Oyez

Oyez (/oʊˈjɛz/, /oʊˈjeɪ/, /oʊˈjɛs/; more rarely with the word stress at the beginning) is a traditional interjection said two or three times in succession to introduce the opening of a court of law. The interjection is also traditionally used by town criers to attract the attention of the public to public proclamations.[1][2][3][4]

This article is about the Anglo-Norman word still used traditionally in law. For the web database, see Oyez Project. For the type of judicial commission, see Oyer and terminer.

Until the 18th century, speaking English in an English court of law was not required and one could instead use Law French, a form of French that evolved after the Norman Conquest, when Anglo-Norman became the language of the upper classes in England. Oyez descends from the Anglo-Norman oyez, the plural imperative form of oyer, from French ouïr, "to hear"; thus oyez means "hear ye" and was used as a call for silence and attention. It was common in medieval England,[1] and France.[5]

The term is still in use by the Supreme Court of the United States. At the beginning of each session, the Marshal of the United States Supreme Court strikes a gavel and announces:[6]

The Honorable, the Chief Justice and the Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States. Oyez! Oyez! Oyez! All persons having business before the Honorable, the Supreme Court of the United States, are admonished to draw near and give their attention, for the Court is now sitting. God save the United States and this Honorable Court.

The phrase is also in use in other federal courts, such as the following:

The phrase is also in use in the state courts of Virginia, North Carolina, and Maryland.

In addition to courts, the word, again repeated three times, is used by the Common Crier of the City of London for all of the city's public proclamations most notably the opening and closing of the Common Halls for the elections of lord mayor and the sheriffs at Guildhall. His other duties include the reading of the proclamation dissolving Parliament from the steps of the Royal Exchange in the United Kingdom. Traditionally, a proclamation is delivered to the Mansion House from the Privy Council Office, at which point it is given to the Common Crier, who proceeds to read it publicly.

See also

References
  1. American Heritage Dictionary Archived December 24, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  2. "Definition of OYEZ". www.merriam-webster.com.
  3. "Oyez definition and meaning - Collins English Dictionary". www.collinsdictionary.com.
  4. "oyez - Definition of oyez in English by Oxford Dictionaries". Oxford Dictionaries - English. Archived from the original on December 24, 2013.
  5. "Banque de dépannage linguistique - Oyez". bdl.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca.
  6. "How The Court Works - Oral Argument". The Supreme Court Historical Society.
Look up oyez in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Government.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.