Nawab of Awadh

Nawab of Awadh (Oudh)
Nawab of Awadh (Oudh)
	Seal
Details
First monarch	Saadat Ali Khan I
Last monarch	Birjis Qadr
Formation	1722
Abolition	1858
Residence	Chattar Manzil

The Nawab of Awadh or the Nawab of Oudh /ˈaʊd/ was the title of the rulers who governed the state of Awadh (anglicised as Oudh) in north India during the 18th and 19th centuries. The Nawabs of Awadh belonged to an Iranian dynasty[1][2][3] of Sayyid origin[4][5] from Nishapur, Iran. In 1724, Nawab Sa'adat Khan established the Oudh State with their capital in Faizabad and Lucknow.

History

The Nawabs of Awadh were semi-autonomous rulers within the fragmented polities of Mughal India after the death in 1707 of Aurangzeb. They fought wars with the Peshwa, the Battle of Bhopal (1737) against the Maratha Confederacy (which was opposed to the Mughal Empire), and the Battle of Karnal (1739) as courtiers of the "Great Moghul".[6]

The Nawabs of Awadh, along with many other Nawabs, were regarded as members of the nobility of the greater Mughal Empire. They joined Ahmad Shah Durrani during the Third Battle of Panipat (1761) and restored Shah Alam II (r. 1760–1788 and 1788–1806) to the imperial throne. The Nawab of Awadh also fought the Battle of Buxar (1764) preserving the interests of the Moghul. Oudh State eventually declared itself independent from the rule of the "Great Moghul" in 1818.[7]

List of rulers

All of these rulers used the title of Nawab from 1722 to 1856:

Titular Name	Personal Name	Birth	Reign	Death
Burhan ul Mulk Sa'adat Khan برہان الملک سعادت خان	Saadat Ali Khan I	1680 Nishapur, Khurasan, Safavid dynasty, Persia	1722 – 19 March 1739	1739
Abul-Mansur Khan Safdar Jung ابو المنصور خان صفدرجنگ	Muhammad Muqim	1708	1739 – 5 October 1754	1754
Shuja-ud-Daula شجاع الدولہ	Jalal-ud-din Haider Abul-Mansur Khan	1732	1754 – 26 January 1775	1775
Asaf-ud-Daula آصف الدولہ	Muhammad Yahya Mirza Amani	1748	26 January 1775 – 20 April 1797	1798
Asif Jah Mirza	Wazir Ali Khan وزیر علی خان	1780	21 September 1797 – 21 January 1798	1817
Yamin-ud-Daula	Saadat Ali Khan II سعادت علی خان	1752	21 January 1798 – 11 July 1814	1814
Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar Shah	Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar Shah غازی الدیں حیدر شاہ	1769	11 July 1814 – 19 October 1827	1827
Abul- Mansur Qutub-ud-din Sulaiman jah	Nasir-ud-Din Haidar Shah ناصر الدیں حیدر شاہ	1803	19 October 1827 – 7 July 1837	1837
Abul Fateh Moin-ud-din	Muhammad Ali Shah محمّد علی شاہ	1777	7 July 1837 – 7 May 1842	1842
Najm-ud-Daula Abul-Muzaffar Musleh-ud-din	Amjad Ali Shah امجد علی شاہ	1801	7 May 1842 – 13 February 1847	1847
Abul-Mansur Mirza	Wajid Ali Shah واجد علی شاہ	1822	13 February 1847 – 11 February 1856	1 September 1887
Mohammadi Khanum	Begum Hazrat Mahal بیگم حضرت محل	1820	11 February 1856 – 5 July1857 Wife of Wajid Ali Shah and mother of Birjis Qadra (in rebellion)	7 April 1879
Ramzan Ali رمضان علی	Birjis Qadr بر جیس قدر	1845	5 July 1857 – 3 March 1858 (in rebellion)	14 August 1893

Gallery

Saadat Ali Khan I, the first Nawab of Awadh, who laid the foundation of that state.
Safdarjung is accused of making peace with the Maratha Confederacy.
Shuja-ud-Daula fought the Maratha Confederacy during the Third Battle of Panipat on behalf of the Great Moghul, he's also known to have fought during the Battle of Buxar.
Shuja ud-Daula and his ten sons
Shuja-ud-Daulah on a hunt
Shuja's army in Oudh
Oudh Cavalry
Mumtaz-ud-Daulah of the Budh Royal Family attributed to Felice Beato
Moksim-ud-Daulah
Gates of the Palace at Lucknow by W. Daniell, 1801.
Gate of the Lal-Bagh fort at Faizabad in 1801.

References

Sacred space and holy war: the politics, culture and history of Shi'ite Islam Archived 29 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine By Juan Ricardo Cole
Encyclopædia Iranica, Archived 22 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine, R. B. Barnett
Art and culture: endeavours in interpretation by Ahsan Jan Qaisar, Som Prakash Verma, Mohammad Habib
Davies, C. Collin (1960–2005). "Awadh". Encyclopaedia of Islam (12 vols.) (2nd ed.). Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Srivastava 1954, p. 1.
Azhar, Mirza Ali (1982). King Wajid Ali Shah of Awadh. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
"As children, we wanted revenge on the British". The Times of India. 30 September 2016. Archived from the original on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 13 April 2019.

External links

Nawabs of Awadh
THE COURT LIFE UNDER THE NAWABS OF AWADH (1754–1797)
Roots of North Indian Shi‘ism in Iran and Iraq:Religion and State in Awadh, 1722–1859, by J. R. I. Cole. University of California Press, 1989.
HISTORICAL SERIES No. LVI
Advanced study in the history of modern India, Volume 2, by G. S. Chhabra, Lotus Press, 1 January 2005

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] Sacred space and holy war: the politics, culture and history of Shi'ite Islam Archived 29 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine By Juan Ricardo Cole

[Avadh-2] Encyclopædia Iranica, Archived 22 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine, R. B. Barnett

[3] Art and culture: endeavours in interpretation by Ahsan Jan Qaisar, Som Prakash Verma, Mohammad Habib

[4] Davies, C. Collin (1960–2005). "Awadh". Encyclopaedia of Islam (12 vols.) (2nd ed.). Leiden: E. J. Brill.

[FOOTNOTESrivastava19541-5] Srivastava 1954, p. 1.

[6] Azhar, Mirza Ali (1982). King Wajid Ali Shah of Awadh. Retrieved 17 September 2020.

[TOI-7] "As children, we wanted revenge on the British". The Times of India. 30 September 2016. Archived from the original on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 13 April 2019.