Hipposideridae

The Hipposideridae are a family of bats commonly known as the Old World leaf-nosed bats. While it has often been seen as a subfamily, Hipposiderinae, of the family Rhinolophidae, it is now more generally classified as its own family.[1] Nevertheless, it is most closely related to Rhinolophidae within the suborder Yinpterochiroptera.[2]

Hipposideridae
Temporal range: Eocene to present
Commerson's leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros commersoni)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Chiroptera
Superfamily: Rhinolophoidea
Family: Hipposideridae
Lydekker, 1891
Type genus
Hipposideros
Gray, 1831
Genera

See text

Synonyms

Taxonomy

The Hipposideridae contain 10 living genera and more than 70 species, mostly in the widespread genus Hipposideros.[3] In addition, several fossil genera are known; the oldest fossils attributed to the family are from the middle Eocene of Europe.[4] In their 1997 Classification of Mammals, Malcolm C. McKenna and Susan K. Bell proposed a division of Hipposideridae (called Rhinonycterinae in their work) into three tribes, one with two subtribes,[5] but these tribes turned out to be non-monophyletic and have been abandoned.[1] A different classification was proposed by Hand and Kirsch in 2003.[6] In 2009, Petr Benda and Peter Vallo proposed a separate tribe, Triaenopini, for the genera Triaenops, Paratriaenops, and possibly Cloeotis,[7] synonymised in a 2014 revision (Foley, et al.) that elevated the family Rhinonycteridae.[8] The Hipposideridae have many different families, previously confused to be the same for their similar appearance. The Hipposideridae fulvus is very similar to the Hipposideridae Pomona, which were a part of the same family in the past. The macrobullatus, considered to be a subspecies of the Hipposideridae are also part of a different family. Among the Hipposideridae species, there is an increased amount of mitochondrial differentation, possibly leading to these subspecies being intermixed and confused as one.[9][10][11]

Genera

The genera included in Hipposideridae are:[12]

Living
  • Anthops (one species; Solomon Islands and Bougainville Island)
  • Asellia (four species; Africa and southwestern Asia; Miocene fossils from Europe)
  • Aselliscus (three species; southeastern Asia and Melanesia)
  • Coelops (at least two species; southeastern Asia; Miocene fossils from Africa)
  • Doryrhina (two species, Africa)
  • Hipposideros (more than sixty species; Africa, southern Eurasia, and Australasia; oldest fossils from the Eocene of Europe; includes Pseudorhinolophus, sometimes considered a separate genus)
  • Macronycteris (five species, Africa and Madagascar)

(Note that genus Paracoelops was previously listed for Vietnam is now a synonym of Hipposideros pomona)

Extinct
  • Archerops (Miocene of Australia)[13]
  • Miophyllorhina (Miocene of Australia)[14]
  • Palaeophyllophora (Eocene to Miocene of Europe)
  • Paraphyllophora (Eocene or Oligocene to Miocene of Europe)
  • Riversleigha (Miocene of Australia)[14]
  • Vaylatsia (Oligocene of Europe)[15]
  • Xenorhinos (Miocene of Australia)[14]

List of species
Hipposideros lankadiva in Sri Lanka
Pseudorhinolophus antiquus skull and lower jaw at the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin
Colony of Hipposideros lankadiva (or perhaps Hipposideros speori) in a cave in Sri Lanka

Notes
  1. This name technically has priority over Hipposiderinae Lydekker, 1891, and some have consequently used "Rhinonycteridae" or "Rhinonycterinae" for this (sub)family; however, Hipposideridae/inae has been in common use since 1907 and is currently retained pending action by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.[1]

