Outside broadcasting

Cover of the 7 May 1937 edition of Radio Times, by C. R. W. Nevinson, marking the televised Coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth - the first coronation to be broadcast, and partially televised, live

Outside radio broadcasts have been taking place since the early 1920s[1] and television ones since the late 1920s.[2] The first large-scale outside broadcast was the televising of the Coronation of George VI and Elizabeth in May 1937, done by the BBC's first Outside Broadcast truck, MCR 1 (short for Mobile Control Room).[3]

After the Second World War, the first notable outside broadcast was of the 1948 Summer Olympics.[4][5] The Coronation of Elizabeth II followed in 1953, with 21 cameras being used to cover the event.[6][7]

Television South (TVS) OB Unit 1 as seen in 1991

In December 1963 instant replays were used for the first time. Director Tony Verna used the technique on the Army-Navy game which aired on CBS Sports on December 7, 1963.[8]

The 1968 Summer Olympics was the first with competitions televised in colour.[9] The 1972 Olympic Games were the first where all competitions were captured by outside broadcast cameras.[10][11]

During the 1970s, ITV franchise holder Southern Television was unique in having an outside broadcast boat, named Southener.[12]

The wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer in July 1981 was the biggest outside broadcast at the time, with an estimated 750 million viewers.[13]

Modern outside broadcasts now use specially designed OB vehicles, many of which are now built based around IP technology rather than relying on coaxial cable.[21]

There has been an increasing rise in the use of flyaway or flypack Portable Production Units, which allow for an increased level of customisation and can be rigged in a larger variety of venues.[22]

In the past many outside broadcasting applications have relied on using satellite uplinks to broadcast live audio and video back to the studio. While this has its advantages such as the ability to set up anywhere covered by the respective geostationary satellite, satellite uplinking is relatively expensive and the round trip latency is in the range of 240 to 280 milliseconds.[23]

As more venues install fiber optic cable, this is increasingly used.[24] For news gathering, contribution over public internet is also now used. Modern applications such as hardware and software IP codecs have allowed the use of public 3G/4G networks to broadcast video and audio. The latency of 3G is around 100–500 ms, while 4G is less than 100 ms.[25]

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  Outside broadcast vehicles at Raymond James Stadium in advance of Super Bowl LV
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  An ABS-CBN OB van transmitting a satellite feed
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  WFXT's trucks in Boston's Harvard Square
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  Camera operator working on an outside broadcast of a football match at Wembley Stadium
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  A BBC Radio outside broadcasting van at New College, Oxford
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  An Ikegami camera with Canon DIGISUPER lens of ORF at a football match
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  A TVN24 outside broadcasting van in Poznań, Poland
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  OB for tennis tournament: Extendible-sided production van, satellite dishes, generator truck; see two OB cameras and three announcing booths at top of stadium beyond. Kooyong, Victoria, Australia, 2008
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  Klotz Digital's Vadis DC II mixer for use at a Virgin Radio outside broadcast at the V Festival 2007

• Production truck
• Satellite truck
• Electronic news-gathering (ENG)

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Outside broadcasting.

• Recreation of a full 1970s BBC Outside Broadcast production
• Technical planning stage of a 1970s Outside Broadcast production
• Demonstration of the 'lining up' process for EMI 2001 OB camera from the 1970s
• Discussion and demonstration of the microphone and communications set up for a sports OB
• BBC Outside Broadcast crew reflect on their careers in OB production
• TV Outside Broadcast History Website