Parauaea

Parauaea (Greek: Παραυαία) was an ancient Greek territory in the region of Epirus.[1] The inhabitants of the area were known as Parauaioi (Greek: Παραυαῖοι; also known as Parauaei or Parauaeans), a Thesprotian Greek tribe whose name meant "those dwelling beside" the Aous river.[2]

Map showing the ancient regions of central, western and northern Greece.

History

Due to the fact that Greek toponyms that preserve archaic features are very densely found in the wider area (Epirus, western and northern Thessaly and Pieria), it appears that speakers of the Proto-Greek language inhabited a region which included Parauaea before the Late Bronze Age migrations (late 3rd-early 2nd millennium BC).[3]

At the beginning of the Peloponnesian War (429 BC), the Parauaei under the leadership of king Oroidos (Greek: Ὄροιδος) joined forced together with the nearby Orestae as allies of Sparta against Acarnania.[4] That time they were more loosely associated with the adjacent tribes of the Molossians and the Atintanes.[4]

In 350 BC, Parauaea was incorporated into the Greek kingdom of Macedon by Phillip II as part of Upper Macedonia.[5][6] Later in 294 BC, the area was under the control of Pyrrhus of Epirus.[1] In the 3rd century BC, they are described as a "Thesprotian nation/tribe" by Rhianus and by Stephanus of Byzantium (6th century AD) quoting Rhianus.[7][8]

Location

Parauaea was among the northern Epirote tribal regions in antiquity.[9]

References

Citations

Franke 1989, p. 461: "In 294, as the price of his help, Pyrrhus was given the region of Ambracia in southern Epirus, Acarnania, Amphilochia and the regions of Tymphaea and Parauaea in the border country between Epirus and Macedonia."
Hammond 1967, p. 703: "The Parauaei and the Celaethi held their Thesprotian name from a period which goes back to a time before [...]"
Georgiev 1973, p. 247: "The region north of this line, which comprises Epirus as far as Aulon, in the north (including Paravaia, Tymphaea, Athamania, Dolopia, Amphilochia and Acarnania), western and northern Thessaly (Hestiaeotis, Perrhaebia, Tripolis) and Pieria, i.e. approximately the whole of northern and north-western Greece, is characterized by the following features. 1. Absence of pre-Hellenic place-names. [...] All the principal names north of the line are of archaic Greek origin. [...] Thus in the region defined just above, roughly northern and northwestern Greece. [...] Since Greek place-names are very dense in that region and they have a very archaic appearance, one may suppose that the proto-Greeks were settled in it during many centuries and even millennia."
Hatzopoulos 2020, pp. 43–44, 227: Oroidos king of the Paraeauoi....Taking into consideration that in the passage from Thucydides the Parauaioi are directly coupled with the Orestai and connected more loosely with the Molossoi and the Atintanes...
Plutarch (ed. Bernadotte Perrin). Pyrrhus, 6: "[...] demanded as a reward for his alliance Stymphaea and Parauaea in Macedonia [...]"
Zahrnt, Michael. "Ιστορία της Μακεδονίας κατά την προελληνιστική εποχή" (PDF). Macedonia: 18. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
Rhianus. Fragmenta, "Παραυαῖοι ἔθνος Θεσπρωτικόν".
Smith 1854, PARAVAEI.
Dieterle 2007, pp. 8–9: "Epirus gliedert sich in drei Regionen: Nord-, Zentral- und Südepirus. Die Stammesgebiete von Nordepirus (Chaonia, Atintania und Parauaia) liegen in heutigen Albanien, während sich Zentral- und Südepirus in die Stammesgebiete Molossis (um den See von Ioannina), Thesprotia (an der Küste südlich des Thyamis und um den Acheron) und Kassopeia (südwestlicher Teil von Epirus) austeilen lassen."

Sources

Dieterle, Martina (2007). Dodona: religionsgeschichtliche und historische Untersuchungen zur Entstehung und Entwicklung des Zeus-Heiligtums (in German). Zurich and New York: Georg Olms Verlag Hildesheim. ISBN 978-3-487-13510-6.
Franke, P. R. (1989). "CHAPTER 10 PYRRHUS". In Astin, A. E.; Walbank, F. W.; Frederiksen, M. W.; Ogilvie, R. M.; Drummond, A. (eds.). The Cambridge Ancient History: The Rise of Rome to 220 BC. Vol. VII, Part 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 456–485. ISBN 0-521-23446-8.
Georgiev, Vladimir I. (1973). "The Arrival of the Greeks in Greece: The Linguistic Evidence". In Crossland, R. A.; Birchall, Ann (eds.). Bronze Age Migrations in the Aegean; Archaeological and Linguistic Problems in Greek Prehistory: Proceedings of the First International Colloquium on Aegean Prehistory, Sheffield. London: Gerald Duckworth & Company Limited. pp. 243–253. ISBN 978-0-7156-0580-6.
Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1967). Epirus: The Geography, the Ancient Remains, the History and the Topography of Epirus and Adjacent Areas. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.
Hatzopoulos, M. B. (2020). Ancient Macedonia. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 978-3-11-071868-3.
Smith, William (1854). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: Walton and Maberly.
Smith, William (1873). A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. London: John Murray.

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[Franke-1] Franke 1989, p. 461: "In 294, as the price of his help, Pyrrhus was given the region of Ambracia in southern Epirus, Acarnania, Amphilochia and the regions of Tymphaea and Parauaea in the border country between Epirus and Macedonia."

[2] Hammond 1967, p. 703: "The Parauaei and the Celaethi held their Thesprotian name from a period which goes back to a time before [...]"

[3] Georgiev 1973, p. 247: "The region north of this line, which comprises Epirus as far as Aulon, in the north (including Paravaia, Tymphaea, Athamania, Dolopia, Amphilochia and Acarnania), western and northern Thessaly (Hestiaeotis, Perrhaebia, Tripolis) and Pieria, i.e. approximately the whole of northern and north-western Greece, is characterized by the following features. 1. Absence of pre-Hellenic place-names. [...] All the principal names north of the line are of archaic Greek origin. [...] Thus in the region defined just above, roughly northern and northwestern Greece. [...] Since Greek place-names are very dense in that region and they have a very archaic appearance, one may suppose that the proto-Greeks were settled in it during many centuries and even millennia."

[Hazopoulos44-4] Hatzopoulos 2020, pp. 43–44, 227: Oroidos king of the Paraeauoi....Taking into consideration that in the passage from Thucydides the Parauaioi are directly coupled with the Orestai and connected more loosely with the Molossoi and the Atintanes...

[5] Plutarch (ed. Bernadotte Perrin). Pyrrhus, 6: "[...] demanded as a reward for his alliance Stymphaea and Parauaea in Macedonia [...]"

[6] Zahrnt, Michael. "Ιστορία της Μακεδονίας κατά την προελληνιστική εποχή" (PDF). Macedonia: 18. Retrieved 27 May 2023.

[7] Rhianus. Fragmenta, "Παραυαῖοι ἔθνος Θεσπρωτικόν".

[8] Smith 1854, PARAVAEI.

[9] Dieterle 2007, pp. 8–9: "Epirus gliedert sich in drei Regionen: Nord-, Zentral- und Südepirus. Die Stammesgebiete von Nordepirus (Chaonia, Atintania und Parauaia) liegen in heutigen Albanien, während sich Zentral- und Südepirus in die Stammesgebiete Molossis (um den See von Ioannina), Thesprotia (an der Küste südlich des Thyamis und um den Acheron) und Kassopeia (südwestlicher Teil von Epirus) austeilen lassen."