Parkland high school shooting

On February 14, 2018, 19-year-old Nikolas Cruz opened fire on students and staff at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in the Miami suburban town of Parkland, Florida, United States, killing 17 people[note 2] and injuring 17 others.[2][3][4] Cruz, a former student at the school, fled the scene on foot by blending in with other students and was arrested without incident approximately one hour and twenty minutes later in nearby Coral Springs.[5] Police and prosecutors investigated "a pattern of disciplinary issues and unnerving behavior".[6]

Parkland high school shooting
Part of mass shootings in the United States and school shootings in the United States
Cruz on the second floor
Parkland is located in Florida
Parkland
Parkland
Parkland (Florida)
Parkland is located in the United States
Parkland
Parkland
Parkland (the United States)
LocationParkland, Florida, U.S.
Coordinates
DateFebruary 14, 2018 (February 14, 2018)
2:21 – 2:27 p.m. (EST)
TargetStudents and staff at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School
Attack type
School shooting, mass murder, mass shooting
WeaponsSmith & Wesson M&P15 Sport II semi-automatic rifle
Deaths17
Injured17
PerpetratorNikolas Jacob Cruz
Verdict
Convictions17 counts of premeditated first-degree murder, 17 counts of attempted first-degree murder
Sentence34 consecutive life sentences without the possibility of parole
LitigationTwo lawsuits by families of victims settled
  • Lawsuit against school district settled for $25 million
  • Lawsuit against federal government settled for $125 to $130 million

The incident is the deadliest mass shooting at a high school in United States history. The shooting came at a period of heightened public support for gun control that followed mass shootings in Paradise, Nevada, and in Sutherland Springs, Texas, in October and November 2017.

Students at Parkland founded Never Again MSD, an advocacy group that lobbies for gun control. On March 9, Governor Rick Scott signed a bill that implemented new restrictions to Florida's gun laws and also allowed for the arming of teachers who were properly trained and the hiring of more school resource officers.[7][8]

The Broward County Sheriff's Office received widespread criticism for its handling of the police response, both for not following up on multiple warnings about Cruz despite a lengthy record of threatening behavior and for staying outside the school instead of immediately confronting him.[9] This led to the resignations of several police officers who responded to the scene, and the removal of Sheriff Scott Israel.[9] A commission appointed by then-Governor Scott to investigate the shooting condemned the police inaction and urged school districts across the state to adopt greater measures of security.[9][10]

On October 20, 2021, Cruz pleaded guilty to all charges and apologized for his crimes. The prosecution sought the death penalty, and a four-month death penalty trial was expected to commence in January 2022.[11] After suffering numerous delays, in part due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the trial commenced on July 18, 2022.[12][13] On October 13, 2022, a jury unanimously agreed that Cruz was eligible for the death penalty, but deadlocked on whether it should be imposed, resulting in a recommendation to sentence him to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole.[14] On November 2, 2022, Cruz was sentenced to life without parole, in accordance with a Florida law requiring the court not to depart from the jury's recommendation.[15][16] The unanimity required to impose the death penalty has since been overturned by a bill signed by Governor Ron DeSantis, partly as a result of Cruz's sentencing.

Shooting
BCSO deputy Scot Peterson outside Building 12 during the shooting

The shooting took place during the afternoon of February 14, 2018, at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, an affluent suburb about 30 miles (48 km) northwest of Fort Lauderdale and 45 miles (72 km) northwest of Miami.[17][18] The shooter, Nikolas Cruz, was dropped off at the school by an Uber driver[19] at 2:19 p.m.,[20] 20 minutes before dismissal time.[21][22] According to a police report, Cruz was carrying a rifle case[23] and a backpack.[24] He was spotted and recognized by a campus monitor who radioed a colleague that he was walking "purposefully" toward Building 12.[25][26] The campus monitor did not declare a Code Red lockdown and sent a radio message to a colleague inside Building 12, which Cruz had entered. The school's policies did not specify clearly who could order a lockdown, and staff had been trained not to order a lockdown unless they saw a gun or heard shots being fired. The campus monitor who received the radio warning hid inside a janitor's closet after hearing shots being fired, and survived the attack.[21][27][28]

