Outline of hydrology

• Water
• Hydrologic cycle
• Cryosphere
• Origin of water on Earth
• Water distribution on Earth

• Field capacity

Water cycle (aka "hydrological cycle")

• Above ground
  • Evaporation –
    • Pan evaporation –
  • Condensation –
  • Precipitation – condensed water, is pulled by gravity back to Earth, in the form of:
    • Drizzle
    • Rain
    • Sleet
    • Snow
    • Graupel
    • Hail
  • Interception –
    • Evapotranspiration –
  • Stemflow –
  • Throughfall –
• On ground
  • Surface runoff – flow of surface water
    • First flush
    • Floods
      • Flash floods
  • Overland flow –
  • Horton overland flow –
• Below ground
  • Infiltration –
  • Pipeflow –
  • Baseflow –
  • Subsurface flow – flow of ground water

• Ground water
• Soil moisture
• Surface water

• Desertification/Oasification –
• Hypoxia –
• Erosion –
• Water pollution –

• Aquifer characterization

• Flow direction

• Piezometer - groundwater pressure and, by inference, groundwater depth (see: aquifer test)
• Conductivity, storativity, transmisivity
• Geophysical methods

• Vadose zone characterization
  • Infiltration
    • Infiltrometer - infiltration
  • Soil moisture
    • Capacitance probe-soil moisture
    • Time domain reflectometer - soil moisture
    • Tensiometer - soil moisture
    • Solute sampling
    • Geophysical methods

• Water level

• Mechanical pressure gauge –
• Electronic pressure gauge –
• Acoustic pressure gauge –

• Channel shape

• Dumpy level –

• Discharge

• Acoustic Doppler velocimeter –
• Dilution tracing –

• Precipitation[1]

• Rain gauge – rainfall depth (unit) and intensity (unit time⁻¹)
• Disdrometer – raindrop size, total precipitation depth and intensity
• Doppler weather radar – raindrop size, total precipitation depth and intensity, rain cloud reflectivity converted to precipitation intensity through calibration to rain gauges
• Wind profiler – precipitation vertical and horizontal motion, vertical cross-section of reflectivity and typing

• Frozen precipitation (on ground)

• Pressure sensors – pressure, depth, and liquid water equivalent
• Acoustic sensors – pressure, depth, and liquid water equivalent

• Mean windspeed and direction

• Anemometer –
• Doppler sonar –
• Wind profiler – air vertical and horizontal motion

• Mean air temperature

• Thermometer –

• Humidity

• Infrared thermometer – a form of remote sensing
• Hygrometer (Psychrometer) – measures relative humidity

• Air pressure

• Barometer –

• Heat flux

• Net radiometer –
• Pyranometer –
• Pyrgeometer –
• Heat flux sensor –
• Lysimeter –

• Cloudiness/Sunshine

• Spectroradiometer –
• Campbell–Stokes recorder –

• Evapotranspiration [2]

• Water budget method

• Basin water balance –
• Evaporation pan –
• Lysimetry –
• Soil moisture depletion –

• Water vapor transfer method

• Bowen ratio – considers the energy budget
• Eddy covariance –

• Component analysis

• Porometry/Sap flow –
• Interception loss –
• Soil evaporation –

• Large-scale

• Scintillometer –
• Remote sensing estimates –
• LIDAR –

• Bulk density & porosity

• Oven dried sample –

• Matric potential

• Suction plate – determines relationship between the water volume and matric potential
• Resistance thermometer – relates to matric potential from previous calibration

• Hydraulic conductivity

• Disc permeameter – measures soil hydraulic conductivity
• Rainfall simulator – measures output through the application of constant input ("rain") in a sealed area
• Slug test – addition or removal of water and monitors the time until return to predisturbance level

• Piezometer –
• Soil moisture content (water volume percentage)

• Frequency domain sensor –
• Time domain reflectometer –
• Neutron probe –

• Conductivity

• Electrical conductivity – variety of probes used

• pH

• pH meter –

• Dissolved oxygen (DO)

