Gadsup language

Gadsup is a Kainantu language spoken by the people of the same name in Papua New Guinea.

Gadsup
Native toPapua New Guinea
RegionEastern Highlands Province
EthnicityGadsup
Native speakers
(25,000 cited 1996 – 2000 census)[1]
Dialects
  • Oyana, Akuna, Ontenu[2]
Language codes
ISO 639-3gaj – inclusive code
Individual code:
ont – Ontenu village
Glottologgads1258

Phonology

Consonants
Ontena Gadsup's consonants[3][4]
Bilabial Alveolar Velar Glottal
Group 1 ɸ, β s, ɾ x
Group 2 m n j ʔ
  • /ɸ, β, s, ɾ, x/ become plosives [p, b, t, d, k] when preceded by /N, ʔ/, but initially and medially they are fricatives or [ɾ].[3]
Akuna Gadsup's consonants[3]
Bilabial Alveolar Velar Glottal
Group 1 p t, d k
Group 2 m, β n j ʔ

The phonology of Akuna Gadsup is similar to Ontena Gadsup, except voiceless plosives don't lenite initially, but they do medially.[3]

Vowels[4]
Front Central Back
High i u
Mid e ɐ o
Low a

/ɐ/ can also be heard as [ʌ̈].[5]

References
  1. Gadsup at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) closed access
    Ontenu village at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) closed access
  2. Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices
  3. Ulfsbjorninn, Shanti; Lahrouchi, Mohamed (2016). "The typology of the distribution of Edge: The propensity for bipositionality". Papers in Historical Phonology. 1: 109. doi:10.2218/pihph.1.2016.1696.
  4. "Organised Phonology Data: Gadsup ( Ontena dialect) Language [GAJ], Eastern Highlands Province" (PDF). www.sil.org.
  5. Frantz, Chester I.; Frantz, Marjorie E. (1966). Gadsup phoneme and toneme units. Linguistic Circle of Canberra Publications A. Canberra.
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