Curcuma

Curcuma (/ˈkɜːrkjʊmə/)[3] is a genus of plants in the family Zingiberaceae that contains such species as turmeric and Siam tulip. They are native to Southeast Asia, southern China, the Indian Subcontinent, New Guinea and northern Australia.[4] Some species are reportedly naturalized in other warm parts of the world such as tropical Africa, Central America, Florida, and various islands of the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans. Generally, most curcuma grows well in loose and sandy soil in shaded areas.[2][5]

Curcuma
Curcuma zedoaria
1896 illustration[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Zingiberales
Family: Zingiberaceae
Subfamily: Zingiberoideae
Tribe: Zingibereae
Genus: Curcuma
L.
Synonyms[2]
  • Kua Rheede ex Medic.
  • Erndlia Giseke
  • Stissera Giseke 1792, illegitimate homonym not Heist. ex Fabr. 1759
  • Hitcheniopsis (Baker) Ridl.
  • Paracautleya R.M.Sm.

Botanical description
Curcuma rhizome, sections and powder

Curcuma is a perennial, herbaceous plant that can reach a height of 1 meter. It emits numerous, edible rhizomes whose interiors are yellow or orange. These rhizomes are reduced to a powder, which is the spice called curcuma. Its lanceolate leaves are oblong or elliptical and are of a uniform green, and about 50cm long and 7 to 25 cm wide.[6]

Uses

The name is derived from the Sanskrit kuṅkuma, referring to turmeric. Turmeric is used to flavour or colour curry powders, mustards, butters, and cheeses; it may also be used as a substitute for saffron or other yellowish pigments.[7]

Species
Curcuma euchroma
Curcuma inodora
A. Bernecker: Curcuma longa
Curcuma longa

Plants of the World Online currently includes:[8]

