PCGF2

Polycomb group RING finger protein 2, PCGF2, also known as MEL18 or RNF110, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PCGF2 gene.[5][6]

PCGF2
Identifiers
AliasesPCGF2, MEL-18, RNF110, ZNF144, polycomb group ring finger 2, TPFS
External IDsOMIM: 600346 MGI: 99161 HomoloGene: 5174 GeneCards: PCGF2
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

7703

22658

Ensembl

ENSG00000277258
ENSG00000278644

ENSMUSG00000018537

UniProt

P35227

P23798

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_007144
NM_001369614
NM_001369615

NM_001163307
NM_001163308
NM_009545

RefSeq (protein)

NP_009075
NP_001356543
NP_001356544

NP_001156779
NP_001156780
NP_033571

Location (UCSC)Chr 17: 38.73 – 38.75 MbChr 11: 97.58 – 97.59 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Function

The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger motif. PCGF2 is a component of the canonical PRC1 complex composed of RING1A/B, CBX2/CBX4, polyhomeotic (PHC) proteins and is very similar to the PCGF4/BMI1 containing PRC1.[7][8] Canonical PRC1 binds to chromatin via the chromodomain of the CBX subunit that recognizes the H3K27me3 mark deposited by PRC2.[9][10] Canonical PRC1 complexes have been shown to compact chromatin and mediate higher-order chromatin structures.[11][12][13]

Polycomb complexes maintain the transcription repression of genes involved in embryogenesis, cell cycles, and tumorigenesis. PCGF2 was shown to act as a negative regulator of transcription and has tumor suppressor activity. The expression of this gene was detected in various tumor cells, but is limited in neural organs in normal tissues. Knockout studies in mice suggested that this protein may negatively regulate the expression of different cytokines, chemokines, and chemokine receptors, and thus plays an important role in lymphocyte differentiation and migration, as well as in immune responses.[6]

References

  1. ENSG00000278644 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000277258, ENSG00000278644 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000018537 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. Ishida A, Asano H, Hasegawa M, Koseki H, Ono T, Yoshida MC, Taniguchi M, Kanno M (July 1993). "Cloning and chromosome mapping of the human Mel-18 gene which encodes a DNA-binding protein with a new 'RING-finger' motif". Gene. 129 (2): 249–55. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(93)90275-8. PMID 8325509.
  6. "Entrez Gene: PCGF2 polycomb group ring finger 2".
  7. Gao Z, Zhang J, Bonasio R, Strino F, Sawai A, Parisi F, et al. (February 2012). "PCGF homologs, CBX proteins, and RYBP define functionally distinct PRC1 family complexes". Molecular Cell. 45 (3): 344–56. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2012.01.002. PMC 3293217. PMID 22325352.
  8. Hauri S, Comoglio F, Seimiya M, Gerstung M, Glatter T, Hansen K, et al. (October 2016). "A High-Density Map for Navigating the Human Polycomb Complexome". Cell Reports. 17 (2): 583–595. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.096. PMID 27705803.
  9. Bernstein E, Duncan EM, Masui O, Gil J, Heard E, Allis CD (April 2006). "Mouse polycomb proteins bind differentially to methylated histone H3 and RNA and are enriched in facultative heterochromatin". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 26 (7): 2560–9. doi:10.1128/MCB.26.7.2560-2569.2006. PMC 1430336. PMID 16537902.
  10. Cao R, Wang L, Wang H, Xia L, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, et al. (November 2002). "Role of histone H3 lysine 27 methylation in Polycomb-group silencing". Science. 298 (5595): 1039–43. Bibcode:2002Sci...298.1039C. doi:10.1126/science.1076997. PMID 12351676. S2CID 6265267.
  11. Fursova NA, Blackledge NP, Nakayama M, Ito S, Koseki Y, Farcas AM, et al. (June 2019). "Synergy between Variant PRC1 Complexes Defines Polycomb-Mediated Gene Repression". Molecular Cell. 74 (5): 1020–1036.e8. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2019.03.024. PMC 6561741. PMID 31029541.
  12. Blackledge NP, Fursova NA, Kelley JR, Huseyin MK, Feldmann A, Klose RJ (February 2020). "PRC1 Catalytic Activity Is Central to Polycomb System Function". Molecular Cell. 77 (4): 857–874.e9. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2019.12.001. PMC 7033600. PMID 31883950.
  13. Boyle S, Flyamer IM, Williamson I, Sengupta D, Bickmore WA, Illingworth RS (July 2020). "A central role for canonical PRC1 in shaping the 3D nuclear landscape". Genes & Development. 34 (13–14): 931–949. doi:10.1101/gad.336487.120. PMC 7328521. PMID 32439634.

Further reading


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