Old State House (Dover, Delaware)

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  The building's exterior in 2010
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  Old State Senate chamber
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  Original courtroom

The Old State House is an elegant brick building constructed in the late Middle Georgian style. It boasts five bays and is laid in Flemish bond at the front and Liverpool bond on the sides, both displaying excellent craftsmanship. The windows are topped with marble lintels, while the water table is also adorned with marble. A fanlight can be seen above the door, and at the center of the second-floor fenestration is a beautiful Palladian window. The building is crowned with a shingled-hipped roof and an octagonal cupola. The State House underwent a complete reconstruction between 1787 and 1792, incorporating the hard brick and other reusable materials from its predecessor, a courthouse built in 1722.

Except for unfortunate changes in 1873-1875, which substituted a mansard roof and bricked in most of the Palladian window, exterior alterations to the State House have been in the form of attached wings, added between 1836 and 1926. In 1910 the original roof line and five second-floor windows were restored to their pre-l873 appearance. The enlargements are a brick two-story and basement addition to the east, built in 1836 and extended in 1895-1897; a pillared rotunda and south wing in 1910; and an annex to the east in 1925-1926. In 1968-1969 the rotunda was removed, leaving an inconspicuous single-story recessed structure between the original Old State House and the remodeled former south wing, now a separate Supreme Court Building.

The interior of both the oldest section and the successive additions has been repeatedly altered to meet changing needs. Research to determine the nature and dates of these changes is far advanced. Restoration of the original 1787-1792 State House is scheduled for the near future.

The State House stands on The Green, centrally located in the Colonial portion of Dover. It faces west, occupying, the Supreme Court Building, all the east side of the small eighteenth-century square. The State House shares The Green with Kent County Courthouse, private homes, several of them handsome, and former private homes converted to State or professional office use. A four-lane street, widened for extra parking in front of the State House, separates the tree-shaded grass plot from the buildings, nearly all of which open directly on the sidewalk. Many are of eighteenth-century date, some with Victorian facades. State Street, a portion of U.S. Alternate 113, bisects The Green parallel with the front of the State House.

To the east of The Green, adjacent to the newer rear additions to the State House, is a large open space laid out circa 1930. About it are centered additional small and medium sized State buildings erected in and after 1932 but of Georgian design to harmonize with the original structure. Together with the public buildings fronting on The Green, they comprise a Capitol Buildings Complex.[2]

The Capitol Buildings Complex in Delaware comprises several important units, but none are as architecturally and historically significant as the Old State House. Since 1777, this building and its surrounding area have been directly or indirectly linked to almost all legislative and executive decisions of the state. It served as the sole seat of the state government from 1792 to 1932 and also functioned as Kent County Courthouse from 1722 to 1873. The Declaration of Independence was read here in July 1776, and King George's portrait was ceremonially burned. Delaware ratified the Federal Constitution on December 7, 1787, making it the First State, at or near the same site. On January 3, 1861, the General Assembly of this northernmost slave state expressed its "unqualified disapproval" of secession within the Old State House. Throughout Delaware's history, other noteworthy events have occurred in or near the Old State House, demonstrating its significance.[2]

• History of early modern period domes

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Old State House (Dover, Delaware).

• Old State House – official site
• Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) No. DE-199, "Delaware State House, East side of The Green, Dover, Kent County, DE", 9 photos, 1 color transparency, 3 data pages, 2 photo caption pages, supplemental material