List of P600 mountains in the British Isles

This is a list of P600 mountains in Britain and Ireland by height. A P600 is defined as a mountain with a topographic prominence above 600 m (1,969 ft), regardless of elevation or any other merits (e.g. topographic isolation); this is a similar approach to that of the Marilyn, Simms, HuMP and TuMP British Isle mountain and hill classifications. By definition, P600s have a height above 600 m (1,969 ft), the requirement to be called a "mountain" in the British Isles. The "P" terminology is an international classification,[1][2] along with P1500 Ultras.[3][4] P600 and "Majors" are used interchangeably.[5][6][7]

P600s (the "Majors")
Moel Siabod in Snowdonia, North Wales, the newest addition to the list of P600s.
Highest point
Elevationno requirement; but by definition, elevation is over 600 m (1,969 ft)
Prominenceover 600 m (1,969 ft)
Geography
Location

As of October 2018, there were 120 P600s in the British Isles: 81 in Scotland, 25 in Ireland, 8 in Wales, 4 in England, 1 in Northern Ireland, and 1 in the Isle of Man. The 120 P600s contained 54 of the 282 Scottish Munros, and 10 of the 34 Non-Scottish Munros (or Furths), all of which have heights above 3,000 feet (914.4 m), and are sometimes called the "Super-Majors". The list also contained the highest mountains in Scotland, Wales, Ireland, and England.

On 9 November 2019, Norfolk climber Liam Chase became the first person to complete all 120 P600s in a single calendar year, starting with Cross Fell on 1 January, and ending with Pen y Fan.[8] Chase was also only the seventh person recorded to have climbed all P600s over any time period.[8][9]

P600 mountains by height

British Isles mountain cartographer, Alan Dawson, developer of the Marilyns designation,[lower-alpha 1][10] labelled "Majors" as having a prominence of over 2,000 ft (610 m), but no other criteria. Dawson's prominence threshold was the normal height threshold for a British Isles mountain,[11] and 111 mountains met his definition.[11] In 2004, Dawson's prominence was converted into a metric threshold of 600 metres (1,969 ft) by Rob Woodall & Jonathan de Ferranti, and labelled the "P600s", a term used by the UIAA for major mountains; the P600s expanded to 119 mountains.[11][12] The current list has 120 mountains, although there is dispute as to whether Moel Siabod's prominence is above 600 metres (2,000 ft), or is in fact just below the threshold at 599.9 metres.[12]

This list below was downloaded from the Database of British and Irish Hills ("DoBIH")[lower-alpha 2] in October 2018. Note that topographical prominence, unlike topographical elevation, is far more complex to measure and requires a survey of the entire contours of a peak, rather than a single point of height.[15] These tables are therefore subject to being revised over time, and should not be amended or updated unless the entire DoBIH data is re-downloaded again.

