Lewis Stevens 24,630 44.9 +4.4
Labour Valerie Veness 18,975 34.6 +4.0
Liberal Andrew Trembath 10,550 19.2 New
Green John Morrissey 719 1.3 New
Majority 5,655 10.3 +0.4
Turnout 54,874 80.3 +3.0
Conservative hold Swing +0.2
General election 1983: Nuneaton [35]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Lewis Stevens 20,666 40.5 +2.8
Labour John Haynes 15,605 30.6 -19.3
SDP Ruth Levitt 14,264 28.0 New
Independent GE Davies 504 1.0 0.0
Majority 5,061 9.9 N/A
Turnout 51,039 77.3 -1.2
Conservative gain from Labour Swing +11.05

Elections in the 1970s

General election 1979: Nuneaton
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Les Huckfield 31,403 49.9 -6.2
Conservative Lewis Stevens 23,715 37.7 +12.4
Liberal Cecil Williams 6,184 9.8 -8.8
National Front RP Matthews 1,028 1.6 New
Independent GE Davies 504 1.0 New
Majority 7,688 12.2 -18.6
Turnout 62,959 78.5 +4.6
Labour hold Swing -9.35
General election October 1974: Nuneaton
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Les Huckfield 32,308 56.10 +2.25
Conservative R Freeman 14,547 25.30 -1.05
Liberal N Hawkins 10,729 18.60 -1.19
Majority 17,761 30.80 +3.30
Turnout 57,584 73.90 -8.51
Labour hold Swing +1.65
General election February 1974: Nuneaton
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Les Huckfield 34,258 53.85 -3.58
Conservative D Samuel 16,765 26.35 -6.34
Liberal D Inman 12,491 19.79 +10.00
Majority 17,493 27.50 +2.86
Turnout 63,614 82.41 +6.21
Labour hold Swing +1.38
General election 1970: Nuneaton
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Les Huckfield 32,877 57.43 +3.45
Conservative Susan Lewis-Smith 18,769 32.79 +1.23
Liberal Alex Harrison 5,602 9.79 -4.67
Majority 14,108 24.64 +2.22
Turnout 57,248 76.20 -3.48
Labour hold Swing +7.65

Elections in the 1960s

By Election 1967: Nuneaton
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Les Huckfield 18,239 42.08 -11.10
Conservative David Knox 14,185 32.73 +1.17
Liberal Alan Meredith 7,644 17.64 +3.18
All Party Alliance John Creasey 2,755 6.36 New
Independent Don Bennett 517 1.19 New
Majority 4,054 9.35 -13.07
Turnout 43,340 67.90 -11.78
Labour hold Swing -5.37
General election 1966: Nuneaton
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Frank Cousins 27,452 53.98 +1.20
Conservative David S Marland 16,049 31.56 +2.48
Liberal Alan Meredith 7,356 14.46 -3.67
Majority 11,403 22.42 -1.26
Turnout 50,857 79.68 -0.43
Labour hold Swing +4.22
By Election 1965: Nuneaton
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Frank Cousins 18,325 48.92 -3.86
Conservative David S Marland 13,084 34.93 +5.85
Liberal John Campbell 6,047 16.14 -1.99
Majority 5,241 13.99 -9.71
Turnout 37,456 60.80 -19.91
Labour hold Swing -4.86
General election 1964: Nuneaton
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Frank Bowles 26,059 52.78 +0.34
Conservative David S Marland 14,357 29.08 -3.26
Liberal John Campbell 8,953 18.13 +2.91
Majority 11,702 23.70 +3.60
Turnout 49,369 80.11 -1.69
Labour hold Swing +1.80

Elections in the 1950s

General election 1959: Nuneaton
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Frank Bowles 24,894 52.44 -3.39
Conservative Charles G Miller 15,354 32.34 -0.62
Liberal John Campbell 7,227 15.22 +4.00
Majority 9,540 20.10 -2.76
Turnout 47,475 81.80 -2.11
Labour hold Swing -1.39
General election 1955: Nuneaton
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Frank Bowles 25,112 55.83 -5.8
Conservative Robert Dermott D Griffith 14,828 32.96 +3.74
Liberal John Beeching Frankenburg 5,048 11.22 +0.47
Majority 10,284 22.87 -7.94
Turnout 44,988 79.69 -5.33
Labour hold Swing -2.06
General election 1951: Nuneaton[36]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Frank Bowles 35,651 60.03 +1.33
Conservative James E Tippett 17,356 29.22 +1.62
Liberal GC Middleton 6,386 10.75 -2.95
Majority 18,295 30.81 -0.39
Turnout 59,393 85.02 -2.28
Labour hold Swing -0.15
General election 1950: Nuneaton
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Frank Bowles 35,129 58.7 +0.2
Conservative Phylis G Spencer 16,488 27.6 +4.2
Liberal Jack A Harris 8,177 13.7 -3.5
Majority 18,641 31.1 -4.0
Turnout 59,794 87.3 +8.6
Labour hold Swing

