Parascorodite

Parascorodite is a rare, secondary iron-arsenate mineral. It has a chemical formula of (FeAsO4·2H2O) and was discovered in 1967 using X-ray powder diffraction methods, when an unknown substance was found along with scorodite on medieval ore dumps in the Czech Republic. The holotype of parascorodite can be found in the mineralogical collection of the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic under acquisition number P1p25/98.[2]

Parascorodite
General
CategorySecondary Iron Arsenate
Formula
(repeating unit)		FeAsO4·2H2O
IMA symbolPscd[1]
Crystal systemHexagonal
Crystal class6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) - Dihexagonal Dipyramidal
Unit cell = 8.9327(5)Å, = 9.9391(8)Å, = 686.83(8)Å3
Identification
Coloryellow-white, green-grey, white
Crystal habitirregular or fan-like aggregates, crystals are prismatic or thin flakes
Tenacitysectile
Mohs scale hardness1-2
Lusterearthy or vitreous
Streakyellow-white
Specific gravity3.358
Solubilitysoluble in HCl
References[2][3]

Occurrence

Parascorodite occurs at the Kank mine in the Kutna Hora ore district in Central Bohemia, Czech Republic . It is one of the rarest secondary minerals. Parascorodite is found in medieval ore dumps, that were most likely used for silver and polymetallic ore waste. The dumps contain arsenic rich ore, which in medieval times was considered waste.[2]

Paragenesis

The medieval ore dumps are heavily weathered, but it is assumed that parascorodite, along with other secondary iron arsenates and arsenosulfates, actually formed much before the dumping of waste material on this area by natural weathering processes. Parascorodite formed as a product of arsenopyrite dissolution, followed by recrystallization of iron-arsenic bearing solutions, in near surface weathering conditions. Parascorodite is dimorphous with scorodite, and is also associated with pitticite, gypsum, jarosite, and amorphous ferric hydroxides.[2]

Physical properties

Parascorodite occurs in aggregates of somewhat hemispherical shapes. The aggregates grow to be about 2 cm across, consisting of extremely small crystals that can be arranged in fan-like or irregular masses. Parascorodite is cryptocrystalline, and has a luster that can vary from earthy to vitreous. It is a soft mineral, falling between 1-2 on the Mohs hardness scale. Aggregates can be white to yellowish, or more rarely green-grey in color, and have a yellow-white streak. The measured density of earthy aggregates in ethyl alcohol is 3.212 g/cm3. The rare green-grey variety of parascorodite aggregates may exhibit conchoidal fracture.[2]

Individual crystal size varies between 0.1 μm and 0.5 μm, with some twinned crystals measuring 1.0 μm. Crystals occur as either prisms or thin flakes with a hexagonal outline.[2]

Parascorodite dissolves slowly in 10% hydrochloric acid (HCl). In water, it will disintegrate rapidly into a powder. Under hydrothermal conditions parascorodite can re-crystallize back to scorodite.[2]

Chemical composition

The chemical composition of parascorodite was determined using qualitative spectral analysis. Two major elements were indicated: iron and arsenic. Quantitative analysis was also determined using two wet chemical analyses (results in the table below).[2]

Oxide wt%
As2O5 44.45
P2O5 0.84
SO3 1.53
Fe2O3 34.55
Al2O3 0.17
H2O+ 16.81
H2O− 0.13
Total 99.95

Crystallography

X-ray diffraction

The crystal structure of parascorodite was determined using X-ray powder diffraction. Using the X-ray diffraction data (in the table below),[3] the parascorodite unit cell was determined as hexagonal or trigonal. The unit cell parameters are = 8.9327(5)Å, = 9.9391(8)Å, with a cell volume of = 686.83(8)Å3.[2]

d-spacing intensity
4.973 Å 61
4.184 Å 44
4.076 Å 100
3.053 Å 67
2.806 Å 68
2.661 Å 59
2.520 Å 54

References
  1. Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
  2. Petr Ondrus; Roman Skala; Cecilia Viti; Frantisek Veselovsky; Frantisek Novak; Jiri Jansa (1999). "Parascorodite, FeAsO4.2H2O; a new mineral from Kank near Kutna Hora, Czech Republic". American Mineralogist. 84 (9): 1439–1444. Bibcode:1999AmMin..84.1439O. doi:10.2138/am-1999-0923. S2CID 96652206.
  3. Perchiazzi, N., Ondruš, P., Skála, R. (2004): Ab-initio X-ray powder structure determination of parascorodite, Fe(H2O)2AsO4. European Journal of Mineralogy 16, 1003-1007.
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