  Munro: Height over 3,000 feet (914 m), and on the SMC Munro list ("M" § DoBIH codes).
  Furth: Height over 3,000 feet (914 m), and on the SMC Furth list ("F" § DoBIH codes).
  County: Highest mountain in the county ("CoU" § DoBIH codes).
  Country/Regional Top: Highest mountain in England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland, Northern Ireland, or the Isle of Man
British Isles P600 (or "Major") mountains, ranked by height (DoBIH, October 2018)
Height
Rank
Prom.
Rank
Name Country County Height
(m)
Prom.
(m)
Height
(ft)
Prom.
(ft)
Topo
Map
OS Grid
Reference
Classification
(§ DoBIH codes)
11Ben Nevis
Highest in Scotland
ScotlandHighland
(Inverness-shire)
1,3451,3454,4114,41141NN166712Ma,M,Sim,CoH,CoU,CoA,SIB
29Ben MacduiScotlandAberdeenshire/Moray1,3099504,2953,11736 43NN988989Ma,M,Sim,CoH,CoU,CoA
311Ben LawersScotlandPerth and Kinross1,2149153,9833,00251NN635414Ma,M,Sim,CoH,CoU,CoA
42Càrn EigeScotlandHighland1,1831,1473,8813,76325NH123261Ma,M,Sim,CoH
56Ben More (Crianlarich)ScotlandStirling1,1749863,8523,23551NN432244Ma,M,Sim,CoU,CoA
673LochnagarScotlandAberdeenshire1,1566713,7932,20144NO243861Ma,M,Sim
724Sgùrr na LapaichScotlandHighland1,1518403,7762,75625NH161351Ma,M,Sim
822Bidean nam BianScotlandHighland1,1498443,7712,76941NN143542Ma,M,Sim,CoH
940Ben AlderScotlandHighland1,1487833,7662,56942NN496718Ma,M,Sim
1015Ben LuiScotlandStirling1,1308753,7072,87150NN266262Ma,M,Sim
1146Binnein MòrScotlandHighland1,1307593,7072,49041NN212663Ma,M,Sim
1218Creag MeagaidhScotlandHighland1,1288673,7012,84434 42NN418875Ma,M,Sim
1314Ben CruachanScotlandArgyll and Bute1,1278803,6982,88750NN069304Ma,M,Sim,CoU,CoA
1480Beinn a' GhlòScotlandPerth and Kinross1,1226583,6812,15943NN971733Ma,M,Sim
1538A' ChràileagScotlandHighland1,1207863,6752,57933NH094147Ma,M,Sim
16110Stob Coire EasainScotlandHighland1,1156113,6582,00541NN308730Ma,M,Sim
1712Sgùrr Mòr (Fannichs)ScotlandHighland1,1089133,6352,99520NH203718Ma,M,Sim
1836Meall a' BhùiridhScotlandHighland1,1087953,6352,60841NN250503Ma,M,Sim
193Snowdon (Yr Wyddfa)
Highest in Wales
WalesGwynedd1,0851,0393,5603,409115SH609543Ma,F,Sim,Hew,N,CoH,CoU,CoA
2034Beinn Dearg (Ullapool)ScotlandHighland1,0848053,5562,64120NH259811Ma,M,Sim
2132Sgùrr a' Choire GhlaisScotlandHighland1,0838183,5532,68425NH258430Ma,M,Sim
2253SchiehallionScotlandPerth and Kinross1,0837163,5532,34942 51 52NN713547Ma,M,Sim
2385Beinn a' ChreachainScotlandPerth and Kinross1,0816503,5452,13350NN373440Ma,M,Sim
2476Sgùrr FhuaranScotlandHighland1,0696653,5062,18233NG978166Ma,M,Sim
2549Carnedd LlewelynWalesConwy/Gwynedd1,0647503,4912,461115SH683643Ma,F,Sim,Hew,N,CoU
2647An TeallachScotlandHighland1,0637573,4862,48419NH068843Ma,M,Sim
278LiathachScotlandHighland1,0559573,4613,14025NG929579Ma,M,Sim
2864Ben WyvisScotlandHighland1,0466913,4322,26720NH462683Ma,M,Sim
2989Chno DeargScotlandHighland1,0466443,4322,11341NN377741Ma,M,Sim
3025Sgùrr na CìcheScotlandHighland1,0408393,4122,75333 40NM902966Ma,M,Sim
314Carrauntoohil
Highest in Ireland
IrelandKerry1,0391,038.63,4073,40778V803844Ma,F,Sim,Hew,Dil,A,VL,CoH,CoU
3245GleouraichScotlandHighland1,0357653,3962,51033NH039053Ma,M,Sim
3388Beinn FhadaScotlandHighland1,0326473,3862,12333NH018192Ma,M,Sim
3458Sgùrr a' MhaoraichScotlandHighland1,0277083,3692,32333NG983065Ma,M,Sim
