Ampere (microarchitecture)
Ampere is the codename for a graphics processing unit (GPU) microarchitecture developed by Nvidia as the successor to both the Volta and Turing architectures. It was officially announced on May 14, 2020 and is named after French mathematician and physicist André-Marie Ampère.[1][2]
| Launched | May 14, 2020 |
|---|---|
| Designed by | Nvidia |
| Manufactured by | |
| Fabrication process | TSMC N7 (professional) Samsung 8N (consumer) |
| Codename(s) | GA10x |
| Product Series | |
| Desktop | |
| Professional/workstation |
|
| Server/datacenter |
|
| Specifications | |
| L1 cache | 128 KB (per SM) |
| L2 cache | 2 MB to 6 MB |
| Memory support | |
| PCIe support | PCIe 4.0 |
| Supported Graphics APIs | |
| DirectX | DirectX 12 Ultimate (12.2) |
| Direct3D | Direct3D 12.0 |
| Shader Model | Shader Model 6.7 |
| OpenCL | OpenCL 3.0 |
| OpenGL | OpenGL 4.6 |
| CUDA | Compute Capability 8.6 |
| Vulkan | Vulkan 1.3 |
| Media Engine | |
| Encode codecs | |
| Decode codecs | |
| Color bit-depth |
|
| Encoder(s) supported | NVENC |
| Display outputs | |
| History | |
| Predecessor | Turing |
| Successor | Ada Lovelace (consumer) Hopper (datacenter) |
| Support status | |
| Supported | |
Engraving of André-Marie Ampère, eponym of architecture
Nvidia announced the Ampere architecture GeForce 30 series consumer GPUs at a GeForce Special Event on September 1, 2020.[3][4] Nvidia announced the A100 80GB GPU at SC20 on November 16, 2020.[5] Mobile RTX graphics cards and the RTX 3060 based on the Ampere architecture were revealed on January 12, 2021.[6]
Nvidia announced Ampere's successor, Hopper, at GTC 2022, and "Ampere Next Next" for a 2024 release at GPU Technology Conference 2021.
Details
Architectural improvements of the Ampere architecture include the following:
- CUDA Compute Capability 8.0 for A100 and 8.6 for the GeForce 30 series[7]
- TSMC's 7 nm FinFET process for A100
- Custom version of Samsung's 8 nm process (8N) for the GeForce 30 series[8]
- Third-generation Tensor Cores with FP16, bfloat16, TensorFloat-32 (TF32) and FP64 support and sparsity acceleration.[9] The individual Tensor cores have with 256 FP16 FMA operations per second 4x processing power (GA100 only, 2x on GA10x) compared to previous Tensor Core generations; the Tensor Core Count is reduced to one per SM.
- Second-generation ray tracing cores; concurrent ray tracing, shading, and compute for the GeForce 30 series
- High Bandwidth Memory 2 (HBM2) on A100 40GB & A100 80GB
- GDDR6X memory for GeForce RTX 3090, RTX 3080 Ti, RTX 3080, RTX 3070 Ti
- Double FP32 cores per SM on GA10x GPUs
- NVLink 3.0 with a 50Gbit/s per pair throughput[9]
- PCI Express 4.0 with SR-IOV support (SR-IOV is reserved only for A100)
- Multi-instance GPU (MIG) virtualization and GPU partitioning feature in A100 supporting up to seven instances
- PureVideo feature set K hardware video decoding with AV1 hardware decoding[10] for the GeForce 30 series and feature set J for A100
- 5 NVDEC for A100
- Adds new hardware-based 5-core JPEG decode (NVJPG) with YUV420, YUV422, YUV444, YUV400, RGBA. Should not be confused with Nvidia NVJPEG (GPU-accelerated library for JPEG encoding/decoding)
Chips
- GA100[11]
- GA102
- GA103
- GA104
- GA106
- GA107