Cruz entered Building 12,[note 3] a three-story structure containing 30 classrooms typically occupied by about 900 students and 30 teachers.[29] Armed with an AR-15-style semi-automatic rifle[note 4] and multiple magazines,[32] Cruz entered a hallway and began firing indiscriminately at students and teachers.[30][33][34] A fire alarm went off, causing confusion because there had been a fire drill earlier in the day.[35] Cruz first killed three students in the hallway, then fired through the windows of four closed classroom doors, killing six more students and wounding thirteen others.[21][29] Students were unable to seek shelter at "hard corners"—areas of a classroom that people could safely hide at if a gunman peered through the window of a door—because many of the classrooms in Building 12 lacked one, and furniture otherwise obstructed potential safe spaces.[21] Out of the seventeen killed, fourteen were students while three were faculty members. Two of those killed were students in Ivy Schamis' Holocaust History class; Schamis was teaching a class lesson on combating hate when Cruz fired shots into her classroom.[36][37][38][39] Around five students from Schamis' class were injured.[37][38] According to Schamis, Cruz was unaware he was shooting into a class on the Holocaust, even though he had scrawled swastikas onto the ammunition magazines that he left at the school.[37][38]

As the shooting unfolded, a "Code Red" was still not called due to confusion among school employees over who had the authority to do so.[21] At about 2:21 p.m., a staff member eventually activated a lockdown, but only after discovering the body of a victim and hearing gunfire.[25][21][40] An armed school resource officer of the Broward County Sheriff's Office was on campus when the shooting broke out, and he remained outside between Building 12 and the adjacent Building 7.[41]

Cruz during his arrest in Coral Springs

After killing two staff members near a stairwell, Cruz went to the second floor, where he fired into two more classrooms but did not hit anyone. On the third floor, he shot and killed five students and another staff member, who all had been stranded in the hallway; four other students were injured. Next, he went into a teachers' lounge where he attempted to shoot out the hurricane-resistant windows facing the yard in order to target students and staff fleeing below, but failed.[21][29]

After he stopped shooting (possibly due to a weapon malfunction), Cruz dropped his rifle on the third floor of the building and left the scene by blending in with fleeing students. He then walked to a fast-food restaurant, stopping at a mall to get a soda on the way, and lingered before leaving on foot at 3:01 p.m.[20] At about 3:40 p.m., police stopped Cruz 2 miles (3.2 km) from the school in the Wyndham Lakes neighborhood of Coral Springs and arrested him as the suspected shooter.[42][41][1][43] He was then taken to a hospital emergency room with "labored breathing."[note 5] After 40 minutes, Cruz was released back into police custody and booked into the Broward County Jail.[20][44]

The shooting lasted for about six minutes in total,[21][45] and all of the victims were shot within just under four minutes.[46] School surveillance camera video showed Cruz as the shooter,[47][48] and he was also recognized by eyewitnesses.[25] While SWAT paramedics were inside the building, additional paramedics from the local Fire-Rescue department repeatedly requested to enter the building. These requests were denied by the Broward Sheriff's Office, even after the suspect was arrested.[49][50][51]

Victims
A banner created by a church to offer support for the survivors. Such banners offering love and support were requested by school officials[52] and were hung all over the campus.

Seventeen people were killed, and seventeen more were wounded but survived.[53][54] Three remained in critical condition the day after the shooting,[55] and one remained by the second day.[56]

Fatalities

Twelve victims died inside the building, three died just outside the building on school premises, and two died in the hospital.

The fourteen students and three staff members killed were:[57]

  • Alyssa Alhadeff, 14
  • Scott Beigel, 35
  • Martin Duque, 14
  • Nicholas Dworet, 17
  • Aaron Feis, 37
  • Jaime Guttenberg, 14
  • Chris Hixon, 49
  • Luke Hoyer, 15
  • Cara Loughran, 14
  • Gina Montalto, 14
  • Joaquin Oliver, 17
  • Alaina Petty, 14
  • Meadow Pollack, 18
  • Helena Ramsay, 17
  • Alex Schachter, 14
  • Carmen Schentrup, 16
  • Peter Wang, 15

Geography teacher Scott Beigel was killed after he unlocked a classroom for students to enter and hide from Cruz.[58][59] Aaron Feis, an assistant football coach and security guard, was killed as he shielded two students.[60] Chris Hixon, the school's athletic director, was killed as he ran toward the sound of the gunfire and tried to help fleeing students.[61]

Student Peter Wang was last seen in his Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps (JROTC) uniform, holding doors open so others could get out more quickly; Wang was unable to flee with the students when Cruz appeared and fatally shot him. Commentators commended his actions and described him as a hero. A White House petition was circulated, calling for him to be buried with full military honors.[62][63] At their respective funerals, Wang, Alaina Petty, and Martin Duque were all posthumously honored by the U.S. Army with the ROTC Medal for Heroism, and Wang was buried in his JROTC Blues uniform. On February 20, he was given a rare posthumous admission to the United States Military Academy.[64]

