Atuna excelsa subsp. racemosa

Atuna excelsa subsp. racemosa, synonym Atuna racemosa, is a tree in the family Chrysobalanaceae.[1] The epithet racemosa is from the Latin meaning "clustered", referring to the inflorescence.[2] The tree is widely known as tabon-tabon in the Philippines, where the fruits have been traditionally used for the preparation of kinilaw (a local dish of raw fish in vinegar or citrus juices) for almost a thousand years.[3]

Atuna excelsa subsp. racemosa
Flowers of Atuna racemosa from Tonga, where it is known as the pipi tree
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Chrysobalanaceae
Genus: Atuna
Species:
A. excelsa
Subspecies:
A. e. subsp. racemosa
Trinomial name
Atuna excelsa subsp. racemosa
(Raf.) Prance
Synonyms[1]
List
  • Atuna elata (King) Kosterm.
  • Atuna racemosa Raf.
  • Atuna scabra (Hassk.) Kosterm.
  • Chrysobalanus racemosus Roxb.
  • Cyclandrophora elata (King) Kosterm.
  • Cyclandrophora glaberrima Hassk.
  • Cyclandrophora laurina (A.Gray) Kosterm.
  • Cyclandrophora scabra (Hassk.) Kosterm.
  • Ferolia glaberrima (Hassk.) Kuntze
  • Ferolia scabra (Hassk.) Kuntze
  • Parinari curranii Merr.
  • Parinari elata King
  • Parinari glaberrima (Hassk.) Hassk.
  • Parinari hahlii Warb.
  • Parinari lanceolata Teijsm. & Binn., nom. nud.
  • Parinari laurina A.Gray
  • Parinari macrophylla Teijsm. & Binn., nom. nud.
  • Parinari margarata A.Gray
  • Parinari mindanaensis Perkins
  • Parinari racemosa Merr., nom. illeg.
  • Parinari scabra Hassk.
  • Parinari scabra var. lanceolata Koord. & Valeton
  • Parinari scabra var. macrophylla Koord. & Valeton
  • Parinari warburgii Perkins ex Merr.
  • Petrocarya glaberrima (Hassk.) Miers
  • Petrocarya scabra (Hassk.) Miers

Description

Atuna excelsa subsp. racemosa grows up to 35 metres (110 ft) tall. The smooth bark is grey to black. The flowers are blue or white. The fruits are ellipsoid, roundish or pear-shaped and measure up to 7.5 cm (3 in) long.[2]

Distribution and habitat

Atuna excelsa subsp. racemosa is found widely in Thailand, Malesia and the South Pacific islands of Oceania. Its habitat is mixed dipterocarp forests, also in swamps and along rivers, from sea level to 750 metres (2,500 ft) altitude.[2]

Uses

The fruit is made into a putty for sealing canoes in the Pacific islands. Oil from the seeds is used as a scent. Leaves are used as thatch in Fiji.[2]

In the Philippines, where the tree is known as tabon-tabon, juice from the grated flesh of the fruits is used to neutralize the fishy taste and the acidity of the raw seafood dish kinilaw. The remains of halved tabon-tabon fruits alongside cut fish bones have been recovered from the Balangay archeological excavation site in Butuan (dated c. 10th to 13th century AD) indicating that this cooking practice is almost a thousand years old.[3][4][5]

References
  1. "Atuna excelsa subsp. racemosa (Raf.) Prance", Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2023-02-23
  2. Prance, Ghillean T. (1995). "Atuna racemosa Raf.". In Soepadmo, E.; Wong, K. M. (eds.). Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak. (free online from the publisher, lesser resolution scan PDF versions). Vol. 1. Forest Research Institute Malaysia. pp. 160–161. ISBN 983-9592-34-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  3. "Tabon Tabon Fruit". Market Manila. 8 January 2008. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
  4. Alan Davidson (2014). The Oxford Companion to Food. OUP Oxford. pp. 445–446. ISBN 9780191040726.
  5. Ninah Villa (27 June 2015). "Kinilaw History, Origin and Evolution – Into the Heart of Freshness". Pinoy Wit. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
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