Elections in the 1940s

General election 1945: Nuneaton
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Frank Bowles 30,587 58.5 +10.1
Conservative John Fitzroy-Newdegate 12,267 23.4 -17.4
Liberal Peter Calvocoressi 8,986 17.2 +6.4
Independent Progressive Leonard Melling 468 0.9 New
Majority 18,320 35.1 +27.5
Turnout 52,308 78.7 +2.8
Labour hold Swing
1942 Nuneaton by-election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Frank Bowles Unopposed N/A N/A
Labour hold Swing

General Election 1939–40: Another general election was required to take place before the end of 1940. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place from 1939 and by the end of this year, the following candidates had been selected;

Elections in the 1930s

General election 1935: Nuneaton
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Reginald Fletcher 33,237 48.4 +10.7
Conservative John Moores 28,000 40.8 -0.9
Liberal William Thomas Stanton 7,384 10.8 New
Majority 5,237 7.6 +3.6
Turnout 68,621 75.9 -2.1
Labour gain from Conservative Swing
General election 1931: Nuneaton
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Edward North 25,839 41.7 +17.4
Labour Frank Smith 23,375 37.7 -6.7
National Liberal Herbert Willison 12,811 20.6 -10.7
Majority 2,464 4.0 N/A
Turnout 62,025 78.0 -6.1
Conservative gain from Labour Swing

Elections in the 1920s

General election 1929: Nuneaton
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Frank Smith 27,102 44.4 +13.1
Liberal Herbert Willison 19,104 31.3 +0.3
Unionist Arthur Hope 14,819 24.3 -13.4
Majority 7,998 13.1 N/A
Turnout 60,395 84.1 +5.4
Labour gain from Unionist Swing +13.2
General election 1924: Nuneaton
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist Arthur Hope 15,242 37.7 +7.2
Labour Frank Smith 12,679 31.3 +2.2
Liberal Herbert Willison 12,550 31.0 -9.4
Majority 2,563 6.4 -3.5
Turnout 40,471 78.7 +6.1
Unionist gain from Liberal Swing N/A
General election 1923: Nuneaton [37]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Herbert Willison 14,518 40.4 +11.2
Unionist Henry Maddocks 10,940 30.5 -7.8
Labour Thomas Barron 10,437 29.1 -3.4
Majority 3,578 9.9 N/A
Turnout 35,895 72.6 +2.8
Liberal gain from Unionist Swing +9.5
General election 1922: Nuneaton
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist Henry Maddocks 12,765 38.3 -7.9
Labour J Stevenson 10,842 32.5 +6.7
Liberal Thomas Slack 9,730 29.2 +5.7
Majority 1,923 5.8 -14.6
Turnout 33,337 69.8 +13.9
Unionist hold Swing -7.3

Elections in the 1910s

General election 1918: Nuneaton
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist *Henry Maddocks 11,198 46.2 -1.6
Labour Ivor Gregory 6,269 25.8 -16.4
Liberal William Henry Grant 5,707 23.5 New
National Democratic William Henry Dyson 1,101 4.5 New
Majority 4,929 20.4 N/A
Turnout 24,275 55.9 -34.1
Unionist gain from Liberal Swing
  • denotes candidate who was endorsed by the Coalition Government.

Election results 1885-1918

Elections in the 1880s

General election 1885: Nuneaton [38][39][40]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Jasper Johns 4,445 51.6
Conservative John Dugdale 4,169 48.4
Majority 276 3.2
Turnout 8,614 85.6
Registered electors 10,061
Liberal win (new seat)
General election 1886: Nuneaton [38][39]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative John Dugdale 4,626 56.2 +7.8
Liberal Jasper Johns 3,608 43.8 -7.8
Majority 1,018 12.4 N/A
Turnout 8,234 81.8 3.8
Registered electors 10,061
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +7.8

Elections in the 1890s

General election 1892: Nuneaton [38][39]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Francis Newdegate 4,899 53.5 2.7
Liberal Charles Vero 4,258 46.5 +2.7
Majority 641 7.0 5.4
Turnout 9,157 88.6 +6.8
Registered electors 10,336
Conservative hold Swing 2.7
Tomkinson
General election 1895: Nuneaton [38][39][41]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Francis Newdegate 5,572 57.2 +3.7
Liberal James Tomkinson 4,175 42.8 -3.7
Majority 1,397 14.4 +7.4
Turnout 9,747 87.7 0.9
Registered electors 11,114
Conservative hold Swing +3.7

