Opequon Confederate order of battle

The following Confederate States Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Opequon on September 19, 1864. The Union order of battle is listed separately. The battle was fought on September 19, 1864, near Winchester, Virginia, and Opequon Creek. The battle is also known as the Third Battle of Winchester and the Battle of Opequon Creek.

Abbreviations used

Military rank

Other

  • w = wounded
  • mw = mortally wounded
  • k = killed
  • c = captured

Army of the Valley District

LTG Jubal Early[Note 1]
Staff:
Adjutant general: Ltc Alexander Pendleton


Size as of September 10, 1864 = 15,514 men.[3]

Infantry - 10,116
Cavalry -   4,585
Artillery -      813


Breckinridge's Corps

MG John C. Breckinridge

Staff:
Chief of Artillery: Ltc John Floyd King[4]


Division Brigade Regiments and Others

Breckinridge's Division
BG Gabriel C. Wharton

Smith's Brigade


Col Thomas Smith

Forsberg's Brigade


Col Augustus Forsberg (w)[5]
Maj William A. Yonce (mw)[5]

Patton's Brigade


Col George S. Patton (mw)[6]

Gordon's Division[Note 2]
MG John B. Gordon

Evans' Brigade[8]


Col Edmund N. Atkinson

  • 13th Georgia Infantry: Col John H. Baker
  • 26th Georgia Infantry: Ltc James Blain
  • 31st Georgia Infantry: Col John H. Lowe[9]
  • 38th Georgia Infantry: Ltc Philip E. Davant; Maj. Thomas Bomar
  • 60th Georgia Infantry: Cpt Milton Russell
  • 61st Georgia Infantry: Cpt Eliphalet F. Sharp
  • 12th Georgia Infantry Battalion: Cpt James W. Anderson (w&c)
Terry's Brigade[10]


BG William R. Terry

  • Second: Col Robert H. Dungan
  • Third Brigade: Ltc Samuel Saunders (w); Cpt William B. Yancy (w&c)
York's Brigade[11]


BG Zebulon York (w)[12]
Col William R. Peck (w)[13]

  • Hays' Old Brigade: Col William R. Peck[14]
  • Old Fourth Brigade: Col Eugene Waggaman

Rodes' Division
MG Robert E. Rodes (k)[6]
BG Cullen A. Battle

Battle's Brigade


BG Cullen Battle
Col Samuel B. Pickens (w)
Col Charles Forsyth

  • 3rd Alabama Infantry: Col Charles Forsyth
  • 5th Alabama Infantry: Col Josephus M. Hall
  • 6th Alabama Infantry: Ltc Isaac F. Culver (w)
  • 12th Alabama Infantry: Col Samuel B. Pickens
  • 61st Alabama Infantry: Ltc Lewis H. Hill
Grimes' Brigade


BG Bryan Grimes

Cox's Brigade


Col William R. Cox

Cook's Brigade


BG Philip Cook

  • 4th Georgia Infantry: Ltc William H. Willis
  • 12th Georgia Infantry: Col Edward Willis
  • 21st Georgia Infantry: Col John T. Mercer
  • 44th Georgia Infantry: Col William H. Peebles

Ramseur's Division
MG Stephen D. Ramseur

Pegram's Brigade


BG John Pegram

Hoke's Brigade


BG Archibald C. Godwin (k)[12]
Ltc Anderson Ellis (w)
Ltc William S. Davis

  • 6th North Carolina Infantry: Ltc Samuel McD. Tate
  • 21st North Carolina Infantry: Ltc Wiley F. Hartsfield; Maj. William J. Pfohl
  • 54th North Carolina Infantry: Ltc Anderson Ellis
  • 57th North Carolina Infantry: Ltc Hamilton C. Jones (?); Capt John Beard
Johnston's Brigade


BG Robert D. Johnston

Artillery
Col Thomas H. Carter

Braxton's Battalion


Ltc Carter M. Braxton[Note 3]

McLaughlin's Battalion


Maj William McLaughlin

Nelson's Battalion


Ltc William Nelson[Note 4]

  • Amherst Battery (Virginia): Cpt Thomas J. Kirkpatrick
  • Fluvanna Artillery (Virginia): Cpt John L. Massie
  • Georgia Regular Battery: Lt. Thomas A. Maddox

Cavalry Corps

MG Fitzhugh Lee (w)[6]

Division Brigade Regiments and Others

Lee's Division
BG Williams Wickham

Lomax's Brigade


Col William Payne

Wickham's Brigade


Col Thomas T. Munford

Horse Artillery


Maj James Breathed

  • 1st Stuart Horse Artillery (Virginia): Cpt Philip P. Johnston
  • Lynchburg Beauregard Battery: Cpt John J. Shoemaker

Lomax's Division
MG Lunsford L. Lomax

Imboden's Brigade


Col George H. Smith

Johnson's Brigade


BG Bradley T. Johnson

McCausland's Brigade


Col Milton Ferguson[Note 5]

