Pallor
Pallor is a pale color of the skin that can be caused by illness, emotional shock or stress, stimulant use, or anemia, and is the result of a reduced amount of oxyhaemoglobin and may also be visible as pallor of the conjunctivae of the eyes on physical examination.
| Pallor | |
|---|---|
 | |
| A girl with circumoral pallor due to scarlet fever | |
| Specialty | Hematology, Rheumatology, Dermatology |
| Differential diagnosis | Hypopigmentation |
Pallor is more evident on the face and palms. It can develop suddenly or gradually, depending on the cause. It is not usually clinically significant unless it is accompanied by a general pallor (pale lips, tongue, palms, mouth and other regions with mucous membranes). It is distinguished from similar presentations such as hypopigmentation (lack or loss of skin pigment) or simply a fair complexion.
Causes
- migraine attack or headache[1]
- excess estradiol and/or estrone
- osteoporosis
- emotional response, due to fear, embarrassment, grief, rage[2]
- anorexia
- anemia,[3] due to blood loss, poor nutrition, or underlying disease such as sickle cell anemia
- iron deficiency
- vitamin B12 deficiency[4]
- shock, a medical emergency caused by illness or injury
- acute compartment syndrome
- frostbite
- common cold
- cancer[5]
- hypoglycaemia[6]
- bradycardia
- panic attack
- medications
- lead poisoning
- motion sickness[7]
- heart disease
- Peripheral vascular disease
- hypothyroidism
- hypopituitarism
- scurvy
- tuberculosis
- sleep deprivation
- pheochromocytoma
- squeamishness
- visceral larva migrans
- Orthostatic hypotension
- methyldopa
- loss of appetite
- Space adaptation syndrome
- fibromyalgia
- Buerger's disease
- Hypovolemia
References
- Gupta, V. K. (19 August 2004). "Conceptual divide between adaptive and pathogenetic phenomena in migraine: nausea and vomiting". Brain. 127 (11): E18. doi:10.1093/brain/awh279. PMID 15492109. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
- Drummond, Peter D. (October 1997). "Correlates of facial flushing and pallor in anger-provoking situations". Personality and Individual Differences. 23 (4): 575–582. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(97)00077-9.
- Kalantri, Ashwini; Karambelkar, Mandar; Joshi, Rajnish; Kalantri, Shriprakash; Jajoo, Ulhas (1 January 2010). "Accuracy and Reliability of Pallor for Detecting Anaemia: A Hospital-Based Diagnostic Accuracy Study". PLOS ONE. 5 (1): e8545. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.8545K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008545. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 2797134. PMID 20049324.
- Mishra, Vikas A.; Harbada, Rishit; Sharma, Akhilesh (2015). "Vitamin B12 and Vitamin D Deficiencies: An Unusual Cause of Fever, Severe Hemolytic Anemia and Thrombocytopenia". Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 4 (1): 145–148. doi:10.4103/2249-4863.152276. ISSN 2249-4863. PMC 4366991. PMID 25811010.
- Fragkandrea, Ioanna; Nixon, John Alexander; Panagopoulou, Paraskevi (1 August 2013). "Signs and Symptoms of Childhood Cancer: A Guide for Early Recognition". American Family Physician. 88 (3): 185–192. PMID 23939697. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
- Poterucha, Joseph T.; Bos, J. Martijn; Cannon, Bryan C.; Ackerman, Michael J. (1 August 2015). "Frequency and severity of hypoglycemia in children with beta-blocker–treated long QT syndrome". Heart Rhythm. 12 (8): 1815–1819. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.04.034. ISSN 1547-5271. PMID 25929701. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
- Holmes, Sharon; King, Stuart; Scott, J. R. Rollin; Clemes, Stacy (2002). "Facial Skin Pallor Increases During Motion Sickness". Journal of Psychophysiology. 16 (3): 150–157. doi:10.1027//0269-8803.16.3.150. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
External links
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