References
  1. Simmons, 2005, p. 365
  2. Hutcheon and Kirsch, 2006
  3. Simmons, 2005, pp. 365–379
  4. McKenna and Bell, 1997, p. 306
  5. McKenna and Bell, 1997, pp. 306–307
  6. Hand and Kirsch, 2003, table 3
  7. Benda and Vallo, 2009, p. 33
  8. Foley, Nicole M.; Thong, Vu Dinh; Soisook, Pipat; Goodman, Steven M.; Armstrong, Kyle N.; Jacobs, David S.; Puechmaille, Sébastien J.; Teeling, Emma C. (February 2015). "How and Why Overcome the Impediments to Resolution: Lessons from rhinolophid and hipposiderid Bats". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 32 (2): 313–333. doi:10.1093/molbev/msu329. PMC 4769323. PMID 25433366.
  9. Vallo, Peter; Benda, Petr; Martínková, Natália; Kaňuch, Peter; Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.; Červený, Jaroslav; Koubek, Petr (June 2011). "Morphologically Uniform Bats Hipposideros aff. Ruber (Hipposideridae) Exhibit High Mitochondrial Genetic Diversity in Southeastern Senegal". Acta Chiropterologica. 13 (1): 79–88. doi:10.3161/150811011X578633. ISSN 1508-1109.
  10. Hill, J. E.; Zubaid, A.; Davison, G. W. H. (1 January 1986). "The taxonomy of leaf-nosed bats of the Hipposideros bicolor group (Chiroptera : Hipposideridae) from southeastern Asia". Mammalia. 50 (4): 535–540. doi:10.1515/mamm.1986.50.4.535. ISSN 1864-1547.
  11. Monadjem, Ara; Richards, Leigh; Taylor, Peter J.; Denys, Christiane; Dower, Aisling; Stoffberg, Samantha (December 2013). "Diversity of Hipposideridae in the Mount Nimba massif, West Africa, and the Taxonomic Status of Hipposideros lamottei". Acta Chiropterologica. 15 (2): 341–352. doi:10.3161/150811013X678964. ISSN 1508-1109.
  12. Simmons, 2005, pp. 365–379; McKenna and Bell, 1997, pp. 306–307; other sources cited for specific genera
  13. Hand and Kirsch, 2003
  14. Archer et al., 2006, p. 7
  15. Ziegler, 2000, p. 652; Hand and Kirsch, 2003, table 3; cf. McKenna and Bell, 1997, p. 305 (excluded from Rhinonycterinae)
  16. Benda, Petr; Vallo, Peter; Reiter, Antonín (2011). "Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Asellia(Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) with a Description of a New Species from Southern Arabia". Acta Chiropterologica. 13 (2): 245–270. doi:10.3161/150811011X624749.
  17. Foley, N. M.; Goodman, S. M.; Whelan, C. V.; Puechmaille, S. J.; Teeling, E. (June 2017). "Towards Navigating the Minotaur's Labyrinth: Cryptic Diversity and Taxonomic Revision within the Speciose Genus Hipposideros (Hipposideridae)". Acta Chiropterologica. 19 (1): 1–18. doi:10.3161/15081109acc2017.19.1.001.
  18. Goodman, S. M.; Schoeman, M. C.; Rakotoarivelo, A.; Willows-Munro, S. (2016). "How many species of Hipposideros have occurred on Madagascar since the Late Pleistocene?". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 177 (2): 428–449. doi:10.1111/zoj.12368.
Bibliography
  • Archer, M., Arena, D.A., Bassarova, M., Beck, R.M.D., Black, K., Boles, W.E., Brewer, P., Cooke, B.N., Crosby, K., Gillespie, A., Godthelp, H., Hand, S.J., Kear, B.P., Louys, J., Morrell, A., Muirhead, J., Roberts, K.K., Scanlon, J.D., Travouillon, K.J. and Wroe, S. 2006. Current status of species-level representation in faunas from selected fossil localities in the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, northwestern Queensland. Alcheringa Special Issue 1:1-17. ISBN 0-9757894-5-7
  • Benda, P. and Vallo, P. 2009. Taxonomic revision of the genus Triaenops (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) with description of a new species from southern Arabia and definitions of a new genus and tribe. Folia Zoologica 58(Monograph 1):1–45.
  • Hand, S.J. and Archer, M. 2005. A new hipposiderid genus (Microchiroptera) from an early Miocene bat community in Australia. Palaeontology 48(2):371–383.
  • Hand, S.J. and Kirsch, J.A.W. 2003. Archerops, a new annectent hipposiderid genus (Mammalia: Microchiroptera) from the Australian Miocene. Journal of Paleontology 77(6):1139–1151.
  • Hutcheon, J.M. and Kirsch, J.A.W. 2006. A moveable face: deconstructing the Microchiroptera and a new classification of extant bats. Acta Chiropterologica 8(1):1–10.
  • McKenna, M.C. and Bell, S.K. 1997. Classification of Mammals: Above the species level. New York: Columbia University Press, 631 pp. ISBN 978-0-231-11013-6
  • Simmons, N.B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312–529 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols., 2142 pp. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0
  • Ziegler, R. 2000. The bats (Chiroptera, Mammalia) from the Late Oligocene fissure fillings Herrlingen 8 and Herrlingen 9 near Ulm (Baden-Württemberg). Senckenbergiana Lethaea 80(2):647–683.
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