Oplurus cuvieri

The specific name, cuvieri, is in honor of French naturalist Georges Cuvier.[3]

As some of the common names suggest, O. cuvieri has a distinctive black collar that stands out against the body which is speckled with lighter spots. It has a large head, and the relatively short tail has spiny scales. The female is a duller brown colour.[4]

The average length of O. cuvieri is 16 in. and the average weight is 160 – 190 g.[5]

The images below show considerable variation in markings and coloration.

• 
  At Kirindy Forest
• 
  At Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, showing a false eye on top of head

The collared iguana is found in the western tropical forests of Madagascar and on the island of Grand Comore in Comoros.[1]

Two subspecies are recognized as being valid, including the nominotypical subspecies.[2]

• Oplurus cuvieri cuvieri (Gray, 1831) – Madagascar
• Oplurus cuvieri comorensis Angel, 1942 – Grand Comore Island

Nota bene: A trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a genus other than Oplurus.

O. cuvieri has a mostly carnivorous diet.[4]

This diurnal iguana species is primarily arboreal and spends much of its time gripping trunks and branches where

it remains motionless while it scans the surrounding area for insects.

Once It sees the prey, the lizard will run rapidly to capture it before it can

escape. Madagascar Collared Lizards have also been observed positioning

themselves near an ant trail where they can gain an easy meal by picking

up the ants one by one. Occasionally, they may also eat plant matter such

as flowers.

This lizard is territorial, found alone or in an area with one male and a few

females.

When threatened, it will retreat into a crack or crevice in a tree trunk, and

use its armored tail to form a barrier between itself and the predator. [5]

The sexual maturity of the Madagascar Collared Lizard is estimated at 2-3 years.

The breeding season for the Madagascar Collared Lizard is timed to

match the rainy season, with egg laying occurring just after the first heavy

rain. Males fight with one another for the females’ attention, often leading

to injury or even death. The female digs a hole about four inches deep

in open ground where there is no live vegetation, often on a man-made

forest trail. She lays her clutch, typically of 2-5 eggs, fills the hole with sandy soil and covers

it with sand, dead leaves and twigs so that the laying site blends into the

surroundings. The female then immediately leaves the nest site and neither

parent provides any degree of care for the hatchlings. Females may lay

several clutches per year.

Incubation of Madagascar Collared Lizard eggs lasts 61-71 days.[5]

There is no data on the number of individuals in the wild and no known

conservation measures in place for this species. Its habitat in the forests

of Madagascar, however, faces a number of threats which may impact this

iguana; this includes the burning of forests for agricultural expansion and

the exploitation of trees for timber and charcoal.

In addition, because of their shallow, unprotected nesting sites, the eggs

are heavily preyed upon by other reptiles, most notably the Malagasy giant

hognose snake.[5]

• Boulenger GA (1885). Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Second Edition. Volume II. Iguanidæ ... London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiii + 497 pp. + Plates I-XXIV. (Hoplurus sebæ, p. 129-130).
• Gray JE (1831). "A Synopsis of the Species of the Class Reptilia". In: Griffith E (1831). The Animal Kingdom Arranged in Conformity with its Organization, by the Baron Cuvier, with Additional Descriptions of All the Species hitherto Named, and of Many not before Noticed. Volume the Ninth. London: Whittaker, Treacher, and Co. 448 pp. + 110 pp. (Tropidurus cuvieri, p. 41 of 110 pp. supplement).
• Savage JM (1952). "The Correct Names for the Iguanid Lizards of Madagascar and the Fiji Islands". Copeia 1952 (3): 182. (Oplurus cuvieri, new combination).