Friendship Medal (China)

The Friendship Medal (Chinese: 友谊勋章; pinyin: Yǒuyì Xūnzhāng) is, alongside the Medal of the Republic, the People's Republic of China's highest order of honour. On December 27, 2015, the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) passed a law establishing two national medals, the Medal of the Republic and the Friendship Medal, constituted on January 1, 2016.

Not to be confused with Friendship Award (China) or China Reform Friendship Medal.

Friendship Medal
友谊勋章
Collar of the order
Awarded by China
TypeOrder
EligibilityForeign nationals
Awarded forSignificant contributions to support China's modernization and maintaining world peace
StatusActive
Grand MasterPresident of the People's Republic of China
ColoursGold and blue
Statistics
First induction2018
Last induction2022
Total inductees10
Precedence
Next (higher)None
Next (lower)July 1 Medal, August 1 Medal, Medal of Sino-Soviet Friendship
EquivalentMedal of the Republic


The Friendship Medal is bestowed on foreigners who have made outstanding contributions to China's socialist modernization, the promotion of exchange and cooperation between China and foreign countries, and the protection of world peace.[1][2] All the recipients have cooperated and participated actively in supporting China's social, cultural, economic and international developments to various degrees.

The first Friendship Medal was awarded by President Xi Jinping to Vladimir Putin, President of Russia, on June 8, 2018.[3]

History

In August 2015, the 16th session of the Standing Committee of the Twelfth National People's Congress first considered the Law of the People's Republic of China on National Medals and National Honorary Titles (Draft).[4]

In December 2015, the 18th session of the Standing Committee of the Twelfth National People's Congress was held in Beijing, where the Law of the People's Republic of China on National Medals and National Honorary Titles (Draft) was considered for the second time. In January 2016, the Law of the People's Republic of China on National Medals and National Honorary Titles was finally issued, which established the Friendship Medal.[4]

In June 2018, the first Friendship Medal was awarded. With the approval of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the ceremony of awarding the state medals and state honors of the People's Republic of China was held in the Great Hall. The President of the People's Republic of China, CCP General Secretary, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission attended the ceremony, and both made speeches.[4]

Appearance

The major colors used for the Friendship Medal are gold and blue. The body of the medal adopted various elements; a dove which represents peace and love is placed at the centre of the medal plate, whereas earth is also engraved on the bottom of the dove, followed by a sign of hand-shaking that symbolises the friendly attitude from China to other countries.[5] The medal plate is surrounded by lotus petals, a flower that represents pureness, peace and harmony in traditional Chinese culture. Likewise, even more, traditional elements can be observed from the chain of the Friendship Medal. This includes the use of Chinese decorative knots (solidarity), peony flowers (wealth/prosperity), jade (earth) and auspicious clouds (luck/fortune).[5] All those symbolic elements not only represent the richness of traditional Chinese cultures but also convey China's wish for common prosperity and development globally.

The whole medal is handmade with traditional crafts. An example could be the filigree inlay, which is also known as the fine gold arts. Such a heritage crafting technique can be spotted especially on the lotus petals as well as the engraved golden symbols. Another worth-noting technique is silk-pinching enamel, which is used to craft most of the blue parts of the Friendship Medal. The colour blue not only stood out from the rest of the gold medals, but it is also used to adorn the calm and stable colour symbolism within the traditional Chinese culture.[6]

Policies and regulations
Twelfth National People's Congress

According to the Law of the People's Republic of China on National Medals and National Honorary Titles,[4] state medals and state honours can be awarded posthumously. Any recipient who has made outstanding contributions during their lifetime and meets the conditions for awarding the Friendship Medal as stipulated in this law and who dies before the implementation may be awarded state medals and state honors posthumously.

In addition, state medals and state honours are for the lifetime of their recipients but can also be revoked. The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC) has the right to revoke the Friendship Medal if the recipient has been sentenced to imprisonment for a crime or has committed other serious violations of the law or discipline.[7] Such a continued enjoyment of the state medals and state honors could seriously damage the reputation of the highest national honor. Therefore, the NPCSC would hold meetings emergently to discuss and vote for the cancellation of that specific Friendship Medal.

If the recipient of state medals and state honours dies, the medals, awards and certificates received by him/her shall be kept by his/her heirs or designees; if there are no heirs or designees, they may be collected and stored by the state.

Recipients
Name Position Date For
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin President of Russia June 8, 2018 Recognition of President Putin's long-term commitment to encourage the development of good-neighborliness and comprehensive strategic partnership of cooperation between Russia and China.[3]
Nursultan Nazarbayev 1st President of Kazakhstan April 28, 2019 China proposed the initiative of building the Silk Road Economic Belt, which received an enthusiastic response and solid cooperation from the first President Nazarbayev and all sectors of Kazakh society.[8]

He also enhanced the vigorous development of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-building Measures in Asia.