3550Beinn a' BheithirScotlandHighland1,0247293,3602,39241NN056558Ma,M,Sim
3637Ladhar BheinnScotlandHighland1,0207953,3462,60833NG824039Ma,M,Sim
3755Beinn ÌmeScotlandArgyll and Bute1,0117123,3172,33656NN254084Ma,M,Sim
3896Beinn EigheScotlandHighland1,0106323,3142,07319NG951611Ma,M,Sim
3992Glyder FawrWalesConwy/Gwynedd1,0016423,2842,106115SH642579Ma,F,Sim,Hew,N
4026Ben More AssyntScotlandHighland9988353,2742,74015NC318201Ma,M,Sim,CoH
415Sgùrr AlasdairScotlandHighland9929923,2553,25532NG450207Ma,M,Sim,SIB
4223Gaor BheinnScotlandHighland9878423,2382,76241NN002875Ma,M,Sim
43‡118Beinn AlliginScotlandHighland9866013,2351,97219 24NG865612Ma,M,Sim
4427Ben VorlichScotlandPerth and Kinross9858343,2322,73657NN629189Ma,M,Sim
4599SliochScotlandHighland9816263,2192,05419NH004690Ma,M,Sim
4613Scafell Pike
Highest in England
EnglandCumbria9789123,2092,99289 90NY215072Ma,F,Sim,Hew,N,W, B,Sy,Fel,
CoH,CoU,CoA
4730Ben LomondScotlandStirling9748203,1962,69056NN367028Ma,M,Sim,CoH
48100Aonach EagachScotlandHighland9686233,1752,04441NN140583Ma,M,Sim
497Ben MoreScotlandArgyll and Bute9669663,1693,16947 48NM525330Ma,M,Sim,SIB
50106Sgùrr ThuilmScotlandHighland9636143,1592,01440NM939879Ma,M,Sim
5131Ben KlibreckScotlandHighland9628193,1562,68716NC585299Ma,M,Sim
5252Sgorr RuadhScotlandHighland9617233,1522,37225NG959505Ma,M,Sim
5310Mount BrandonIrelandKerry9529273,1223,04170Q460116Ma,F,Sim,Hew,Dil,A,VL
5456HelvellynEnglandCumbria9507123,1172,33690NY342151Ma,F,Sim,Hew,N,W,B,Sy,Fel,CoH
5595Ben VorlichScotlandArgyll and Bute9436323,0942,07350 56NN295124Ma,M,Sim,CoH
5677Beinn SgulairdScotlandArgyll and Bute9376623,0742,17250NN053460Ma,M,Sim
57102Sròn a' Choire GhairbhScotlandHighland9376223,0742,04134NN222945Ma,M,Sim
5879Fionn BheinnScotlandHighland9336583,0612,15920NH147621Ma,M,Sim
5957SkiddawEnglandCumbria9317093,0542,32689 90NY260290Ma,F,Sim,Hew,N,W,B,Sy,Fel
6087Ben ChonzieScotlandPerth and Kinross9316483,0542,12651 52NN773308Ma,M,Sim
6119Blà BheinnScotlandHighland9298623,0482,82832NG529217Ma,M,Sim
6243Ben HopeScotlandHighland9277723,0412,5339NC477501Ma,M,Sim
6321LugnaquillaIrelandWicklow9258493,0352,78556T032917Ma,F,Sim,Hew,Dil,A,VL,CoH,CoU
6429GaltymoreIrelandLimerick/ Tipperary9188213,0112,69474R878237Ma,F,Sim,Hew,Dil,A,VL,CoH,CoU
6566FoinavenScotlandHighland9116882,9892,2579NC315506Ma,C,Sim
6675Aran FawddwyWalesGwynedd9056702,9692,198124 125SH862223Ma,Sim,Hew,N,CoH
6793Beinn an LochainScotlandArgyll and Bute9026402,9582,10056NN218078Ma,C,Sim,xMT
68109Sgùrr nan EugalltScotlandHighland8986122,9462,00833NG927048Ma,C,Sim
6920Beinn BhanScotlandHighland8968512,9402,79224NG803450Ma,C,Sim
7084Cross FellEnglandCumbria8936512,9302,13691NY687343Ma,Sim,Hew,N
71‡113Cadair IdrisWalesGwynedd8936082,9291,995124SH711130Ma,Sim,Hew,N
7217Sgùrr DhòmhnuillScotlandHighland8888732,9132,86440NM889678Ma,C,Sim
7372Pen y FanWalesPowys8866722,9072,205160SO012215Ma,Sim,Hew,N,CoH,CoU,CoA
7468Garbh BheinnScotlandHighland8856872,9042,25440NM904622Ma,C,Sim
7542Rois-bheinnScotlandHighland8827742,8942,53940NM756778Ma,C,Sim
7616Goat FellScotlandNorth Ayrshire8748742,8672,86762 69NR991415Ma,C,Sim,CoH,CoU,SIB
77‡115Ben HeeScotlandHighland8736072,8641,99116NC426339Ma,C,Sim
78‡‡119Moel SiabodWalesConwy8726002,8621,968115SH705546Ma,Sim,Hew,N