Comparison of Compute Capability: GP100 vs GV100 vs GA100[12]
| GPU features | NVIDIA Tesla P100 | NVIDIA Tesla V100 | NVIDIA A100 |
|---|---|---|---|
| GPU codename | GP100 | GV100 | GA100 |
| GPU architecture | NVIDIA Pascal | NVIDIA Volta | NVIDIA Ampere |
| Compute capability | 6.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 |
| Threads / warp | 32 | 32 | 32 |
| Max warps / SM | 64 | 64 | 64 |
| Max threads / SM | 2048 | 2048 | 2048 |
| Max thread blocks / SM | 32 | 32 | 32 |
| Max 32-bit registers / SM | 65536 | 65536 | 65536 |
| Max registers / block | 65536 | 65536 | 65536 |
| Max registers / thread | 255 | 255 | 255 |
| Max thread block size | 1024 | 1024 | 1024 |
| FP32 cores / SM | 64 | 64 | 64 |
| Ratio of SM registers to FP32 cores | 1024 | 1024 | 1024 |
| Shared Memory Size / SM | 64 KB | Configurable up to 96 KB | Configurable up to 164 KB |
Comparison of Precision Support Matrix[13][14]
| Supported CUDA Core Precisions | Supported Tensor Core Precisions | |||||||||||||||
| FP16 | FP32 | FP64 | INT1 | INT4 | INT8 | TF32 | BF16 | FP16 | FP32 | FP64 | INT1 | INT4 | INT8 | TF32 | BF16 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NVIDIA Tesla P4 | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| NVIDIA P100 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| NVIDIA Volta | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| NVIDIA Turing | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| NVIDIA A100 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Legend:
- FPnn: floating point with nn bits
- INTn: integer with n bits
- INT1: binary
- TF32: TensorFloat32
- BF16: bfloat16
Comparison of Decode Performance
| Concurrent streams | H.264 decode (1080p30) | H.265 (HEVC) decode (1080p30) | VP9 decode (1080p30) |
|---|---|---|---|
| V100 | 16 | 22 | 22 |
| A100 | 75 | 157 | 108 |
A100 accelerator and DGX A100
The Ampere-based A100 accelerator was announced and released on May 14, 2020.[9] The A100 features 19.5 teraflops of FP32 performance, 6912 CUDA cores, 40GB of graphics memory, and 1.6TB/s of graphics memory bandwidth.[15] The A100 accelerator was initially available only in the 3rd generation of DGX server, including 8 A100s.[9] Also included in the DGX A100 is 15TB of PCIe gen 4 NVMe storage,[15] two 64-core AMD Rome 7742 CPUs, 1 TB of RAM, and Mellanox-powered HDR InfiniBand interconnect. The initial price for the DGX A100 was $199,000.[9]
Comparison of accelerators used in DGX:[16][17][18]
Accelerator |
|---|
| H100 |
| A100 80GB |
| A100 40GB |
| V100 32GB |
| V100 16GB |
| P100 |
| Architecture | Socket | FP32 CUDA Cores | FP64 Cores (excl. Tensor) | Mixed INT32/FP32 Cores | INT32 Cores | Boost Clock | Memory Clock | Memory Bus Width | Memory Bandwidth | VRAM | Single Precision (FP32) | Double Precision (FP64) | INT8 (non-Tensor) | INT8 Dense Tensor | INT32 | FP16 | FP16 Dense Tensor | bfloat16 Dense Tensor | TensorFloat-32 (TF32) Dense Tensor | FP64 Dense Tensor | Interconnect (NVLink) | GPU | L1 Cache Size | L2 Cache Size | TDP | GPU Die Size | Transistor Count | Manufacturing Process |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hopper | SXM5 | 16896 | 4608 | 16896 | N/A | 1780 MHz | 4.8Gbit/s HBM3 | 5120-bit | 3072GB/sec | 80GB | 60 TFLOPs | 30 TFLOPs | N/A | 4000 TOPs | N/A | N/A | 2000 TFLOPs | 2000 TFLOPs | 1000 TFLOPs | 60 TFLOPs | 900GB/sec | GH100 | 25344KB(192KBx132) | 51200 KB | 700W | 814 mm2 | 80B | TSMC 4 nm N4 |