Raúl Castro First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba, Former President of Cuba September 29, 2019 Raúl Castro has been supporting China to play a greater role in international and regional affairs. He is also an important founder of China–Cuba relations, an active advocator and promoter of China-Latin America relationships.[9]
Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Princess of Thailand She has made irreplaceable and outstanding contributions to the development of China–Thai relations by gaining a deep understanding of China, actively fostering traditional Chinese culture and spreading China–Thai friendship.

She's also deeply concerned about the Chinese people and was the first to lend a helping hand after the Wenchuan and Yushu earthquakes and other major natural disasters.[10]

Salim Ahmed Salim Former Prime Minister of Tanzania Salim has made outstanding contributions to the restoration of China's legitimate seat in the United Nations. He always advocated that China and Africa should continuously strengthen friendly exchanges.[11]

Salim would have loved to receive the award in person, but was unable to come to China due to health reasons. Therefore, his daughter attended the award ceremony instead.

Galina Veniaminovna Kulikova The first vice-chairman of Russian-Chinese Friendship Association In 1989, she was elected as the First Vice-president of the Russian-Chinese Friendship Association and went to work at the Russian Embassy in China. Kulikowa has always been committed to developing friendly relations with China and has made outstanding contributions to the promotion of Sino–Russian people-to-people diplomacy.[12]
Jean-Pierre Raffarin Former Prime Minister of France As Prime Minister of France, Raffarin insisted on visiting China as scheduled during the SARS outbreak and gave great political and emotional support to the Chinese people.

He attended the first "Belt and Road" International Cooperation Summit Forum and actively contributed to the objective understanding of all sectors in France and Europe in the "Belt and Road" cooperation.[13]

Isabel Crook Educator Isabelle Crook worked at Beijing Foreign Studies University for half a century and was a pioneer in the teaching of English and educational reform in the new China.[14] She trained a large number of foreign language talents for the new China and made outstanding contributions to the Chinese education.
Norodom Monineath Cambodian Queen Mother November 6, 2020 Norodom Monineath has been actively involved in the cause of Sino–Cambodian friendship and has witnessed the development of the new China.[15] She has special feelings for the Chinese people and actively supports exchanges and cooperation between the two countries in various fields.
Nguyen Phu Trong General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam October 31, 2022 Nguyen Phu Trong is steadfast in Marxism and in maintaining the traditional friendship between China and Vietnam, he is also the one who guides and promotes the China-Vietnam Comprehensive Strategic Cooperative Partnership in the new era.[16]

See also

References
  1. 中华人民共和国国家勋章和国家荣誉称号法 [National Medal and Honor Law] (in Chinese). National People's Congress. December 27, 2015. Retrieved December 31, 2015.
  2. 设立"共和国勋章""友谊勋章" [Establishing "Order of the Republic" and "Friendship Ordee"] (in Chinese). NetEase. December 27, 2015. Retrieved December 31, 2015.
  3. Kamiński, Tomasz (October 21, 2018). "Russia and China. A Political Marriage of Convenience—Stable and Successful". Europe-Asia Studies. 70 (9): 1530–1531. doi:10.1080/09668136.2018.1533325. ISSN 0966-8136. S2CID 158601349.
  4. "The National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China". www.npc.gov.cn. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
  5. 陈柳兵. "Medal symbolizes spirit of Friendship". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
  6. He, Guimei (December 1, 2011). "A Comparative Study of Color Metaphors in English and Chinese". Theory and Practice in Language Studies. 1 (12). doi:10.4304/tpls.1.12.1804-1808. ISSN 1799-2591.
  7. "China to award PRC Friendship Medal for first time | english.scio.gov.cn". english.scio.gov.cn. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
  8. 徐鹤. "Kazakhstan's first president awarded Friendship Medal for contributions". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
  9. 蒋成龙. "Awards reflect global respect, understanding". global.chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
  10. Grzywacz, Anna (2019). "Singapore's Foreign Policy toward Regional and Inter-regional Institutions". Asian Perspective. 43 (4): 647–671. doi:10.1353/apr.2019.0027. ISSN 2288-2871. S2CID 213873085.
  11. 李凯至. "Priceless Friendship-- ChinAfrica". www.chinafrica.cn. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
  12. Zhongping, Feng; Jing, Huang (June 27, 2014). "China's Strategic Partnership Diplomacy". ESPO Working Paper No. 8. Rochester, NY. SSRN 2459948.
  13. "Friendship Without Borders-- Beijing Review". www.bjreview.com. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
  14. "Isabel Crook in her own words--《Voice of Friendship》2020年Z1期". www.cnki.com.cn. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
  15. "Xi Jinping Holds an Awarding Ceremony of the "Friendship Medal" of the People's Republic of China for Cambodian Queen Mother Norodom Monineath Sihanouk — Consulate-General of the People's Republic of China in Adelaide All Rights Reserved". www.mfa.gov.cn. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
  16. VTV, BAO DIEN TU (October 31, 2022). "Tổng Bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng nhận Huân chương hữu nghị". BAO DIEN TU VTV (in Vietnamese). Retrieved January 28, 2023.
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