Nur Hassan Hussein

Nur Hassan Hussein (Somali: Nuur Xasan Xuseen Cadde, Arabic: نور حسن حسين‎; 2 February 1938 – 1 April 2020), popularly known as Nur Adde,[2][3] was a Somali politician, who served as Prime Minister of Somalia from November 2007 to February 2009. He was from Mogadishu and part of the Abgaal sub-clan of the Hawiye.[4]

Nur Hassan Hussein Adde
نور حسن حسين
Portrait of Prime Minister of Somalia Nur Hassan Hussein Adde.
12th Prime Minister of Somalia
In office
24 November 2007 – 14 February 2009
PresidentAbdullahi Yusuf Ahmed
Adan Mohamed Nuur Madobe (Acting)
Sharif Sheikh Ahmed
DeputyAhmed Abdisalam
Preceded bySalim Aliyow Ibrow (Acting)
Succeeded byOmar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke
Personal details
Born(1938-02-02)2 February 1938[1]
Mogadishu, Italian East Africa
(present-day Somalia)
Died1 April 2020(2020-04-01) (aged 82)
Camberwell, London, England
Political partyTFG
Between 16 December 2008 – 24 December 2008 Mohamoud Mohamed Gacmodhere was prime minister in opposition.

Early career

Hussein began his professional career in the early 1950s as a police officer for Italian Somaliland before Somalia gained its independence.[2] After completing studies in Law at the Somalia National University and the Fiscal Law School in Rome, Hussein became chief police officer and attorney general in 1987 under President Siad Barre, a post he held until 1991[5] when the Somali Civil War broke out. He subsequently served as the Secretary General of the Somali Red Crescent Society (SRCS).[6]

Prime minister

On 22 November 2007, then President of Somalia, Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, nominated Hussein as Prime Minister of the Transitional Federal Government following the earlier resignation of Ali Mohammed Ghedi on 29 October. Salim Aliyow Ibrow served as Interim Prime Minister between the tenure of Gedi and Hussein. Hussein was approved by Transitional Federal Parliament in Baidoa on 24 November, receiving 211 out of 212 votes, and he was sworn in immediately afterwards.[7] Hussein's government, which he described as "all-inclusive",[8] was appointed on 2 December,[8][9] with 73 members; included in the government were 31 ministers, 11 state ministers, and 31 assistant ministers.[9] Hussein received some criticism for the exceptionally large size of the Somali government; according to Hussein, in naming the government he followed the "4.5" formula or quota[10] required by the 2004 Transitional Federal Charter, which provides for the division of posts between four main clans and a grouping of smaller clans.[11] Four of the ministers—Hasan Muhammad Nur Shatigadud (who had been appointed Minister of Home Security), Abdikafi Hassan, Sheikh Aden Maden, and Ibrahim Mohamed Isaq[9]—promptly resigned on 3 December,[8][9] complaining that their clan, the Rahanwein (one of the four major clans), was inadequately represented in the government[8][11] and that they had not been consulted on their appointments beforehand.[9] On 4 December, Deputy Minister for Religious Affairs Sheikh Jama Haji Hussein also resigned, complaining of unfair allocation of posts in the government for his clan, the Jarerweyne, which is one of the smaller clans.[8]

On 17 December, Hussein said that he was replacing his previously appointed government with a "smaller, more effective administration".[12] This new government was planned to include only 17 ministers and five deputy ministers, and was also to include people from outside of Parliament.[12][13]

Hussein appointed 15 ministers[14][15] and five assistant ministers[15][16] on 4 January 2008,[14][15] and they were sworn in on 5 January.[16] Three additional ministers remained to be named.[15][16] Parliament approved the new Cabinet on 10 January, with 223 votes in favor, five opposing and two abstaining.[17]

Peacekeeping and difficulties in office

Since the Prime Minister came to office, he pushed for continued peace and unity amongst the Somali nation. The peacekeeping truce which was signed in Djibouti in June 2008 was one of the outcomes of the work of Nur Adde and his government.[18]

Hussein dismissed the Mayor of Mogadishu, Mohamed Omar Habeb Dhere, on 30 July 2008; he accused Habeb of incompetence, embezzlement, insubordination, and abuse of power. Habeb, however, resisted this and said that his dismissal had to be approved by President Yusuf; he claimed to have Yusuf's support to remain in office. According to Hussein, his decision was supported by the people of Mogadishu and by the city's traditional elders. The issue of Habeb's dismissal was believed to indicate deepening disagreement between Hussein and Yusuf.[19]

Ten ministers (including two deputy prime ministers) and one assistant minister resigned from Hussein's Cabinet on 2 August 2008. The resigning ministers, most of whom were considered supporters of Yusuf, said that Hussein had not consulted them about Habeb's dismissal; they also criticized Hussein for failing to present a budget to parliament. Hussein reacted by accusing the resigning ministers of trying "to create political instability in the country and disrupt the implementation of the Djibouti agreement between the Somali Transitional Government and the opposition",[19] but he asserted that the government was still functioning properly.[20] At the same time, referring to moves in parliament to impeach him, Hussein said that he was willing to resign if parliament dissolved the government or if doing so would benefit the peace process.[19]

Hussein appointed six new ministers[20][21] on 3 August, saying that the remaining replacements would be appointed after consultations with the people.[21] A no confidence motion against Hussein and his government was presented in Parliament on 25 August. The motion alleged incompetence and embezzlement and criticized the government for failing to present a budget or provide national stability and security. It was submitted by 90 members of Parliament; Parliament had two days to review the motion.[22] Hussein strongly denied the accusations of incompetence and embezzlement.[23]

