Ordnance Survey International

The Ordnance Survey International or Ordnance Survey Overseas Directorate its predecessors built an archive of air photography, map and survey records for the United Kingdom from 1946 to 1999. The Ordnance Survey International Collection (formerly the Ordnance Survey International Library) held mapping records that were acquired outside the UK.[1]

Ordnance Survey International
Formation1946
Dissolved2001
TypeGO
PurposeProvided a central survey and mapping organisation for British colonies and protectorates
HeadquartersSouthampton
Parent organization
Ordnance Survey
Staff
None

Although the international division opened in 1946, the OS had been involved in overseas work for almost a century (notably the 1864-65 Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem).[2]

The agency was closed in 2001.[3]

History

The agency

In 1946 the Directorate of Colonial Surveys (DCS) was established by the Colonial Office to provide a central survey and mapping organisation for British colonies and protectorates.[3] In 1957, with the imminent decolonisation of many British territories, it was renamed the Directorate of Overseas Surveys (DOS).[3] Government reviews during the 1970s led to it being merging into the Ordnance Survey (OS) in 1984 whence it was known as the Overseas Surveys Directorate (OSD).[3]

In 1991, following completion of the last significant aid-funded mapping projects, its name was changed one final time to Ordnance Survey International and its main activity became consultancy, primarily in Eastern Europe.[3] It was closed in 2001.[3]

The archive

The aerial photographs, maps and survey data were originally kept in separate libraries but were amalgamated in 1984 into a single collection called Technical Information and Support Services.[3] In 1991 this was renamed the Ordnance Survey International Library.[3] In 2002 it was decided that it was no longer needed and responsibility for its disposal was passed to The National Archives.[3] During 2003 and 2004 The National Archives, the Ordnance Survey and advisers from specialist bodies jointly appraised the collection to determine which records should be kept and by which custodians.[3] The collection was dispersed during 2004.[3][4]

Since 2012, the archive has been held within the National Collection of Aerial Photography (NCAP), and includes some 1.5 million aerial photographs alongside cover traces, maps and annual reports.[5] Having rescued the collection from the defunct British Empire and Commonwealth Museum, NCAP are now cataloguing and digitising the collection.[6] In 2014, a 16 minute Scottish Documentary Institute film entitled 'Sightlines' used photography from the collection to explore the legacy of 20th century aerial survey in Mwatate, Kenya.[7] The film was created as part of Creative Scotland's 'Culture 2014' programme, and premiered at the Edinburgh International Film Festival.[8]

To date, a small amount of material from the collection has been made available via the NCAP website, primarily relating to the 2014 documentary. Examples of photography from the collection are also displayed, showing the types of terrain and remote communities which were mapped for the first time by DOS.[9]

Mapping

During its lifetime the agency provided mapping to almost all the British colonies and protectorates.[3] In addition, some non-Commonwealth countries were mapped between 1975 and 1991 including Ethiopia, Liberia, Sudan and Yemen.[3]

Aerial photography and photogrammetry were used with photography missions being flown primarily by United Kingdom air survey companies.[10] Agency surveyors were sent abroad to establish horizontal and vertical ground control for the photography; this was permanently marked and co-ordinated so that the surveys could be the basis for future work.[10]

After a map was compiled from the photography, a plot (draft) was made for checking and annotation by the local survey department of the country concerned.[10] The final map was drawn at agency headquarters and printed by the Ordnance Survey.[10]

Other roles

In addition to its primary map making role the agency was responsible for:

  • Provision of advice to the Overseas Development Agency and foreign governments and organisations on technical matters concerning all aspects of surveying and mapping.[10]
  • Dissemination of information about new techniques related to surveying, photogrammetry, and cartography.[10]

Directors General
Director From
Martin Hotine 1946-03-11
G J Humphries 1963-10-10
W D C Wiggins 1965-10-01
D E Warren 1968-05-31
B E Furmston 1979-06

Reference.[11]

See also

Further reading
  • Mapping the World: History of the Directorate of Overseas Surveys, 1946-85, Ordnance Survey, 1996-03, Stationery Office Books, ISBN 978-0-11-701590-6.
  • Mapping for Development, the Contributions of the Directorate of Overseas Surveys, G McGarth, Cartographica Vol 20 Nos 1 & 2, 1983. An evaluation of the Directorate's mapping processes and production.
  • Medium Scale Photogrammetric Mapping at the Directorate of Overseas Surveys, D Read - D L Fereday - L R Brown, 1973-01-16, The Photogrammetric Record Volume 7 Issue 42 Pages 649 - 661, Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
  • The Directorate of Overseas Surveys and Mapping in Nigeria, Olayinka Y Balogun, Cartographic Journal Volume 24 Number 1 pp 3–14, 1987-06, Maney Publishing.

References
  1. "The Ordnance Survey International Collection". Southampton: Ordnance Survey. Archived from the original on 2008-11-14. Retrieved 2009-09-28.
  2. Top 10 mapping moments in OS history; By David Henderson, Director of Products: "The Ordnance Survey Overseas Directorate was formed in 1946, although we’d been involved in international mapping for much longer: we surveyed Jerusalem (helping the city to improve its water supply) as early as 1865."
  3. "History of the International Collection". Southampton: Ordnance Survey. Archived from the original on 2008-11-19. Retrieved 2009-09-28.
  4. "Content dispersal". Southampton: Ordnance Survey. Archived from the original on 2008-11-19. Retrieved 2009-09-28.
  5. "The Directorate of Overseas Surveys (DOS)". NCAP.org.uk. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  6. "Commonwealth frames: Rescued archive images and maps". BBC News. 29 June 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  7. "Sightlines (2014)". imdb.com. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  8. "New Film - Sightlines - Offers a Vision of the Commonwealth". NCAP.org.uk. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  9. "Directorate of Overseas Surveys (DOS)". NCAP.org.uk. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  10. "Directorate of Overseas Surveys". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Retrieved 2009-09-28.
  11. Macdonald, Alastair (1996). Mapping The World (1st ed.). Norwich, England: HMSO. pp. ii. ISBN 978-0-11-701590-6.
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