7948Creach BheinnScotlandHighland8537552,7992,47749NM870576Ma,C,Sim
8091BaurtregaumIrelandKerry8516422,7922,10671Q749076Ma,Sim,Hew,Dil,A,VL
8128Slieve Donard
Highest in N. Ireland
Northern IrelandDown8508252,7892,70729J358276Ma,Sim,Hew,Dil,A,VL,CoH,CoU
8283Cùl MòrScotlandHighland8496512,7852,13615NC162119Ma,C,Sim
83105Sgùrr GhiubhsachainScotlandHighland8496142,7852,01440NM875751Ma,C,Sim
8465CanispScotlandHighland8476892,7792,26015NC202187Ma,C,Sim
8560MerrickScotlandDumfries and Galloway8437052,7662,31377NX427855Ma,C,Sim,D,CoH,CoU,CoA
8682Broad LawScotlandScottish Borders8406532,7562,14272NT146235Ma,C,Sim,D,CoH,CoU,CoA
87107Càrn MòrScotlandHighland8296132,7202,01133 40NM903909Ma,C,Sim
8841MweelreaIrelandMayo8147782,6712,55237L789668Ma,Sim,Hew,Dil,A,VL,CoH,CoU
8933AskivalScotlandHighland8128122,6642,66439NM393952Ma,C,Sim,SIB
90101Waun FachWalesPowys8116222,6612,041161SO215299Ma,Sim,Hew,N
9144NephinIrelandMayo8067682,6442,52023 31G103079Ma,Sim,Hew,Dil,A,VL
9235Clisham(An Cliseam)ScotlandNa h-Eileanan Siar7997992,6212,62113 14NB154073Ma,C,Sim,CoU,CoA,SIB
9351Mount LeinsterIrelandCarlow/ Wexford7947262,6062,38268S826525Ma,Sim,Hew,Dil,A,VL,CoH,CoU
9471KnockmealdownIrelandTipperary/ Waterford7926782,6002,22474S057084Ma,Sim,Hew,Dil,A,VL,CoH,CoU
9598FauscoumIrelandWaterford7926282,5982,06075S316105Ma,Sim,Hew,Dil,A,VL
9639Beinn an ÒirScotlandArgyll and Bute7857852,5752,57560 61NR498749Ma,C,Sim,SIB
9759BarrclashcameIrelandMayo7727062,5332,31637L849695Ma,Sim,Hew,Dil,A,VL
9878Dùn da GhaoitheScotlandArgyll and Bute7666592,5132,16249NM672362Ma,C,Sim
99‡112Ben LoyalScotlandHighland7646092,5071,99810NC578488Ma,C,Sim
10094Croagh PatrickIrelandMayo7646382,5072,09330L905802Ma,Sim,Hew,Dil,A,VL
10169ErrigalIrelandDonegal7516852,4642,24701B928207Ma,Sim,Hew,Dil,A,VL,CoH,CoU
10281Ben Mor CoigachScotlandHighland7436552,4382,14915NC093042Ma,G,Sim
10361Beinn MhòrScotlandArgyll and Bute7416962,4312,28356NS107908Ma,G,Sim
10454Sgùrr na CoinnichScotlandHighland7397142,4252,34333NG762222Ma,G,Sim
10563Doune HillScotlandArgyll and Bute7346952,4082,28056NS290970Ma,G,Sim
10662Beinn na CaillichScotlandHighland7326962,4022,28332NG601232Ma,G,Sim
10770Benbaun (Binn Bhan)IrelandGalway7256822,3792,23837L785539Ma,Sim,Hew,Dil,A,VL,CoH,CoU
10886Slieve CarrIrelandMayo7216482,3652,12623F914144Ma,Sim,Hew,Dil,A,VL
10990SlievenamonIrelandTipperary7216432,3652,11067S297307Ma,Sim,Hew,Dil,A,VL
11074The StorrScotlandHighland7196712,3592,20123NG495540Ma,G,Sim
111111KnockboyIrelandCork/ Kerry7066102,3162,00185W004620Ma,Sim,Hew,Dil,A,VL,CoH,CoU
11297Binn idir an dá LogIrelandGalway7026292,3032,06437L888528Ma,Sim,Hew,Dil,A,VL
113108Ben GormIrelandMayo7006122,2972,00837L861652Ma,Sim,Hew,Dil,A,VL
114‡116Keeper HillIrelandTipperary6946072,2771,99159R823667Ma,Sim,Hew,Dil,A,VL
11567CroaghaunIrelandMayo6886882,2572,25722 30F559060Ma,Sim,Hew,Dil,A,VL
116‡114MaumtrasnaIrelandMayo6826082,2381,99538L961637Ma,Sim,Hew,Dil,A,VL
117‡117CuilcaghIrelandCavan/ Fermanagh6666052,1851,98526H123280Ma,Sim,Hew,Dil,A,VL,CoH,CoU
118103Snaefell
Highest on the IOM
Isle of ManIsle of Man6216212,0372,03795SC397880Ma,Sim,CoH,CoU,CoA
119104Beinn MhòrScotlandNa h-Eileanan Siar6206202,0342,03422NF808310Ma,G,Sim,SIB
120‡120Slieve SnaghtIrelandDonegal6156002,0181,96903C424390Ma,Sim,Hew,Dil,A,VL

