Oryza barthii

Oryza barthii, also called Barth's rice,[3] wild rice,[4] or African wild rice,[5] is a grass in the rice genus Oryza. It is an annual, erect to semierect grass. It has leaves with a short ligule (<13 millimetres (33⁄64 in)), and panicles that are compact to open, rarely having secondary branching. The inflorescence structure are large spikelets, 7.7–12.3 millimetres (39⁄128–31⁄64 in) long and 2.3–3.5 millimetres (23⁄256–35⁄256 in) wide, with strong awns (up to 20 centimetres (8 in) long), usually red. The inflorescences have anthers 1.5–3 millimetres (15⁄256–15⁄128 in) long.

Oryza barthii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Genus: Oryza
Species:
O. barthii
Binomial name
Oryza barthii
The range of Oryza barthii.
Synonyms[2]
  • Oryza breviligulata A.Chev. & Roehr. nom. illeg.
  • Oryza glaberrima subsp. barthii (A.Chev.) De Wet
  • Oryza mezii Prodoehl
  • Oryza perennis subsp. barthii (A.Chev.) A.Chev.
  • Oryza stapfii Roshev.

This wild rice grows in sub-Saharan Africa, and is found in mopane or savanna woodland, savanna or fadama. O. barthii grows in deep water, seasonally flooded land, stagnant water, and slowly flowing water or pools; it prefers clay or black cotton soils (vertisol), and is found in open habitats.[6] It is the progenitor of cultivated Oryza glaberrima, African rice.[7][8]

It has nodal roots hosting nitrogen fixing, photosynthetic strains of Bradyrhizobium.[9]

The sequenced genome of O. barthii was published in 2014.[10] This species is one of the AA species, the domesticated rices and their wild relatives.[8]

Distribution

O. barthii is primarily found in West Africa.[8]

References
  1. Phillips, J.; Yang, L.; Mani, S.; Vaughan, D. (2017). "Oryza barthii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T177184A1471268. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T177184A1471268.en. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
  2. "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species".
  3. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Oryza barthii". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
  4. "Oryza barthii". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  5. "NCBI Taxonomy".
  6. Rice Knowledge Bank, Wild Rice Taxonomic information, accessed 12.18.2007. Archived March 13, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  7. Linares 2002, African rice (Oryza glaberrima): History and future potential PNAS 99:16360-16365.
  8. Chen, Erwang; Huang, Xuehui; Tian, Zhixi; Wing, Rod A.; Han, Bin (2019-04-29). "The Genomics of Oryza Species Provides Insights into Rice Domestication and Heterosis". Annual Review of Plant Biology. Annual Reviews. 70 (1): 639–665. doi:10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-100320. ISSN 1543-5008.
  9. Chaintreuil, Clémence; Giraud, Eric; Prin, Yves; Lorquin, Jean; Bâ, Amadou; Gillis, Monique; de Lajudie, Philippe; Dreyfus, Bernard (December 2000). "Photosynthetic Bradyrhizobia Are Natural Endophytes of the African Wild Rice Oryza breviligulata". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 66 (12): 5437–5447. doi:10.1128/AEM.66.12.5437-5447.2000. PMC 92479. PMID 11097925. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  10. Zhang, QJ.; Zhu, T.; Xia, EH.; Shi, C.; Liu, YL.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, Y.; Jiang, WK.; et al. (Nov 2014). "Rapid diversification of five Oryza AA genomes associated with rice adaptation". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 111 (46): E4954–E4962. doi:10.1073/pnas.1418307111. PMC 4246335. PMID 25368197.


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