Order of the Falcon (Czechoslovakia)

The Order of the Falcon of Štefánik (Czech: Štefánikův Řád Sokola), also known unofficially as the Štefánikův Order was a Czechoslovak order established in November 1918.[2]

Order of the Falcon of Štefánik
(Štefánikův řád Sokola)
Badge of a Knight of the Order of the Falcon (with swords)
Awarded by Provisional Government of Czechoslovakia[1]
TypeOrder of merit
EstablishedNovember 1918[1]
StatusAbolished 1919[1]
GradesGrand Cross
Grand Officer
Commander
Officer
Knight[1]

Ribbon with star (left) and without star (right).

History

The establishment of the Order of the Falcon in 1919 resulted from a proposal in September 1918 by the Minister of War Milan Rastislav Štefánik (hence the unofficial name)[2] [3] and was intended to recognise achievements that contributed to the liberation of Czechoslovakia. Membership of the order was primarily conferred upon members of the Czechoslovak Legions who served in Siberia during the Russian Civil War.[1] The order was short-lived as all Czechoslovak orders were abolished in 1919, soon after the Czechoslovak Republic declared independence; they were 'regarded as undemocratic'.[1] One of the most famous officers to be appointed a Knight of the Order of the Falcon was Major General Jan Syrový.[4][5] During the Russian Civil War, Syrový commanded all anti-Bolshevik forces in Siberia from October 1918 to January 1919[4][6] and, in September 1938 as the Czechoslovak Prime Minister, he was forced to accept the terms of the Munich Agreement.[7]

Composition

Appointments to the Order were in either the Military or Civilian divisions.[2] The order was intended to consist of five classes:[1][8]

  • Grand Cross (Czech: Velkokříž), Class I
  • Grand Officer (Czech: Velkodůstojník), Class II
  • Commander (Czech: Komtur), Class III
  • Officer (Czech: Důstojník), Class IV
  • Knight (Czech: Rytíř), Class V

In practice appointments were only made to the lowest class.[1]

Insignia

Badge. The badge of the order is an inverted star (point down) comprising a convex central white enamel disc, edged white with a gilt border, the whole surrounded by five blue rays pattée moussé, edged white with gilt borders. The obverse of the center disc is charged with three hills in blue with gilt borders, surmounted by four gilt falcons in flight. The reverse of the convex center disc is charged with the monogram ČS in blue with gilt borders, surmounting the date 1918 in gilt and surrounded on either side by a branch of gilt laurel leaves.[2]

Suspension device. The badge for civilian awards is suspended from a circlet formed from gilt laurel leaves, whilst gilt crossed swords are added to the suspension device for military awards.[2]

Ribbon. The badge of the order is suspended from a red moire silk ribbon divided by a central narrow white stripe, with a thin white stripe set in from either edge.[2]

Star. Appointments could also be made with a star affixed to the ribbon signifying additional distinction.[2]

Štefánik had the first insignia produced in Tokyo; these were supplied in a lacquered balsa wood box.[2]

Knights

The following is an incomplete list of people appointed as Knights of the Order of the Falcon:

List of Knights with Sword
NameBirthDeathRank
Rank
Service BranchNotable AppointmentsRef
Jindřich Bejl18901973Maj later
BdeGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
[9]
Alois Benda18901957Maj later
BdeGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
[10]
Jan Beneš18861949Maj later
BdeGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
[11]
Jindřich Birula18951972LtCol later
BdeGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
[12]
František Bláha18861945Maj later
DivGen Mem
Inf Offr
CS Army
[13]
Stanislav Čeček18861930DivGenInf Offr
CS Army
Head of the Czechoslovak Ministry of Aviation[14]
Jan Čermák18931961Capt later
BdeGen
Inf and
Engr Offr
CS Army
Commander III Corps Engineers[15]
Jaroslav Červinka18891985Col later
BdeGen
Inf and
Cav Offr
CS Army
[16]
Jaroslav Čihák18911944Capt later
DivGen Mem
Inf Offr
CS Army
Chairman of the Czechoslovak Red Cross in exile
Member of the Czechoslovak National Council in exile
[17]
Antonín Číla18831983LtCol later
BdeGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
[18]
Jaroslav Čížek18911972Capt later
BdeGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
Secretary General of the Czechoslovak Inter-ministerial Council for Matters of National Defence[19]
Mikhail Diterikhs18751937LtGenCav Offr
Ru Army
Commander of the Czechoslovak Legions
Military Affairs Minister
[20]
Josef Dostál18911945Capt later
DivGen Mem
Inf and
Cav Offr
CS Army
[21]
Josef Eisenberger18871955Maj later
(Bde)Gen
Inf Offr
CS Army
[22]
Jaroslav Fajfr18831974Maj later
MajGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
[23]
Julius Fišera1894?Maj later
BdeGen
Cav Offr
CS Army
[24]
Radola Gajda18921948DivGenInf Offr
CS Army
Deputy Chief of Staff for the Czechoslovak Army
National Fascist Community politician
[25]
Vladimír Haering18821942LtCol later
ChiefGenMS
Mem
Med Offr
CS Army
Chief of Czechoslovak Army Corps Medical Services[26]
Antonín Hasal18931960LtCol
later ArmyGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
Czechoslovak Minister for Transport and Technology[27]
František Havel18831958Maj later
BdeGen
Engr Offr
CS Army
[28]
Bedřich Homola18871943Maj later
ArmyGen Mem
Inf Offr
CS Army
Commander VII Corps[29]
Rudolf Hošek1887?Maj later
DivGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
[30]
František Hrabčík18941967Maj later
DivGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
Secretary of the Czechoslovak Ministry of Defence[31]
Karel Husárek18931972LtCol later
DivGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
Czechoslovak Minister for Railways[32]
Josef Janáček18851954Capt later
DivGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
Commander IV Corps[33]
Pierre Thiebaut Charles Maurice Janin18621946LtGen
later LtGen
Inf Offr
Fr Army
Commander VII Corps (French Army)
Commander-in-Chief Czechoslovak Legion Headquarters
[34]
Rudolf Janů18791934LtCol later
BdeGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
[35]
Eduard Kadlec18801961Col later
ArmyGen
Arty Offr
CS Army
Commander IV Corps[36]
Bonifác Káňa18931941Capt later
BdeGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
[37]
Jan Karger18871977Capt later
BdeGen
Inf and
Arty Offr
CS Army
Commander VI Corps Artillery[38]
Jaroslav Kejla1892?Col later
GenTOSA
Inf and
Ord Offr
CS Army
Aviation Materiel Department Head, Czechoslovak Ministry of Defence[39]
Vojtěch Klecanda18881947LtCol later
DivGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
division commander
and military attaché
[40]
Karel Klubal18861939Capt later
BdeGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
[41]
František Kolařík18811950Maj later
DivGen
Engr Offr
CS Army
[42]
Václav Kopal18821935Maj later
DivGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
[43]
Josef Koutňák18901961Capt later
DivGen Mem
Cav Offr
CS Army
Commander Czechoslovak Tank Corps[44]
Ludvík Krejčí18901972Col later
ArmyGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
Commander-in-Chief Czechoslovak Armed Forces[45]
Josef Kroutil18791936LtCol later
DivGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
[46]
Rudolf Kroutil18841964Maj later
MajGen
Arty Offr
CS Army
Head Artillery Department, Czechoslovak Ministry of Defence[47]
Miloš Kudrna18841951Maj later
BdeGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
[48]
Karel Kutlvašr18951961LtCol later
ArmyGen Mem
Inf Offr
CS Army
Commander III Corps
Commander V Corps
[49]
Otakar Líčka18891963Maj later
BdeGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
[50]
Emil Linhart18891959Capt later
DivGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
Commander I Corps[51]
Vojtěch Luža18911944Maj later
ArmyGen Mem
Inf Offr
CS Army
Commander IV Corps
Commander V Corps
[52]
Rudolf Medek18901940LtCol later
(Bde)Gen
Inf Offr
CS Army
[53]
Karel Mejstřík18861945Maj later
DivGen Mem
Inf Offr
CS Army
[54]
Ondřej Mézl18871968Maj later
DivGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
Commander VI Corps
Chief of Czechoslovak Missions to Middle East, 21st Army Group and Allied Headquarters
[55]
Ondřej Moravec1887?Maj later
BdeGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