Alyssa Alhadeff was the captain of the Parkland Soccer Club. On March 7, 2018—nearly three weeks after the shooting—she was honored by the United States women's national soccer team prior to a game in Orlando. Her teammates and family were invited to the game and presented with official jerseys that featured her name.[65]

Meadow Pollack was a senior who was shot four times. As Cruz fired into other classrooms, Pollack crawled to a classroom door but was unable to get inside. Cara Loughran, a freshman, was alongside Pollack, and Pollack covered Loughran in an attempt to shield her from the bullets. The shooter returned to the classroom and located Pollack and Loughran, discharging his weapon five more times and killing both girls.[66]

Injuries and survivors
Sheriff Israel visits victim Anthony Borges[67]

The last victim to remain hospitalized, 15-year-old Anthony Borges, was discharged on April 4.[68][69] Dubbed "the real Iron Man", Borges was shot five times after he used his body to barricade the door of a classroom where twenty students were inside.[68][70][71] Upon his release, Borges issued a statement that criticized the actions of Broward Sheriff's deputies, Sheriff Scott Israel, and School Superintendent Robert Runcie. His family has filed notice of its intent to sue the school district for personal injury to cover costs related to his recovery.[72][73][74] Borges was honored with a humanitarian award at the 2018 BET Awards.[75]

Survivors of the shooting, teachers and students alike, have struggled with survivor's guilt and other symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).[69][76][77] On March 17, 2019, thirteen months after the shooting, 19-year-old Sydney Aiello, who survived and whose friend Meadow Pollack had been killed during the shooting, died by suicide after struggling to attend college. She was terrified of being in a classroom and also had been treated for survivor's guilt and PTSD.[78][79] Less than a week later, a 16-year-old boy who had survived the shooting died by suicide.[80]

Teacher Ivy Schamis was presented with USC Shoah Foundation's inaugural Stronger Than Hate Educator Award in 2019. During her acceptance speech at the award ceremony, Schamis honored victims Nicholas Dworet and Helena Ramsay, who died in her class during the shooting.[39]

Perpetrator
Main article: Nikolas Cruz
Mugshot of Nikolas Cruz

Nikolas Jacob Cruz was born on September 24, 1998, to a Jewish mother[81] in Margate, Florida,[82][83][84] and was adopted at birth by Lynda and Roger Cruz.[85] Both his adoptive parents died; Roger at age 67 on August 11, 2004; Lynda at age 68 on November 1, 2017, leaving Cruz orphaned three months before the shooting.[86][87] Since his mother's death, he had been living with relatives and friends.[88] At the time of the shooting, he was enrolled in a GED program and employed at a local Dollar Tree.[89][90]

Cruz had behavioral issues since preschool,[91] and according to The Washington Post he was "entrenched in the process for getting students help rather than referring them to law enforcement".[92] He was transferred between schools six times in three years in an effort to deal with these problems.[93] Cruz returned to Stoneman Douglas High School two years later but was expelled in 2017 for disciplinary reasons. As he could not be expelled from the Broward County School system completely, he was transferred to alternative placement.[83] A former classmate said Cruz had anger management issues and often joked about guns and gun violence, which included threats of shooting up establishments.[17]

The Florida Department of Children and Families investigated him in September 2016 for Snapchat posts in which he cut both his arms and said he planned to buy a gun. At this time, a school resource officer suggested[94] he undergo an involuntary psychiatric examination under the provisions of the Baker Act. Two guidance counselors agreed, but a mental institution did not.[95] State investigators reported he had depression, autism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However Psychologist Frederick M. Kravitz later testified that Cruz was never diagnosed with autism.[96] In their assessment, they concluded he was "at low risk of harming himself or others".[97] He had previously received mental health treatment, but had not received treatment in the year leading up to the shooting.[98]

Broward County Sheriff Scott Israel described Cruz's online profiles and accounts as "very, very disturbing".[98] They contained pictures and posts of him with a variety of weapons, including long knives, a shotgun, a pistol, and a BB gun. Police said that he held "extremist" views; social media accounts that were thought to be linked to him contained anti-black and anti-Muslim slurs.[98] Items recovered by police at the scene included gun magazines with swastikas carved in them.[99]

In February 2017, Cruz legally purchased an AR-15-style semi-automatic rifle from a Coral Springs gun store, after having passed the required background check. Prior to the purchase he had similarly obtained several other firearms, including at least one shotgun and several other rifles.[100] At the time of the shooting, in Florida, it was legal for people as young as 18 to purchase guns from federally licensed dealers, including the rifle allegedly used in the shooting. The minimum age requirement has since been raised to 21.[101][30][102]