Hussein and President Yusuf signed a deal on 26 August that was intended to resolve the dispute between them,[24] and they said before Parliament on 28 August that they had agreed on a number of changes, including the addition of five members to the Cabinet and the dissolution of the administrations in Mogadishu and Banadir Region. The vote of confidence against Hussein's government was held on 1 September and was overwhelmingly defeated; there were 191 votes in favor of the government, nine votes against it, and two abstentions.[23]

On 29 October 2008, the leaders of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) asked Hussein to form a new Cabinet in hopes of stabilizing the situation. Hussein said on 31 October that he would do so within 15 days, but that the ministers who had resigned would be excluded from the new Cabinet. He also expressed confidence that a new constitution would be "drafted very soon and subjected to a referendum" and that laws pertaining to political parties and elections would be passed by Parliament during the six months to follow.[25]

President Yusuf announced on 14 December that he had dismissed Hussein and his government. Hussein said that Yusuf did not have the power to fire him without parliamentary approval, while Yusuf said that he believed Parliament would endorse the dismissal.[26] Parliament supported Hussein in a vote on 15 December, but Yusuf nevertheless appointed Mohamoud Mohamed Gacmodhere as Prime Minister to replace Hussein on 16 December. Mustafa Duhullow, the Minister of Agriculture, described this as a "desperate measure" and a "personal wish that will not have legal effect".[27] Guled announced his resignation on 24 December, and Hussein congratulated him on taking "the right step".[28]

Hussein was a candidate for president in the parliamentary vote for that position, held in late January 2009. He placed third in the first round with 59 votes and then withdrew his candidacy; Sharif Ahmed won the election.[29] Ahmed then chose Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke to replace Hussein as Prime Minister on 13 February.[30]

Hussein was appointed Somalia's ambassador to Italy in June 2009.[31]

Death

On 1 April 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Hussein died at King's College Hospital in Camberwell, London whilst infected by COVID-19. He was 83.[32][33]

See also

References
  1. "Nur Hassan Hussein, Former Prime Minister of Somalia, Dies at 82 (Published 2020)". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023.
  2. Abdi, Rashid (22 November 2007). "Profile: Nur Adde, new Somali PM". BBC News.
  3. "The New Humanitarian | Conflict timeline from 2000". 29 June 2009.
  4. "FACTBOX: New Somali PM nominee Nur Hassan Hussein". Reuters. 22 November 2007.
  5. "Somalia names new prime minister". Al Jazeera. 24 November 2007. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  6. Mohamed, Ahmed (22 November 2007). "Somali president nominates candidate for PM". Reuters.com. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  7. "Somalia swears in new prime minister", Reuters (IOL), 24 November 2007.
  8. Ahmed Mohamed, "Somali president flown to Kenya hospital", Reuters (IOL), 4 December 2007.
  9. "Four ministers resign from new government", AFP (IOL), 4 December 2007.
  10. Urgent need for effective human rights protection under the new transitional government
  11. "Somali President Hospitalized in Kenya" Archived 7 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine, VOA News, 4 December 2007.
  12. "Somali PM to appoint smaller Cabinet, fighting kills 8" Archived 19 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Garowe Online, 17 December 2007.
  13. "SOMALIA: Prime minister to name new, leaner cabinet", IRIN, 17 December 2007.
  14. "Somali interim leader collapses", BBC News, 4 January 2008.
  15. "Somali PM names new cabinet", Al Jazeera, 4 January 2007.
  16. "Gunmen free Libyan diplomats" Archived 11 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Reuters (News24.com), 5 January 2008.
  17. "Somalia: Parliament ratifies Prime Minister’s new Cabinet" Archived 13 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Garowe Online, 10 January 2008.
  18. Sadiki Koko (January 2010). "Conflict Trends". 2010 (3): 48–54. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  19. "Resignation of ministers shows growingrift in transitional gov't" Archived 21 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Xinhua, 3 August 2008.
  20. "SOMALIA: Prime Minister moves to stem political crisis", IRIN, 4 August 2008.
  21. "Somali PM names new ministers", Xinhua, 4 August 2008.
  22. "Somali lawmakers table motion of ousting prime minister", Xinhua (People's Daily Online), 26 August 2008.
  23. "Somali government wins confidence vote" Archived 2 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Xinhua, 1 September 2008.
  24. "Yusuf, Hussein bury their differences", Reuters (IOL), 26 August 2008.
  25. "Somali PM pledges to form new cabinet" Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Middle East Online, 31 October 2008.
  26. "Somali president sacks PM, PM stands firm", AFP, 14 December 2008.
  27. "Somali president names new prime minister", AFP, 16 December 2008.
  28. "More turmoil in Somalia as new PM quits", AFP, 24 December 2008.
  29. Mohammed Ibrahim, "Moderate Elected President in Somalia", The New York Times, 31 January 2009, page A6.
  30. "Son of slain leader chosen as Somali PM", Reuters (IOL), 13 February 2009.
  31. "Somalia: Former PM Becomes Ambassador to Italy". allAfrica.com. 5 September 2009. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  32. "Somalia's ex Prime Minister dies of corona virus". Pulse. April 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  33. "Ex-Somali PM dies of Coronavirus in London". Garowe Online. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
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