Paralaoma servilis

The native range for this species is thought to be New Zealand. However, the species is known to occur worldwide in numerous countries and islands outside of its native range, including:

• Great Britain
• Uganda[2]
• Kenya[2]
• Tanzania[2]
• Belgium
• France

• Van den Neucker T. & Ronsmans J. (2015). The globally invasive Paralaoma servilis (Gastropoda: Punctidae) reported for the first time in Belgium. Journal of Conchology 42(1):95-96. PDF
• Martens, E. von. (1865). Uebersicht der Land-und Süsswasser-Mollusken des Nil-Gebietes. Malakozoologische Blätter. 12 (4): 177-192; 12 (5): 192-207
• Spencer, H.G., Marshall, B.A. & Willan, R.C. (2009). Checklist of New Zealand living Mollusca. Pp 196-219. in: Gordon, D.P. (ed.) New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Volume one. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. Canterbury University Press,
• Neubert, E. (1998). Annotated checklist of the terrestrial and freshwater molluscs of the Arabian Peninsula with descriptions of new species. Fauna of Arabia. 17: 333-461.
• Rosenberg, G. & Muratov, I. V. (2006). Status report on the terrestrial Mollusca of Jamaica. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 155: 117-161; Erratum: 156: 401 (2007).
• Hausdorf, B. (2002). Introduced Land Snails and Slugs in Colombia. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 68 (2): 127-131.
• Bruggen, A. C. van. (2007). Terrestrial molluscs recorded from Mt. Mulanje, Malaŵi. Nyala. 24: 17–37
• Brook, F.J. & Ablett, J.D. (2019). Type material of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) described from New Zealand by taxonomists in Europe and North America between 1830 and 1934, and the history of research on the New Zealand land snail fauna from 1824 to 1917. Zootaxa. 4697: 1-117.

• AnimalBase page for this species at:
• Shuttleworth, R. J. (1852). Diagnosen einiger neuen Mollusken aus den Canarischen Inseln. Mittheilungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bern. 1852 (241/242): 137-146. Bern
• redale, T. (1913). The land Mollusca of the Kermadec islands. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London. 10(6): 364-388, pl. 18
• Reeve, L. A. (1851-1854). Monograph of the genus Helix. In: Conchologia iconica, or, illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals, vol. 7, pls. 1-210 and unpaginated text. L. Reeve & Co., London.
• Pfeiffer, L. (1846). Symbolae ad historiam Heliceorum. Sectio tertia. 1–100. Cassellis: Th. Fischer
• Nevill, G. (1870). On the land shells of Bourbon, with descriptions of a few new species. The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Part II, 39 (4): 403-416. Calcutta
• Iredale, T. (1944). The land Mollusca of Lord Howe Island. The Australian Zoologist. 10(3): 299-334
• Boettger, O. (1880). Diagnoses molluscorum novorum ab ill. Hans Leder in regione caspia Talysch dicta lectorum. Jahrbücher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft. 7 (4): 379-383. Frankfurt am Main
• Boettger, O. (1905). Die Konchylien aus den Anspülungen des Sarus-Flusses bei Adana in Cilicien. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft. 37 (3): 97-123, pl. 2a. Frankfurt am Main