(‡) Would not have been eligible for Dawson's 2004 "imperial" list of 111 mountains with prominence over 2,000 ft (610 m).
(‡‡) Added since the 2006 "metric" list of 119 mountains with prominence over 2,000 ft (610 m), based on updated surveys.

Sub–Majors by height

In 2006, mountain database publisher, Mark Trengove, added a list of seven "Sub–Majors" (to Dawson, Woodall, and de Ferranti's P600 "Majors"), which had a prominence of between 590–600 m (1,940–1,970 ft), and which possibly could become P600s, or Majors, in the future due to any possible discovered "contour uncertainty, rounding error, or map error".[11][12] Since 2006, one of Trengrove's Sub–Majors, Moel Siabod, was re–surveyed and shown to be a P600 "Major". The list below is the October 2018 DoBIH[lower-alpha 2] list of the six mountains with a prominence between 590–600 m (1,940–1,970 ft) in the British Isles.

  Munro: Height over 3,000 feet (914 m), and on the SMC Munro list.
  Furth: Height over 3,000 feet (914 m), and on the SMC Furth list.
  County Top: Highest mountain in the County ("CoU" § DoBIH codes).
British Isles P600 "Sub-Major" mountains, ranked by height (DoBIH, October 2018)
Height
Rank
Prom.
Rank
Name Country County Height
(m)
Prom.
(m)
Height
(ft)
Prom.
(ft)
Topo
Map
OS Grid
Reference
Classification
(§ DoBIH codes)
15Mullach Coire Mhic FhearchairScotlandHighland1,0155913,3311,93919NH052735Ma,M,Sim
24Beinn BhuidheScotlandArgyll and Bute9495923,1121,94250 56NN203187Ma,M,Sim
36Càrn DeargScotlandHighland9465913,1031,93935NH635023Ma,M,Sim
42MòruisgScotlandHighland9285943,0451,94925NH101499Ma,M,Sim
53Purple MountainIrelandKerry8325932,7301,94678V886851Ma,Sim,Hew,Dil,A,VL
61Ben CleuchScotlandClackmannanshire7215952,3651,95258NN902006Ma,G,Sim,D,CoH,CoU

DoBIH codes

The DoBIH uses the following codes for the various classifications of mountains and hills in the British Isles, which many of the above peaks also fall into:[16][17]

Prefixes

  • s sub
  • x deleted

Suffixes

  • = twin

See also

Notes

  1. Marilyns are the same as P600s, except the prominence requirement is just 150 metres (492 ft), therefore all P600s are Marilyns.
  2. The Database of British and Irish Hills ("DoBIH") is the most referenced database for the classification of peaks in the British Isles,[13] and the DoBIH is licensed under a "Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License".[14]

