ORFeome

In, molecular genetics, an ORFeome refers to the complete set of open reading frames (ORFs) in a genome. The term may also be used to describe a set of cloned ORFs.[1] ORFs correspond to the protein coding sequences (CDS) of genes. ORFs can be found in genome sequences by computer programs such as GENSCAN and then amplified by PCR. While this is relatively trivial in bacteria the problem is non-trivial in eukaryotic genomes because of the presence of introns and exons as well as splice variants.

Use in research

The usage of complete ORFeomes reflects a new trend in biology that can be succinctly summarized as omics. ORFeomes are used for the study of protein-protein interactions,[2][3] protein microarrays, the study of antigens,[4] and other fields of study.

Cloned ORFeomes

Complete ORF sets have been cloned for a number of organisms including Brucella melitensis,[5] Chlamydia pneumoniae,[6] Escherichia coli,[7] Neisseria gonorrhoeae,[8]

Pseudomonas aeruginosa,[9] Schizosaccharomyces pombe,

    Staphylococcus aureus[10]

    and human herpesviruses[11]

    A partial human ORFeome has also been produced.[12][13]

    References
    1. Ohara, O. (2009). "ORFeome Cloning". Reverse Chemical Genetics. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 577. pp. 3–9. doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-232-2_1. ISBN 978-1-60761-231-5. PMID 19718504.
    2. Titz B, Rajagopala SV, Goll J, Häuser R, McKevitt MT, Palzkill T, Uetz P (2008). Hall N (ed.). "The binary protein interactome of Treponema pallidum--the syphilis spirochete". PLOS ONE. 3 (5): e2292. Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.2292T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002292. PMC 2386257. PMID 18509523. open access
    3. Uetz P, Rajagopala SV, Dong YA, Haas J (Oct 2004). "From ORFeomes to protein interaction maps in viruses". Genome Research. 14 (10B): 2029–33. doi:10.1101/gr.2583304. PMID 15489322.
    4. McKevitt, Matthew; Brinkman, Mary Beth; McLoughlin, Melanie; Perez, Carla; Howell, Jerrilyn K.; Weinstock, George M.; Norris, Steven J.; Palzkill, Timothy (2005-07-01). "Genome scale identification of Treponema pallidum antigens". Infection and Immunity. 73 (7): 4445–4450. doi:10.1128/IAI.73.7.4445-4450.2005. ISSN 0019-9567. PMC 1168556. PMID 15972547.
    5. Viadas C, Rodríguez MC, García-Lobo JM, Sangari FJ, López-Goñi I (Oct 2009). "Construction and evaluation of an ORFeome-based Brucella whole-genome DNA microarray". Microbial Pathogenesis. 47 (4): 189–95. doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2009.06.002. PMID 19524659.
    6. Maier CJ, Maier RH, Virok DP, Maass M, Hintner H, Bauer JW, Onder K (2012). "Construction of a highly flexible and comprehensive gene collection representing the ORFeome of the human pathogen Chlamydia pneumoniae". BMC Genomics. 13: 632. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-13-632. PMC 3534531. PMID 23157390.
    7. Rajagopala SV, Yamamoto N, Zweifel AE, Nakamichi T, Huang HK, Mendez-Rios JD, Franca-Koh J, Boorgula MP, Fujita K, Suzuki K, Hu JC, Wanner BL, Mori H, Uetz P (2010). "The Escherichia coli K-12 ORFeome: a resource for comparative molecular microbiology". BMC Genomics. 11: 470. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-11-470. PMC 3091666. PMID 20701780.
    8. Brettin T, Altherr MR, Du Y, Mason RM, Friedrich A, Potter L, Langford C, Keller TJ, Jens J, Howie H, Weyand NJ, Clary S, Prichard K, Wachocki S, Sodergren E, Dillard JP, Weinstock G, So M, Arvidson CG (2005). "Expression capable library for studies of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, version 1.0". BMC Microbiology. 5: 50. doi:10.1186/1471-2180-5-50. PMC 1236931. PMID 16137322.
    9. Labaer J, Qiu Q, Anumanthan A, Mar W, Zuo D, Murthy TV, Taycher H, Halleck A, Hainsworth E, Lory S, Brizuela L (Oct 2004). "The Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 gene collection". Genome Research. 14 (10B): 2190–200. doi:10.1101/gr.2482804. PMC 528936. PMID 15489342.
    10. Brandner CJ, Maier RH, Henderson DS, Hintner H, Bauer JW, Onder K (2008). "The ORFeome of Staphylococcus aureus v 1.1". BMC Genomics. 9: 321. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-9-321. PMC 2474624. PMID 18605992.
    11. Fossum E, Friedel CC, Rajagopala SV, Titz B, Baiker A, Schmidt T, Kraus T, Stellberger T, Rutenberg C, Suthram S, Bandyopadhyay S, Rose D, von Brunn A, Uhlmann M, Zeretzke C, Dong YA, Boulet H, Koegl M, Bailer SM, Koszinowski U, Ideker T, Uetz P, Zimmer R, Haas J (Sep 2009). Sun R (ed.). "Evolutionarily conserved herpesviral protein interaction networks". PLOS Pathogens. 5 (9): e1000570. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000570. PMC 2731838. PMID 19730696.
    12. Lamesch P, Li N, Milstein S, Fan C, Hao T, Szabo G, Hu Z, Venkatesan K, Bethel G, Martin P, Rogers J, Lawlor S, McLaren S, Dricot A, Borick H, Cusick ME, Vandenhaute J, Dunham I, Hill DE, Vidal M (Mar 2007). "hORFeome v3.1: a resource of human open reading frames representing over 10,000 human genes". Genomics. 89 (3): 307–15. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2006.11.012. PMC 4647941. PMID 17207965.
    13. http://horfdb.dfci.harvard.edu/ Human ORFeome 2011 Release
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