Earlier warnings to law enforcement

Sheriff Scott Israel said that his office received 23 calls about Cruz during the previous decade, but this figure is in dispute. CNN used a public records request to obtain a sheriff's office log, which showed that from 2008 to 2017, at least 45 calls were made in reference to Cruz, his brother, or the family home.[103][104] On February 5, 2016, the calls included an anonymous tip that Cruz had threatened to shoot up the school, and a tip on November 30, 2017, that he might be a "school shooter in the making" and that he collected knives and guns. On September 23, 2016, a peer counselor notified the school resource officer of his suicide attempt and intent to buy a gun, and the school indicated it would do a "threat assessment".[105][106][107]

On September 24, 2017, a person with the username "nikolas cruz" posted a comment to a YouTube video that read, "Im [sic] going to be a professional school shooter." The person who uploaded the video to YouTube reported the comment to the FBI. According to agent Robert Lasky, the agency conducted database reviews but was unable to track down the individual who made the threatening comment.[108][109]

On January 5, 2018, less than two months before the shooting, the FBI received a tip on its Public Access Line from a person who was close to Cruz. On February 16, two days after the shooting, the agency released a statement that detailed this information. According to the statement, "The caller provided information about Cruz's gun ownership, desire to kill people, erratic behavior, and disturbing social media posts, as well as the potential of him conducting a school shooting." After conducting an investigation, the FBI said the tip line did not follow protocol when the information was not forwarded to the Miami Field Office, where investigative steps would have been taken.[110][111] The FBI opened a probe into the tip line's operations.[112]

The lack of response by Israel and other members of the Broward County Sheriff's Office to the numerous red flags and warnings about Cruz has been the subject of scrutiny.[113] In the days following the shooting, calls for Israel’s resignation intensified as more information that alluded to the department's inaction was revealed.[114] Israel refused to resign in the immediate aftermath of the shooting, saying during an interview with CNN, "I've given amazing leadership to this agency" while denying responsibility for the actions of his deputies.[115][116][117][118] This culminated in Governor Ron DeSantis removing Israel from his role as Sheriff and replacing him with Gregory Tony.[9]

Criminal case
Further information: Nikolas Cruz § Legal proceedings

On October 20, 2021, Cruz pleaded guilty to all charges and apologized for his crimes. The prosecution sought the death penalty, and a four-month death penalty trial was expected to commence in January 2022.[119] After suffering numerous delays, in part due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the trial commenced on July 18, 2022.[12][120] On October 13, 2022, a jury unanimously agreed that Cruz was eligible for the death penalty, but deadlocked on whether it should be imposed, resulting in a recommendation to sentence him to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole.[121] On November 2, 2022, Cruz was sentenced to life without parole, in accordance with a Florida law requiring the court not to depart from the jury's recommendation.[122][16] The unanimity required to impose the death penalty has since been overturned by a bill signed by Governor DeSantis, partly as a result of Cruz's sentencing.[123]

Civil lawsuits

On May 23, 2018, the parents of victims Jaime Guttenberg and Alex Schachter sued firearm manufacturer American Outdoor Brands Corporation, formerly known as Smith & Wesson, the manufacturer of the rifle used by Cruz, and distributor Sunrise Tactical Supply, the retailer who sold Cruz the rifle, claiming damages due to "the defendant's complicity in the entirely foreseeable, deadly use of the assault-style weapons that they place on the market".[124]

Fifteen survivors sued the county, sheriff and school officials for failing to protect them, contending that the government's inadequate response to the shooting violated their Fourteenth Amendment right to due process. This lawsuit was dismissed in December 2018, with the judge citing prior case law in ruling that the government did not have a duty to protect the defendants from the actions of the shooter.[125]

In 2021, the families of the victims of the shooting were awarded a $25 million settlement from Broward County School District, after a civil lawsuit was filed by the families of the 52 victims alleging the school district's negligence was to blame. The money will be paid in three installments and settles 52 of the 53 lawsuits filed against the school district for negligence, although the specified amounts for each family were not released.[126][127] Later in the year, it was announced that the families of the victims had reached a $125 to $130 million settlement with the federal government, due to the FBI's inactivity about tips on Cruz's stated desire to commit a school attack and the weapons cache that he had. The tip had been through the FBI tip line a month prior to the shooting and detailed Cruz's gun ownership, desire to kill others, erratic behavior, and social media posts, and was not followed up on by investigators.[128]