| Ampere | SXM4 | 6912 | 3456 | 6912 | N/A | 1410 MHz | 3.2Gbit/s HBM2 | 5120-bit | 2039GB/sec | 80GB | 19.5 TFLOPs | 9.7 TFLOPs | N/A | 624 TOPs | 19.5 TOPs | 78 TFLOPs | 312 TFLOPs | 312 TFLOPs | 156 TFLOPs | 19.5 TFLOPs | 600GB/sec | GA100 | 20736KB(192KBx108) | 40960 KB | 400W | 826 mm2 | 54.2B | TSMC 7 nm N7 |
| Ampere | SXM4 | 6912 | 3456 | 6912 | N/A | 1410 MHz | 2.4Gbit/s HBM2 | 5120-bit | 1555GB/sec | 40GB | 19.5 TFLOPs | 9.7 TFLOPs | N/A | 624 TOPs | 19.5 TOPs | 78 TFLOPs | 312 TFLOPs | 312 TFLOPs | 156 TFLOPs | 19.5 TFLOPs | 600GB/sec | GA100 | 20736KB(192KBx108) | 40960 KB | 400W | 826 mm2 | 54.2B | TSMC 7 nm N7 |
| Volta | SXM3 | 5120 | 2560 | N/A | 5120 | 1530 MHz | 1.75Gbit/s HBM2 | 4096-bit | 900GB/sec | 32GB | 15.7 TFLOPs | 7.8 TFLOPs | 62 TOPs | N/A | 15.7 TOPs | 31.4 TFLOPs | 125 TFLOPs | N/A | N/A | N/A | 300GB/sec | GV100 | 10240KB(128KBx80) | 6144 KB | 350W | 815 mm2 | 21.1B | TSMC 12 nm FFN |
| Volta | SXM2 | 5120 | 2560 | N/A | 5120 | 1530 MHz | 1.75Gbit/s HBM2 | 4096-bit | 900GB/sec | 16GB | 15.7 TFLOPs | 7.8 TFLOPs | 62 TOPs | N/A | 15.7 TOPs | 31.4 TFLOPs | 125 TFLOPs | N/A | N/A | N/A | 300GB/sec | GV100 | 10240KB(128KBx80) | 6144 KB | 300W | 815 mm2 | 21.1B | TSMC 12 nm FFN |
| Pascal | SXM/SXM2 | N/A | 1792 | 3584 | N/A | 1480 MHz | 1.4Gbit/s HBM2 | 4096-bit | 720GB/sec | 16GB | 10.6 TFLOPs | 5.3 TFLOPs | N/A | N/A | N/A | 21.2 TFLOPs | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 160GB/sec | GP100 | 1344KB(24KBx56) | 4096 KB | 300W | 610 mm2 | 15.3B | TSMC 16 nm FinFET+ |
Products using Ampere
- GeForce MX series
- GeForce MX570 (mobile) (GA107)
- GeForce 20 series
- GeForce RTX 2050 (mobile) (GA107)
- GeForce 30 series
- GeForce RTX 3050 Laptop GPU (GA107)
- GeForce RTX 3050 (GA106 or GA107)[19]
- GeForce RTX 3050 Ti Laptop GPU (GA107)
- GeForce RTX 3060 Laptop GPU (GA106)
- GeForce RTX 3060 (GA106 or GA104)[20]
- GeForce RTX 3060 Ti (GA104 or GA103)[21]
- GeForce RTX 3070 Laptop GPU (GA104)
- GeForce RTX 3070 (GA104)
- GeForce RTX 3070 Ti Laptop GPU (GA104)
- GeForce RTX 3070 Ti (GA104 or GA102)[22]
- GeForce RTX 3080 Laptop GPU (GA104)
- GeForce RTX 3080 (GA102)
- GeForce RTX 3080 12GB (GA102)
- GeForce RTX 3080 Ti Laptop GPU (GA103)
- GeForce RTX 3080 Ti (GA102)
- GeForce RTX 3090 (GA102)
- GeForce RTX 3090 Ti (GA102)
- Nvidia Workstation GPUs (formerly Quadro)
- RTX A1000 (mobile) (GA107)
- RTX A2000 (mobile) (GA107)
- RTX A2000 (GA106)
- RTX A3000 (mobile) (GA104)
- RTX A4000 (mobile) (GA104)
- RTX A4000 (GA104)
- RTX A4500 (GA102)
- RTX A5000 (mobile) (GA104)
- RTX A5000 (GA102)
- RTX A5500 (GA102)
- RTX A6000 (GA102)
- Nvidia Data Center GPUs (formerly Tesla)
- Nvidia A2 (GA107)
- Nvidia A10 (GA102)
- Nvidia A16 (4 × GA107)
- Nvidia A30 (GA100)
- Nvidia A40 (GA102)
- Nvidia A100 (GA100)
- Nvidia A100 80GB (GA100)
| GA107 | GA106 | GA104 | GA103 | GA102 | GA100 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GeForce MX series | GeForce MX570 (mobile) | — | — | — | — | — |
| GeForce 20 series | GeForce RTX 2050 (mobile) | — | — | — | — | — |
| GeForce 30 series | GeForce RTX 3050 Laptop GeForce RTX 3050[19] GeForce RTX 3050 Ti Laptop |