Jackson's Brigade


Ltc William P. Thompson

Vaughn's Brigade


Ltc Onslow Bean

  • 16th Georgia Cavalry Battalion
  • 1st Tennessee Cavalry
  • 12th Tennessee Cavalry Battalion
  • 16th Tennessee Cavalry Battalion
  • 39th Tennessee Mounted Infantry
  • 43rd Tennessee Mounted Infantry
  • 59th Tennessee Mounted Infantry
  • 60th61st62nd Tennessee Mounted Infantry
Horse Artillery
  • Charlottesville Battery (Virginia): Cpt Thomas Jackson
  • Roanoke Battery (Virginia): Cpt Warren Lurty
  • Staunton Battery (Virginia): Cpt John H. McClanahan

Notes

Footnotes

  1. The main source herein is Appendix 1 in Scott Patchan's The Last Battle of Winchester...[1] Some additional information has been used from the text of the same book, and is footnoted. Official Records... by Ainsworth and Kirkley of the United States War Department, Volume XLIII, Chapter LV, did not have an order of battle for Third Winchester, but has been used for small bits of information that are footnoted.[2]
  2. All three brigades in Gordon's Division are consolidations of depleted units. Evans' Brigade lost so many officers that inspectors believed it interfered seriously with its good management. Terry's Brigade consisted of remnants of the Stonewall, Jones, and Steuart brigades formerly of Johnson's Division. York's Brigade was composed of fragments of Hays' and Stafford's brigades.[7]
  3. Patchan describes Braxton as a Major in his Appendix 1 and in some portions of his text, but as a Lieutenant Colonel in Chapters 18 and 19 of his book.[19][20]
  4. Patchan describes Nelson as a Major in his Appendix 1, but as a Lieutenant Colonel in Chapter 13 of his book.[4]
  5. The official commander of this brigade, BG John C. McCausland, was absent during the battle for undisclosed reasons.[4]

Citations

  1. Patchan 2013, Appendix 1 of e-book
  2. Ainsworth & Kirkley 1902, pp. 554–611
  3. Patchan 2013, Appendix 3 of e-book
  4. Patchan 2013, Ch. 13 of e-book
  5. Patchan 2013, Ch. 20 of e-book
  6. Early & Early 1912, p. 427
  7. Ainsworth & Kirkley 1902, p. 609
  8. Officers from NARA Microfilm Roll 10: https://ia802805.us.archive.org/24/items/NARA_M935_Roll_10/0182.jpg . BG Clement A. Evans was wounded at the Battle of Monocacy, and would not return until the end of the month.
  9. Wert 2010, p. 57
  10. Officers from NARA Microfilm Roll 10: https://ia802805.us.archive.org/24/items/NARA_M935_Roll_10/0163.jpg . Terry's Brigade was made up of the consolidated remnants of Edward Johnson's Division, destroyed at Spotsylvania. They were formed into three regiments based around the three original brigades they were part of.
  11. Officers from NARA Microfilm Roll 10: https://ia902805.us.archive.org/24/items/NARA_M935_Roll_10/0196.jpg . York's Brigade consisted of the remnants of Harry Hays' and Leroy Stafford's Louisiana Brigades, which had not been able to replace much of their losses from the year previous, and were further depleted throughout the year at places such as the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, and Monocacy.
  12. Early & Early 1912, p. 423
  13. Patchan 2013, Ch. 14 of e-book
  14. Col William Monaghan (6th Louisiana Infantry), the senior colonel, had been killed in a skirmish on August 29th.
  15. Ainsworth & Kirkley 1902, p. 605
  16. Patchan 2013, Ch. 16 of e-book
  17. Clark 1901, pp. 255–257
  18. Wert 2010, p. 48
  19. Patchan 2013, Ch. 18 of e-book
  20. Patchan 2013, Ch. 19 of e-book
  21. Wert 2010, p. 72

References

  • Ainsworth, Fred C.; Kirkley, Joseph W. (1902). The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies - Series I Volume XLIII Part I - Additions and Corrections, Chapter LV. Washington, District of Columbia: Government Printing Office. ISBN 978-0-91867-807-2. OCLC 427057. Retrieved 2020-11-06.
  • Clark, Walter (1901). Histories of the Several Regiments and Battalions from North Carolina, in the Great War 1861-'65 (Vol. 3). Raleigh, North Carolina: Published by the state. OCLC 1300611. Retrieved 2020-12-28.
  • Early, Jubal A.; Early, Ruth H. (1912). Lieutenant General Jubal Anderson Early, C.S.A. Autobiographical Sketch and Narrative of the War Between the States. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: J.B. Lippincott Co. ISBN 9781468192155. OCLC 1370161. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  • Patchan, Scott C. (2013). The Last Battle of Winchester: Phil Sheridan, Jubal Early, and the Shenandoah Valley Campaign, August 7-September 19, 1864. El Dorado Hills, Calif: Savas Beatie. ISBN 978-1-932714-98-2. OCLC 751578151.
  • Wert, Jeffry D. (2010). From Winchester to Cedar Creek: The Shenandoah Campaign of 1864. Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 978-0-80932-972-4. OCLC 463454602.
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