Elections in the 1900s

General election 1900: Nuneaton [38][39][41]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Francis Newdegate 5,736 56.4 0.8
Lib-Lab William Johnson 4,432 43.6 +0.8
Majority 1,304 12.8 1.6
Turnout 10,168 78.9 8.8
Registered electors 12,894
Conservative hold Swing 0.8
Johnson
General election 1906: Nuneaton [38][39]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Lib-Lab William Johnson 7,677 56.8 +13.2
Conservative Francis Newdigate-Newdegate 5,849 43.2 -13.2
Majority 1,828 13.6 N/A
Turnout 13,526 90.0 +11.1
Registered electors 15,021
Lib-Lab gain from Conservative Swing +13.2

Elections in the 1910s

General election January 1910: Nuneaton [38][42]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour William Johnson 8,154 50.8 6.0
Conservative Henry Maddocks 7,891 49.2 +6.0
Majority 263 1.6 12.0
Turnout 16,045 91.9 +1.9
Registered electors 17,451
Labour hold Swing 6.0
General election December 1910: Nuneaton [38][42]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour William Johnson 8,199 52.2 +1.4
Conservative Henry Maddocks 7,501 47.8 -1.4
Majority 698 4.4 +2.8
Turnout 15,700 90.0 -1.9
Registered electors 17,451
Labour hold Swing +1.4

General Election 1914–15:

Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;

See also

References

Specific
  1. "Electorate Figures - Boundary Commission for England". 2011 Electorate Figures. Boundary Commission for England. 4 March 2011. Archived from the original on 6 November 2010. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
  2. Reuters Editorial (24 June 2016). "Parliamentary bellwether Nuneaton votes strongly for Leave". Reuters. Retrieved 17 September 2016. {{cite news}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  3. Sandhu, Serina (12 December 2019). "What bellwether means and which seats could predict the election result". inews.co.uk. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
  4. "Conservatives win Nuneaton key battleground". BBC News. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
  5. "Nuneaton Poll" (PDF).
  6. "The Parliamentary Constituencies (Birmingham and North Warwickshire) Order 1955. SI 1955/177". Statutory Instruments 1955. Part II. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1956. pp. 2099–2102.
  7. Almanac of British Politics, 3rd edition, Robert Waller
  8. seat, Profile: The safe (15 July 2000). "The glittering prize" via www.telegraph.co.uk.
  9. Coventry Telegraph 27 March 2007 Accessed 26 November 2007
  10. "Labour's 106 battleground target seats for 2015". LabourList. 8 January 2013.
  11. Holehouse, Matthew (17 March 2015). "Labour ahead in key marginals". The Daily Telegraph. London.
  12. Walker, Peter (12 May 2015). "Can the explanation for Labour's election failure be found in Nuneaton?". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 17 September 2016.
  13. "Why Nuneaton was the Basildon of 2015". BBC News. 13 May 2015.
  14. Heritage, Stuart (14 June 2015). "Labour's leadership hopefuls: can any of them win over the voters of Nuneaton?" via www.theguardian.com.
  15. Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "N" (part 3)
  16. From 1902 Francis Newdigate-Newdegate
  17. "Nuneaton Parliamentary constituency". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
  18. Marcus Jones [@Marcus4Nuneaton] (28 April 2017). "Delighted to have been unanimously re-adopted as the Conservative candidate for #Nuneaton constituency for the 2017 general election" (Tweet) via Twitter.
  19. "Tories take control in Warwickshire". BBC News. 5 May 2017.
  20. "Election Data 2015". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  21. Malyon, Mike (18 December 2014). "Wife of expelled Tory to stand for UKIP in Nuneaton next year". coventrytelegraph.
  22. "Green councillor joins Nuneaton MP battle | Nuneaton News". Archived from the original on 25 November 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
  23. "List of selected candidates". Archived from the original on 19 March 2015.
  24. "Election Data 2010". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  25. "UK > England > West Midlands > Nuneaton". Election 2010. BBC. 7 May 2010. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
  26. "BBC News | Election 2010 | Constituency | Nuneaton". news.bbc.co.uk.
  27. "Election Data 2005". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  28. "Results for Nuneaton".
  29. "Election Data 2001". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  30. "Nuneaton". BBC News.
  31. "Election Data 1997". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  32. "Election Data 1992". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  33. "Politics Resources". Election 1992. Politics Resources. 9 April 1992. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
  34. "Election Data 1987". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  35. "Election Data 1983". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  36. The Times' Guide to the House of Commons. 1951.
  37. British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, FWS Craig
  38. British Parliamentary Election Results 1885-1918, FWS Craig
  39. The Liberal Year Book, 1907
  40. Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1886
  41. Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1901
  42. Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1916
General

Craig, F. W. S. (1983). British parliamentary election results 1918-1949 (3 ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. ISBN 0-900178-06-X.

Notes

Notes
  1. A county constituency (for the purposes of election expenses and type of returning officer)
  2. As with all constituencies, the constituency elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election at least every five years.

52.50°N 1.45°W / 52.50; -1.45

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