GeForce RTX 3050 GeForce RTX 3060 Laptop GeForce RTX 3060 |
GeForce RTX 3060[20] GeForce RTX 3060 Ti GeForce RTX 3070 Laptop GeForce RTX 3070 GeForce RTX 3070 Ti Laptop GeForce RTX 3070 Ti GeForce RTX 3080 Laptop |
GeForce RTX 3060 Ti[21] GeForce RTX 3080 Ti Laptop |
GeForce RTX 3070 Ti[22] GeForce RTX 3080 GeForce RTX 3080 Ti GeForce RTX 3090 GeForce RTX 3090 Ti |
— |
| Nvidia Workstation GPUs | RTX A2000 (mobile) | RTX A2000 | RTX A3000 (mobile) RTX A4000 (mobile) RTX A4000 RTX A5000 (mobile) | — | RTX A4500 RTX A5000 RTX A5500 RTX A6000 | — |
| Nvidia Data Center GPUs | Nvidia A2 Nvidia A16 | — | — | — | Nvidia A10 Nvidia A40 | Nvidia A30 Nvidia A100 |
See also
References
- Newsroom, NVIDIA. "NVIDIA's New Ampere Data Center GPU in Full Production". NVIDIA Newsroom Newsroom.
- "NVIDIA Ampere Architecture In-Depth". NVIDIA Developer Blog. May 14, 2020.
- "NVIDIA Delivers Greatest-Ever Generational Leap with GeForce RTX 30 Series GPUs". Nvidia Newsroom. September 1, 2020. Retrieved April 9, 2023.
- "NVIDIA GeForce Ultimate Countdown". Nvidia.
- "NVIDIA Doubles Down: Announces A100 80GB GPU, Supercharging World's Most Powerful GPU for AI Supercomputing". Nvidia Newsroom. November 16, 2020. Retrieved April 9, 2023.
- "NVIDIA GeForce Beyond at CES 2023". NVIDIA.
- "I.7. Compute Capability 8.x". Nvidia. Retrieved September 23, 2020.
- Bosnjak, Dominik (September 1, 2020). "Samsung's old 8nm tech at the heart of NVIDIA's monstrous Ampere cards". SamMobile. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
- Smith, Ryan (May 14, 2020). "NVIDIA Ampere Unleashed: NVIDIA Announces New GPU Architecture, A100 GPU, and Accelerator". AnandTech.
- Delgado, Gerardo (September 1, 2020). "GeForce RTX 30 Series GPUs: Ushering In A New Era of Video Content With AV1 Decode". Nvidia. Retrieved April 9, 2023.
- Morgan, Timothy Prickett (May 29, 2020). "Diving Deep Into The Nvidia Ampere GPU Architecture". The Next Platform. Retrieved March 24, 2022.
- "NVIDIA A100 Tensor Core GPU Architecture: Unprecedented Accerlation at Every Scale" (PDF). Nvidia. Retrieved September 18, 2020.
- "NVIDIA Tensor Cores: Versatility for HPC & AI". NVIDIA.
- "Abstract". docs.nvidia.com.
- Tom Warren; James Vincent (May 14, 2020). "Nvidia's first Ampere GPU is designed for data centers and AI, not your PC". The Verge.
- Smith, Ryan (March 22, 2022). "NVIDIA Hopper GPU Architecture and H100 Accelerator Announced: Working Smarter and Harder". AnandTech.
- Smith, Ryan (May 14, 2020). "NVIDIA Ampere Unleashed: NVIDIA Announces New GPU Architecture, A100 GPU, and Accelerator". AnandTech.
- "NVIDIA Tesla V100 tested: near unbelievable GPU power". TweakTown. September 17, 2017.
- Igor, Wallossek (February 13, 2022). "The two faces of the GeForce RTX 3050 8GB". Igor's Lab. Retrieved February 23, 2022.
- Shilov, Anton (September 25, 2021). "Gainward and Galax List GeForce RTX 3060 Cards With GA104 GPU". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
- Tyson, Mark (February 23, 2022). "Zotac Debuts First RTX 3060 Ti Desktop Cards With GA103 GPU". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
- WhyCry (October 26, 2022). "ZOTAC launches GeForce RTX 3070 Ti with GA102-150 GPU". VideoCardz. Retrieved May 21, 2023.
External links
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