Pak Paengnyeon

Pak Paeng-nyeon (박팽년, 朴彭年; 1417–1456) was a scholar-official of the early Joseon Dynasty, and is known as one of the six martyred ministers. He was born to a yangban family of the Suncheon Park clan, and was the son of high minister Park Jeong-rim. He passed the lower national service examination at a royal visitation in 1434, and was later appointed to the Hall of Worthies by Sejong. In the 1440s, he participated with other members of the Hall of Worthies in the creation of the Hunminjeongeum and the creation of the Hangul alphabet. He passed the higher literary examination in 1447, and rose to vice-minister of justice under Danjong in 1454. He was an 8th cousin of Park Won-jong, the maternal uncle of Yun Im and Queen Janggyeong, the second wife of King Jungjong.

In this Korean name, the family name is Park.
Pak Paengnyeon
Hangul
박팽년
Hanja
朴彭年
Revised RomanizationBak Paengnyeon
McCune–ReischauerPark Paengnyŏn
Art name
Hangul
취금헌
Hanja
醉琴軒
Revised RomanizationChwigeumheon
McCune–ReischauerCh'wigŭmhŏn
Courtesy name
Hangul
인수
Hanja
仁叟
Revised RomanizationInsu
McCune–ReischauerInsu

Biography

In 1455, Danjong was overthrown by Sejo, arising the ire of Park and many other officials. Park continued to serve in high office; he was appointed as governor of Chungcheong in 1455, and again as vice-minister of justice in 1456. He joined in a plot to overthrow Sejo and restore Danjong in 1456, but the plot was uncovered through the betrayal of fellow plotter Kim Jil. Sejo admired Park's abilities and offered to pardon him if he were to deny his involvement and acknowledge Sejo as his king. When he refused to repent from his deeds, Sejo argued that it was useless to deny his authority now since Park had already called himself a "royal servant" and received royal grains from him. Park, however, denied this and it was indeed discovered that Park purposefully misspelled words "royal servant" in all of his reports (He wrote word meaning "huge"(巨) instead of "royal servant", 臣), and never used royal grains but instead stored them unused in a storage. Park died in prison from torture. All the males in his family were executed and females were enslaved.

A shrine to Park is located in Sinni-myeon, Chungju, Chungcheongbuk-do. It was established in the 18th century, when Park and his fellows had come to be viewed as model subjects. Another memorial dating to 1688 stands in Jayang-dong, Dong-gu, Daejeon, at the former site of his official residence. A few of Park’s sijo poems have survived.

Family
  • Father
    • Park Jeong-rim (박중림)
  • Sibling(s)
    • Older sister - Lady Park of the Suncheon Park clan (순천 박씨, 順天 朴氏)
      • Brother-in-law - Bong Yeo-hae (봉여해)
  • Wives and their children
    • Lady Kim of the Nakan Kim clan (낙안 김씨)
    • Lady Jeon of the Cheonan Jeon clan (천안 전씨, 天安 全氏)
      • Son - Park Heon (박헌, 朴憲)
      • Son - Park Sun (박순, 朴珣) (? - 1456)
      • Son - Park Bun (박분, 朴苯)
        • Grandson - Park Il-san (박일산)
      • Daughter - Lady Park of the Suncheon Park clan (순천 박씨, 順天 朴氏)
        • Son-in-law - Kim Ja-mu (김자무, 金自茂)
      • Daughter - Lady Park of the Suncheon Park clan (순천 박씨, 順天 朴氏)
        • Son-in-law - Yi Gong-rin (이공린, 李公麟)
      • Daughter - Princess Consort Park of the Suncheon Park clan (군부인 순천 박씨, 郡夫人 順天朴氏)
        • Son-in-law - Yi Jeon, Prince Yeongpung (영풍군 이전) (17 September 1434 - 1457/58)[1]
          • Granddaughter - Yi So-sa (이소사, 李召史)
          • Adoptive grandson - Yi Ui (길안도정 이의)[2]
          • Adoptive grandson - Yi Bin, Prince Choiseong (취성군 이빈)[3]

See also

References
  1. The 3rd son of King Sejong and Royal Noble Consort Hye
  2. The second son of Yi Dang, Prince Yeonghae (영해군 이당); the son of King Sejong and Royal Noble Consort Shin
  3. A grandson of Grand Prince Yangnyeong, grandnephew of King Sejong, and great-grandson of King Taejong and Queen Wongyeong
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