  1. Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.
  2. Curcuma albiflora Thwaites
  3. Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnep. : Siam tulip
  4. Curcuma amada Roxb. : mango-ginger
  5. Curcuma amarissima Roscoe
  6. Curcuma andersonii (Baker) Škornick.
  7. Curcuma angustifolia Roxb.
  8. Curcuma antinaia Chaveer. & Tanee
  9. Curcuma arida Škornick. & N.S.Lý
  10. Curcuma aromatica Salisb. : wild turmeric
  11. Curcuma arracanensis W.J.Kress & V.Gowda
  12. Curcuma attenuata Wall. ex Baker
  13. Curcuma aurantiaca Zijp
  14. Curcuma australasica Hook.f.
  15. Curcuma bakeriana Hemsl.
  16. Curcuma bella Maknoi, K.Larsen & Sirirugsa
  17. Curcuma bhatii (R.M.Sm.) Škornick. & M.Sabu
  18. Curcuma bicolor Mood & K.Larsen
  19. Curcuma caesia Roxb.
  20. Curcuma campanulata (Kuntze) Škornick.
  21. Curcuma candida (Wall.) Techapr. & Škornick.
  22. Curcuma cannanorensis R.Ansari, V.J.Nair & N.C.Nair
  23. Curcuma caulina J.Graham
  24. Curcuma ceratotheca K.Schum.
  25. Curcuma clovisii Škornick.
  26. Curcuma cochinchinensis Gagnep.
  27. Curcuma codonantha Škornick., M.Sabu & Prasanthk.
  28. Curcuma coerulea K.Schum.
  29. Curcuma colorata Valeton
  30. Curcuma comosa Roxb.
  31. Curcuma coriacea Mangaly & M.Sabu
  32. Curcuma corniculata Škornick.
  33. Curcuma cotuana Luu, Škornick. & H.Ð.Tran
  34. Curcuma decipiens Dalzell
  35. Curcuma ecomata Craib
  36. Curcuma elata Roxb.
  37. Curcuma euchroma Valeton
  38. Curcuma exigua N.Liu
  39. Curcuma ferruginea Roxb.
  40. Curcuma flammea Škornick.
  41. Curcuma flaviflora S.Q.Tong
  42. Curcuma glans K.Larsen & Mood
  43. Curcuma glauca (Wall.) Škornick.
  44. Curcuma gracillima Gagnep.
  45. Curcuma graminifolia (K.Larsen & Jenjitt.) Škornick.
  46. Curcuma grandiflora Wall. ex Baker
  47. Curcuma gulinqingensis N.H.Xia & Juan Chen
  48. Curcuma haritha Mangaly & M.Sabu
  49. Curcuma harmandii Gagnep.
  50. Curcuma heyneana Valeton & Zijp
  51. Curcuma inodora Blatt.
  52. Curcuma involucrata (King ex Baker) Škornick.
  53. Curcuma karnatakensis Amalraj, Velay. & Mural.
  54. Curcuma kayahensis Nob.Tanaka & M.M.Aung
  55. Curcuma kudagensis Velay., V.S.Pillai & Amalraj
  56. Curcuma kwangsiensis S.G.Lee & C.F.Liang
  57. Curcuma larsenii Maknoi & Jenjitt.
  58. Curcuma latiflora Valeton
  59. Curcuma latifolia Roscoe
  60. Curcuma leonidii Škornick. & Luu identified at Bu Gia Map National Park[9]
  61. Curcuma leucorrhiza Roxb.
  62. Curcuma loerzingii Valeton
  63. Curcuma longa L. : turmeric - type species
  64. Curcuma longispica Valeton
  65. Curcuma macrochlamys (Baker) Škornick.
  66. Curcuma mangga Valeton & Zijp
  67. Curcuma meraukensis Valeton
  68. Curcuma montana Roxb.
  69. Curcuma mukhraniae R.Kr.Singh & Arti Garg
  70. Curcuma mutabilis Škornick., M.Sabu & Prasanthk.
  71. Curcuma myanmarensis (W.J.Kress) Škornick.
  72. Curcuma nankunshanensis N.Liu, X.B.Ye & Juan Chen
  73. Curcuma neilgherrensis Wight
  74. Curcuma newmanii Škornick.
  75. Curcuma oligantha Trimen
  76. Curcuma ornata Wall. ex Baker
  77. Curcuma pambrosima Škornick. & N.S.Lý
  78. Curcuma parviflora Wall.
  79. Curcuma parvula Gage
  80. Curcuma pedicellata (Chaveer. & Mokkamul) Škornick.
  81. Curcuma peramoena Souvann. & Maknoi
  82. Curcuma petiolata Roxb.
  83. Curcuma phaeocaulis Valeton
  84. Curcuma picta Roxb. ex Škornick.
  85. Curcuma pierreana Gagnep.
  86. Curcuma plicata Wall. ex Baker
  87. Curcuma porphyrotaenia Zipp. ex Span.
  88. Curcuma prakasha S.Tripathi
  89. Curcuma prasina Skornick.
  90. Curcuma pseudomontana J.Graham
  91. Curcuma purpurascens Blume
  92. Curcuma putii Maknoi & Jenjitt.
  93. Curcuma pygmaea Škornick. & Šída f.
  94. Curcuma reclinata Roxb.
  95. Curcuma rhabdota Sirirugsa & M.F.Newman
  96. Curcuma rhomba Mood & K.Larsen
  97. Curcuma roscoeana Wall.
  98. Curcuma roxburghii M.A.Rahman & Yusuf
  99. Curcuma rubescens Roxb.
  100. Curcuma rubrobracteata Škornick., M.Sabu & Prasanthk.
  101. Curcuma sahuynhensis Škornick. & N.S.Lý
  102. Curcuma saraburiensis Boonma & Saensouk
  103. Curcuma sattayasaiorum Chaveer. & Sudmoon
  104. Curcuma scaposa (Nimmo) Škornick. & M.Sabu
  105. Curcuma sessilis Gage
  106. Curcuma sichuanensis X.X.Chen
  107. Curcuma singularis Gagnep.
  108. Curcuma sparganiifolia Gagnep.
  109. Curcuma stenochila Gagnep.
  110. Curcuma strobilifera Wall. ex Baker
  111. Curcuma sumatrana Miq.
  112. Curcuma supraneeana (W.J.Kress & K.Larsen) Škornick.
  113. Curcuma sylvatica Valeton
  114. Curcuma thorelii Gagnep.
  115. Curcuma tongii Y.H.Tan & Li X.Zhang[10]
  116. Curcuma trichosantha Gagnep.
  117. Curcuma vamana M.Sabu & Mangaly
  118. Curcuma viridiflora Roxb.
  119. Curcuma vitellina Škornick. & H.Ð.Tran
  120. Curcuma wallichii M.A.Rahman & Yusuf
  121. Curcuma wilcockii M.A.Rahman & Yusuf
  122. Curcuma woodii N.H.Xia & Juan Chen
  123. Curcuma xanthella Škornick.
  124. Curcuma yingdeensis N.H.Xia & Juan Chen
  125. Curcuma yunnanensis N.Liu & S.J.Chen
  126. Curcuma zanthorrhiza Roxb. : temu lawak
  127. Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe : zedoary
  128. Curcuma zedoarioides Chaveer. & Tanee
  129. Curcuma nepalensis M. Sabu, Kasaju & S. Subedi,

References
  1. Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen
  2. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  3. "curcuma". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d.
  4. "Curcuma [family ZINGIBERACEAE]". Global Plants.
  5. Sirirugsa, P.; Larsen, K.; Maknoi, C. (2007). "The Genus Curcuma L. (Zingiberaceae): Distribution and Classification with Reference to Species Diversity in Thailand" (PDF). Gardens' Bulletin Singapore. 59 (1&2): 203–220. S2CID 173169715.
  6. Collectif (2016). Histoire Naturelle (in French). Paris: Flammarion. p. 149. ISBN 9782081378599.
  7. Tawney, C. H. (1924). The use of turmeric (kuṅkuma) in ancient India. p. 13. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  8. Plants of the World Online: Curcuma L. (retrieved 3 May 2021)
  9. "Leonid crocus (Curcuma leonidii) – a new species discovered in Bu Gia Map National Park in Binh Phuoc province". Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology. Archived from the original on 2014-05-04. Retrieved 2014-05-03.
  10. Zhang, Li-Xia; Ding, Hong-Bo; Li, Hai-Tao; Zhang, Zhong-Lian; Tan, Yun-Hong (11 March 2019). "Curcuma tongii, a new species of Curcuma subgen. Ecomatae (Zingiberaceae) from southern Yunnan, China". Phytotaxa. 395 (3): 241. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.395.3.9. S2CID 92158324.
Look up curcuma in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
  • Curcuma aeruginosa
    Curcuma aeruginosa
  • Curcuma longa
    Curcuma longa
  • Curcuma sp.
    Curcuma sp.
  • Curcuma sp.
    Curcuma sp.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.