• Winkler test –

• Turbidity

• Nephelometer (Turbidimeter) –

• Water clarity

• Secchi disk –

• Bed load
• Erosion/deposition

Basin

• Hack's law –

Catchment

• Water balance –

Evaporation

• Penman –
• Penman-Monteith –

Infiltration/Soil Movement

• Darcy's Law –

• Darcy-Weisbach –

• Richards equation –

Streamflow/Open channel

• Fick's law of diffusion –
• Chézy formula –
• Manning formula –
• Strahler number –
• Standard step method – computational technique for modeling steady state open channel surface profiles

Erosion

• Hjulström curve –

Groundwater

• Dupuit–Forchheimer assumption –
• Groundwater flow equation –

• Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient
• GLUE

Hydrological transport model

• Canadian Land Surface Scheme
• CHyM – Cetemps Hydrological Model
• DRAINMOD
• DSSAM
• FEHM
• Flood Modeller Pro
• Groundwater model
• GSSHA
• HBV hydrology model
• HEC-HMS
• HydroGeoSphere
• Hydrologic evaluation of landfill performance
• Hydrological transport model
• Isochrone map
• Litpack
• METRIC
• MIKE 11
• MODFLOW
• Mouse
• RheinBlick2050
• Runoff model (reservoir)
• SahysMod
• SaltMod
• SEDCAD
• SHETRAN
• Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model
• SWAT model
• Temporal Analyst
• Vflo
• WAFLEX
• WaterGAP
• WEAP
• ZOOMQ3D

• International Hydrological Programme (IHP)[3]

• International Water Management Institute (IWMI)[4]
• UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education[5]

• Centre for Ecology and Hydrology – UK[6]
• Centre for Water Science, Cranfield University, UK[7]
• eawag – aquatic research, ETH Zürich, Switzerland[8]
• Institute of Hydrology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Germany[9]
• United States Geological Survey – Water Resources of the United States[10]
• NOAA's National Weather Service – Office of Hydrologic Development, USA[11]
• US Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center, USA[12]
• Hydrologic Research Center, USA[13]
• NOAA Economics and Social Sciences, USA[14]
• University of Oklahoma Center for Natural Hazards and Disasters Research, USA[15]
• National Hydrology Research Centre, Canada[16]
• National Institute of Hydrology, India[17]

• Geological Society of America (GSA) – Hydrogeology Division[18]
• American Geophysical Union (AGU) – Hydrology Section[19]
• National Ground Water Association (NGWA)[20]
• American Water Resources Association[21]
• Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc. (CUAHSI)[22]
• International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS)[23][24]
• Statistics in Hydrology Working Group (subgroup of IAHS)[25]
• German Hydrological Society (DHG: Deutsche Hydrologische Gesellschaft)[26]
• Italian Hydrological Society (SII-IHS) – http://www.sii-ihs.it
• Nordic Association for Hydrology[27]
• British Hydrological Society[28]
• Russian Geographical Society (Moscow Center) – Hydrology Commission[29]
• International Association for Environmental Hydrology[30]
• International Association of Hydrogeologists[31]

• Connected Waters Initiative, University of New South Wales[32] – Investigating and raising awareness of groundwater and water resource issues in Australia
• Murray Darling Basin Initiative, Department of Environment and Heritage, Australia[33]

• Hydrological Processes, ISSN 1099-1085 (electronic) 0885-6087 (paper), John Wiley & Sons
• Hydrology Research, ISSN 0029-1277, IWA Publishing (formerly Nordic Hydrology)
• Journal of Hydroinformatics, ISSN 1464-7141, IWA Publishing
• Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, ISSN 0733-9496, ASCE Publication
• Journal of Hydrology
• Water Research
• Water Resources Research
• Hydrological Sciences Journal – Journal of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) ISSN 0262-6667 (Print), ISSN 2150-3435 (Online)