Secretary General of the Czechoslovak Inter-ministerial Council for Matters of National Defence[56]
Josef Mrázek18851967Maj later
BdeGen
Arty Offr
CS Army
Artillery Department Head, Czechoslovak Ministry of Defence[57]
Matěj Němec18861975LtCol later
DivGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
[58]
Jan Netík18851945Maj later
DivGen
Arty Offr
CS Army
Artillery Department Head, Czechoslovak Ministry of Defence[59]
Bedřich Neumann18911964Maj later
DivGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
Chief of Staff, Czechoslovak Armed Forces Headquarters[60]
Václav Nosek18871953Maj later
BdeGen
Engr Offr
CS Army
Commander I Corps Engineers
Commander Army Engineers
[61]
František Nosál18891963LtCol later
DivGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
Czechoslovak Minister of Public Works[62]
Josef Nosál18851940Maj later
BdeGen
Arty Offr
CS Army
[63]
Zdeněk Novák18911988Maj later
BdeGen
Arty Offr
CS Army
Commander IV Corps Artillery
Commander Land Artillery Command
[64]
Josef Palacký18881938Maj later
BdeGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
[65]
Václav Petřík18851957Col later
BdeGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
[66]
Josef Petrš18861968Col later
BdeGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
[67]
Josef Pícek1874?Maj later
GenMS
Med Offr
CS Army
[68]
Lev Prchala18921963Col later
ArmyGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
Minister of Finance, Interior and Transport, Autonomous Carpathia and Ruthenia
Commander Czech and Slovak Legion
[69]
Vladimír Přikryl18881955Maj later
DivGen
Arty Offr
CS Army
Commander 1st Army Artillery
Commander Land Artillery Command
[70]
Robert Pytlík18871965Maj later
GenMS
Med Offr
CS Army
[71]
Rudolf Raše18721954Col later
GenMS
Med Offr
CS Army
[72]
Bedřich Ruml18881980Lt later
DivGen
Arty Offr
CS Army
Deputy Commander II Corps[73]
Jan Růžička18961968Lt later
BdeGen
Arty Offr
CS Army
Commander VII Corps Artillery[74]
Bohumil Rytíř1889?Maj later
BdeGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
[75]
František Slunečko18861963Maj later
MajGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
Commander I Corps[76]
Vladimir Šokorov (ru)18681940LtGenInf Offr
CS Army
Commander-in-Chief Allied Forces, Siberian Theatre[77]
Jan Staněk1882?Capt later
GenLS
Inf and
Legal Offr
CS Army
Attorney General, Office of the General Military Prosecurtor[78]
Karel Štěpánek18831966Capt later
BdeGen
Inf and
Engr Offr
CS Army
[79]
Václav Suchý18811966Maj later
ChiefGenIS
Inf and
Ord Offr
CS Army
[80]
Oleg Svátek18881941LtCol later
DivGen Mem
Inf Offr
CS Army
[81]
Jan Syrový18881970MajGen
later ArmyGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
Czechoslovak Prime Minister and Minister of National Defence[4]
František Tallavania18941981Maj later
BdeGen
Arty Offr
CS Army
[82]
Karel Urbánek18781937Capt later
BdeGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
[83]
Josef Váňa18931976LtCol later
DivGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
Commander II Corps[84]
Josef Vedral18861979Maj later
BdeGen
Arty Offr
CS Army
Commander Land Artillery Command[85]
Rudolf Viest18901945Maj later
ArmyGen Mem
Inf Offr
CS Army
Commander 1st Army
Minister of State, Czechoslovak Ministry of Defence in exile
[86]
Karel Vojan18871978Lt later
BdeGen
Arty Offr
CS Army
Commander II Corps Artillery[87]
Sergej Vojcechovský (ru)18831951MajGen
later ArmyGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
Commander 1st Army[88]
Hugo Vojta18851941Maj later
MajGen
Arty Offr
CS Army
Commander Headquarters Land Artillery[89]
Karel Voženílek18831943Col later
DivGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
[90]
Bohuslav Všetička18931942LtCol later
DivGen Mem
Arty Offr
CS Army
Commander VIII Corps[91]
Dominik Vymětal18831953Maj later
GenMS
Med Offr
CS Army
Head Health Service Corps[92]
Miloš Žák18911970LtCol later
DivGen
Inf Offr
CS Army
[93]
Václav Ždímal18901942Capt later
DivGen Mem
Arty Offr
CS Army
Commander IV Corps Artillery[94]
Josef Zmek18891942Maj later
DivGen Mem
Inf Offr
CS Army
[95]

Legend

Ranks

  1. ArmyGen = Army General, equivalent to General (4-star rank)
  2. LtGen = Lieutenant General (3-star rank)
  3. DivGen = Division General, equivalent to Major General (2-star rank)
  4. ChiefGenIS = Chief General of the Intendent Services, equivalent to Major General
  5. ChiefGenMS = Chief General of the Medical Services, equivalent to Major General
  6. BdeGen = Brigade General, equivalent to Brigadier General (1-star rank)
  7. (Bde)Gen = General, equivalent to Brigadier General
  8. GenLS = General of the Legal Services, equivalent to Brigadier General
  9. GenMS = General of the Medical Services, equivalent to Brigadier General
  10. GenTOSA = General of the Technical Ordnance Service of Aviation, equivalent to Brigadier General
  11. Mem = in memoriam, rank was granted posthumously

Service/Branch

  1. Arty = Artillery, Engr = Engineering, Inf = Infantry, Leg = Legal, Med = Medical, Offr = Officer, Ord = Ordnance
  2. CS = Czechoslovak, Fr = French, Ru = Russian

References

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