References

  1. Rob Woodhall (May 2016). "Relative hills on Earth". The Relative Hills of Britain (rhb.org.uk). Major: peaks with a minimum prominence of 600m. I believe the term was also coined by [American mountaineer] Steve Fry. There are 95 in Britain. Hall of Fame entry minimum is 150. [..] P600s are more the domain of continent dwellers.
  2. Jim Bloomer (May 2010). "A certain ratio". The Relative Hills of Britain (rhb.org.uk).
  3. "Beyond Britain". Relative Hills of Britain. In Britain the main thresholds for relative height (prominence) listings are 150m, 100m and 30m. Worldwide the thresholds for prominence are larger, typically 1500m, 600m and 150m. These may be referred to as Ultras or P1500s, Majors or P600s and Marilyns or P150s.
  4. "Background to the lists". Database of British and Irish Hills. 2 August 2018. An early U.S. led initiative was to list hills worldwide with a drop of at least 2000ft (609.6m). Although a register of baggers' totals is maintained by Andy Martin, the prominence criterion has been superseded by 600m or 500m in countries outside the US. Hills having a drop of at least 600m or 500m can be obtained by a search on drop, or by a sort in the Excel version, and both lists are offered on Hill Bagging. Internationally, 1500m drop has become the accepted standard for the most prominent mountains and the category is known as the Ultras.
  5. Alan Dawson (2013). "(2013 Revision) The Relative Hills of Britain". There have been numerous hill lists produced since this book was first published in 1992. Some have found their way into print, others are available online in a central database or as separate downloadable files. This brief bibliography concentrates on the more important lists and sources that are now readily available for those interested. The glossary below may assist in understanding the titles and content of some references.
  6. "P600 MAP". MountainsofScotland. 2018. A list of British and Irish hills with at least 600m of prominence, also known as the Major Mountains of Britain & Ireland. There are also 25 hills located in Ireland with 600m prominence. These are not displayed on the above map as OS maps do not cover Ireland.
  7. "The P600 Peaks". HillBagging.co.uk. 2018. The map and list depict the P600m Peaks - a list of British and Irish hills with at least 600m of prominence, also known as the Major Mountains of Britain & Ireland. One of the hills, Rois-Bheinn, could be substituted by Beinn Odhar Bheag - both have a height of 882m, so you could assign to either the 774m prominence and both should be climbed.
  8. McMillan, Aaron (3 December 2019). "Climber from Norfolk makes history by climbing 120 British mountains in less than a year". Fakenham & Wells Times. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
  9. Dickson, Isobel (14 October 2019). "Climber bids to make history by completing 120 mountains in a year". Eastern Daily Press. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
  10. Dawson, Alan (1992). The Relative Hills of Britain. Milnthorpe, Cumbria: Cicerone Press. ISBN 978-1852840686.
  11. Alan Dawson; Rob Woodall; Jonathan de Ferranti (2006). "THE BRITISH ISLES COMBINED LIST FOR THE UNITED KINGDOM AND REPUBLIC OF IRELAND". Previously available lists used a cutoff of 2,000 feet (609.6 meters). The 2000 foot cutoff would result in a total of 111 mountains -- 90 for Great Britain, 1 for Isle of Man, and 20 for Ireland. By lowering the cutoff to 600 meters (in order to be consistent with upcoming lists for Europe), we now reach a total of 119 mountains, including 93 for Great Britain, 1 on Man, and 25 in Ireland.
  12. Trengrove, Mark. "The 119 Major Mountains of Britain and Ireland". Europeaklist. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
  13. Jackson, Mark. "More Relative Hills of Britain" (PDF). Relative Hills of Britain. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 9 September 2011.
  14. "Copyright". Database of British and Irish Hills. 3 August 2018. We place no restrictions on use of the data by third parties and encourage authors of other websites and applications to do so. We just ask users to observe the terms of the Creative Commons licence
  15. Alan Dawson (March 2016). "Surveying and mapping standards". The Relative Hills of Britain (rhb.org.uk).
  16. "Classification". Database of British and Irish Hills. 3 August 2018.
  17. "Welcome to the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills (DoBIH)". HillBagging. Retrieved 8 November 2018.

General sources

  • Dawson, Alan (1992). The Relative Hills of Britain. Milnthorpe, Cumbria: Cicerone Press. ISBN 978-1852840686.
  • Clements, E.D. 'Clem' (1998). The Hewitts and Marilyns of Ireland. Cambuskenneth, Stirling: TACit Press. ISBN 0-9522680-8-6.
  • Maizlish, Aaron; Dawson, Alan; Woodall, Rob; Trengove, Mark. "Great Britain P600m summits". Retrieved 2006-08-10.
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