Panhispanism

Panhispanism (Spanish: panhispanismo) (usually just called "hispanism" (Spanish: hispanismo)) is a political trend aimed to achieve social, economic, and political cooperation, as well as often political unification, of the Spanish-speaking countries, mainly those of Hispanic America. It focuses principally on the former Spanish Empire's territories in North, Central, and South America. It has been present consistently in literature, revolutionary movements, and political institutions. The term may be also used to talk specifically about projects of Hispanic American unity held by Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín, despite Hispanic areas outside the Americas not included in this definition.

Hispanidad


The Hispanic flag

Spanish-speaking nations
Europe
Americas
Africa
Asia (in some interpretations of panhispanism)
  •  Philippines (formerly, with only few native speakers today)

Background

The Spanish colonization of America began in 1492 and ultimately was part of a larger historical process of world colonialism through which various European powers incorporated a considerable amount of territory and peoples in the Americas, in Asia, and in Africa between the 15th and the 20th centuries. Hispanic America became the main part of the vast Spanish Empire.

Due to Napoleon's invasion of Spain from 1808 to 1814 and the consequent chaos, the dismemberment of the Spanish Empire was initiated as American territories began to move towards independence. The only remaining Spanish holdings in the Americas were Cuba and Puerto Rico by 1830[1] until the 1898 Spanish–American War.

Present-day developments

In the Hispanic world today, panhispanism is largely anti-American[2] and opposes "Anglo-Saxon" influence in general in Hispanic territories, viewing it as imperialist.[3] Social media has also been identified as a catalyst for a resurgence in panhispanic sentiment.[4] YouTubers such as "Brigada Antifraude" and Santiago Armesilla are popular proponents of panhispanism, having channels with thousands of views and subscribers, in which they defend the idea of a Hispanic union and attack the Black Legend.[5] In Puerto Rico, there exists a movement to reunify the island with Spain as its proposed 18th autonomous region,[6] and in Peru, right-wing protestors have been seen carrying the old flag of the Spanish Empire.[7] In 2022 the organization Parlamento Global Hispano (English: Hispanic Global Parliament) was created as an international Hispanic provisional assembly aiming to move the Hispanic world towards economic and political integration;[8] its first elections were held from September to October.[9]

See also

References
  1. Hall, D. (1987). The Caribbean experience: An historical survey 1450-1960. Kingston: Heinemann educational Books.
  2. Cabrera, Leoncio López-ocón (1982-01-01). "«La América, Crónica Hispano-americana». Génesis y significación de una empresa americanista del liberalismo democrático español". Quinto Centenario (in Spanish). 4: 137. ISSN 1988-267X.
  3. Muller, Dalia Antonia (2011). "Latin America and the Question of Cuban Independence". The Americas. 68 (2): 209–239. doi:10.1353/tam.2011.0115. ISSN 1533-6247.
  4. "Sombras del «panhispanismo»". addendaetcorrigenda (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-11-07.
  5. "Entrevista a Santiago Armesilla | Entrevista". El Viejo Topo (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-11-07.
  6. "Puerto Rico movement pitches solution to economic woes: rejoin Spain". the Guardian. 2015-08-30. Retrieved 2022-11-08.
  7. Moncada, Andrea (25 October 2021). "What's With All the Imperial Spanish Flags in Peru (and Elsewhere)?". Americas Quarterly.
  8. "PGH". www.parlamentoglobalhispano.com. Retrieved 2022-11-07.
  9. "PGH". www.parlamentoglobalhispano.com. Retrieved 2022-11-07.

Further reading
  • Aken, Mark J. van. Pan-Hispanism: Its Origin and Development to 1866. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press 1959.
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