PLEX (programming language)

Plex
Paradigm	procedural, imperative, concurrent
Developer	Göran Hemdahl
First appeared	1970s
OS	Ericsson APZ
License	Proprietary
Dialects
	Plex-C, Plex-M
Influenced
	Erlang

PLEX (Programming Language for EXchanges) is a special-purpose, concurrent, real-time programming language. The proprietary PLEX language is closely tied to the architecture of Ericsson's AXE telephone exchanges which it was designed to control. PLEX was developed by Göran Hemdahl at Ericsson in the 1970s,[1] and it has been continuously evolving since then.[2] PLEX was described in 2008 as "a cross between Fortran and a macro assembler."[3]

Ericsson AXE

The language has two variants: Plex-C used for the AXE Central Processor (CP) and Plex-M used for Extension Module Regional Processors (EMRP).[4]

Ericsson started a project in the mid-1980s to create a successor language which resulted in Erlang. According to co-creator Joe Armstrong, "Erlang was heavily influenced by PLEX and the AXE design."[1] Erlang did not replace PLEX, but was used alongside it.

Execution model

A system is divided into separately compiled and loaded units of code called "blocks." A block waits for one or more signals sent from elsewhere in the system which triggers code execution.[4]

Pre-compilers

Several precompilers or code generators exist, to produce source code in Plex-C from higher level languages or graphical models. These can generate Plex-C from:

Specification and Description Language graphical representation (SDL/GR)
Plex-SQL, an extension of Plex-C with database facilities
High Level Plex (HLPLEX) another extension of Plex-C

Source code in Plex-C is compiled into the assembly language ASA210C. The binary form of ASA210C is either interpreted by a combination of hardware and microcode, or is compiled by a just-in-time compiler into native machine code for a high-capacity microprocessor.

References

Armstrong, Joe (2007). "A history of Erlang". Proceedings of the third ACM SIGPLAN conference on History of programming languages. doi:10.1145/1238844.1238850. ISBN 9781595937667. S2CID 555765.
Johan Erikson and Björn Lisper. "A Formal Semantics for PLEX" (PDF). Mälardalen University. Retrieved 2009-03-07.
Hague, James. "My Road to Erlang". Programming in the 21st Century.
Johan Erikson and Bo Lindell. "The Execution Model of APZ/PLEX - An Informal Description" (PDF). Mälardalen University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-09-04. Retrieved 2009-03-07.

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[ErlangHistory-1] Armstrong, Joe (2007). "A history of Erlang". Proceedings of the third ACM SIGPLAN conference on History of programming languages. doi:10.1145/1238844.1238850. ISBN 9781595937667. S2CID 555765.

[Semantics-2] Johan Erikson and Björn Lisper. "A Formal Semantics for PLEX" (PDF). Mälardalen University. Retrieved 2009-03-07.

[3] Hague, James. "My Road to Erlang". Programming in the 21st Century.

[Execution-4] Johan Erikson and Bo Lindell. "The Execution Model of APZ/PLEX - An Informal Description" (PDF). Mälardalen University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-09-04. Retrieved 2009-03-07.