Parapiptadenia rigida

Parapiptadenia rigida is a perennial shrub or tree. It is not a threatened species. It is native to Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Common names include angico, angico-cedro, angico-do-banhado, angico-dos-montes, angico-verdadeiro, angico-vermelho (in Spanish angico is changed for anchico), guarucaia and paric.[2]

Parapiptadenia rigida
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae
Clade: Mimosoid clade
Genus: Parapiptadenia
Species:
P. rigida
Binomial name
Parapiptadenia rigida
Range of Parapiptadenia rigida
Synonyms[1]
  • Piptadenia rigida Benth.
  • Piptadenia rigida var. grandis Lindm.
  • Piptadenia rigida var. typica Lindm.
  • Prosopis elegans Spreng.
  • Senegalia angico (Mart.) Seigler & Ebinger

Parapiptadenia rigida grows from about 18m to 30m in height and it has a straight trunk which has slightly furrowed bark. The foliage is dark green and the flowers are greenish-yellow 5 cm to 9 cm long. It blooms in the spring. The seed pods grow 9 cm to 16 cm in length. The seeds are flat, oval and brown. It is found along the lengths of rivers.

Uses

Essential oils

Essential oils from the tree are becoming more widely recognized in industrial fragrance production.[3]

Gum

Gum from the tree can be used in the same way as gum arabic.[4]

Traditional uses

Extracts from the tree have astringent, expectorant, anti-diarrheal, and hemorrhage-arresting properties.[5] It is used for its antiseptic properties in southern Brazil.[6] The bark has a high tannin content of 15.0%[7] and it is used in folk medicine as a bitter-tasting tonic and body cleanser. It is used to treat rickets, lack of appetite and muscle weakness.[8] Parapiptadenia rigida is psychoactive.[9]

Tannin

The tree's bark contains 15.0% tannin.[10]

Wood

Its dense, wood is resistant to the elements and is used for construction,[11] carpentry, beams for bridges,[8] poles and firewood.[12] The wood is said to be unaffected by insects including termites and it can last more than 20 years unpainted.

Mechanical properties

It has a "Janka Hardness" of 2300-3700 lb.,[13] a parallel "bending strength" of 16900 psi, a parallel "compression strength" of 8500 psi and a density of 720–1199 kg/m3[14][15] at a moisture content of 12-15%. Its modulus of elasticity is 157 801 kg/cm2.[16]

For hardwood flooring it is called "pepperwood."[13]

References
  1. "Parapiptadenia rigida (Benth.) Brenan". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  2. International Legume Database & Information Service (ILDIS)
  3. Perfumer and Flavorist Magazine Archived 2007-07-04 at the Wayback Machine
  4. Anadenanthera: Visionary Plant of Ancient South America By Constantino Manuel Torres, David B. Repke, p. 98
  5. PDF Múltiplos Usos de Espécies Vegetais Pela Farmacologia Guarani Através De Iinformações Històricas
  6. Bionews Online
  7. Google Books Anadenanthera: Visionary Plant of Ancient South America By Constantino Manuel Torres, David B. Repke p. 96
  8. Árvoresdeirati
  9. Index of Rätsch, Christian. Enzyklopädie der psychoaktiven Pflanzen, Botanik, Ethnopharmakologie und Anwendungen, 7. Auflage. AT Verlag, 2004, 941 Seiten. ISBN 3-85502-570-3 at "DeutschesFachbuch.de : Enzyklopädie der psychoaktiven Pflanzen Botanik, Ethnopharmakologie und Anwendungen von Christian Rätsch". Archived from the original on 2007-10-10. Retrieved 2007-06-13.
  10. Anadenanthera: Visionary Plant of Ancient South America By Constantino Manuel Torres, David B. Repke
  11. Florestar Estatístico Archived 2004-11-23 at the Wayback Machine
  12. Bericht ueber die Exkursion des Lehrstuhls fuer Vegetationsoekologie durch Suedamerika 2005 Archived 2006-10-01 at the Wayback Machine
  13. J.G. Architectural
  14. Argentinean Hard Woods
  15. World AgroForestry
  16. Ficha Técnica: Anchico Colorado (Spanish) Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine
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