Aftermath

On May 30, 2018, prosecutors released three videos that they claimed Cruz had recorded on his cellphone before the shooting. In the videos, Cruz appears to describe his personal feelings, his enthusiasm and plan for the shooting, his hatred of people, and how it would make him notorious.[129]

School response

The school district provided grief counseling to students and their families. Florida Attorney General Pam Bondi said that funeral and counseling fees would be paid for by the state.[130]

On February 15, police presence was increased at schools in at least two counties in Florida in response to the shooting.[131][132]

On February 16, Broward Schools Superintendent Robert Runcie announced that the building where the shooting took place would be demolished.[133] On October 9, 2020, a replacement building was opened. The building where the shooting took place was ordered not to be demolished until the trial of Cruz ended, as it was declared a crime scene.[134] The building is currently scheduled to be demolished in summer 2024.[135]

On February 28, two weeks after the shooting, Stoneman Douglas reopened to students amid a heavy police presence.[136] School principal Ty Thompson emphasized that the first week back would be focused on healing, with classes ending at 11:40 a.m. through March 2. He tweeted "Remember our focus is on emotional readiness and comfort not curriculum: so there is no need for backpacks. Come ready to start the healing process and #RECLAIMTHENEST."[136][137] Extra counseling and emotional support dogs were provided to students upon their return.[136]

In early April, the school implemented several new safety rules and regulations. The changes included fewer entrances, law enforcement officers at each entrance, identification badges for students and staff, and the requirement that all book bags must be clear plastic. The use of metal detectors was under consideration. Several students criticized the new safety measures as ineffective and intrusive.[138]

On November 30, 2018, the Sun Sentinel reported that Broward County Public Schools, which runs Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School, had spent about $185,000 attempting to obscure its role in not preventing the massacre. The district also spent an undisclosed sum on legal opposition to the releasing of records related to the school's treatment of Nikolas Cruz while he was a student, and the school security procedures. A company named CEN received a $60,000 payment to review Cruz's school records and to investigate if the Broward County Public Schools followed the law in its handling of Cruz as a troubled student. The final report omitted various details about the instability of Cruz.[139]

Graduation ceremony

The school held its graduation ceremony on June 3, 2018, and diplomas were presented to the families of Nicholas Dworet, Joaquin Oliver, Meadow Pollack, and Carmen Schentrup, four seniors who were killed in the attack.[140] Stoneman Douglas principal Ty Thompson began by dedicating the ceremony to "those not with us".[141] Many graduates wore sashes that were emblazoned with #MSDStrong, or decorated their caps with references to the Never Again movement, while some dedicated their caps to their late classmates. Families of the victims also made statements; the mother of Joaquin Oliver accepted his diploma wearing a shirt saying "This should be my son".[142] Talk show host Jimmy Fallon made a surprise appearance and gave a commencement speech to the graduating class, thanking them for their courage and bravery.[143]

First anniversary

On the first anniversary of the incident, the school opted to establish a voluntary attendance day, organizing a day of community service with early dismissal so that the school was closed at the time of the attack. A police line was created to shelter those students who chose to attend. The large, planned project for the day was to replace the memorial with a permanent memorial garden.[144] A planned moment of silence at 10:17 am ET was held, with support provided from grief counselors and therapy dogs. An interfaith memorial service was planned in a separate location.[145]

Officer inactivity
See also: Trial of Scot Peterson

SRO Scot Peterson, who was armed, on-site and in uniform[146] as a Broward Sheriff's Office deputy, was accused of remaining outside Building 12 during the shooting. Eight days after the attack, he was suspended without pay by Sheriff Israel, and he immediately retired. Sheriff Israel said "Scot Peterson was absolutely on campus for this entire event", and that he should have "gone in, addressed the killer, [and] killed the killer".[104][147][148]

In June 2019, following an investigation that included interviews with 184 witnesses, Peterson was arrested and then bonded out for the crime of failing to protect the students during the shooting.[149][150] He faced 11 charges of neglect of a child, as well as culpable negligence and perjury.[149] Peterson pleaded not guilty and filed a motion to have all charges dropped.[151][152] However, the motion was denied and jury selection started on May 31, 2023.[153][154][155] On June 29, 2023, Peterson was found not guilty on all charges.[156]

A statement released by Peterson's lawyer before he was charged said that Peterson believed the shooting was happening outside the building. According to the lawyer, Peterson claimed he told this to the first Coral Springs police officer who arrived on scene. The statement also pointed to radio transmissions that indicated a gunshot victim near the football field.[157]

The Miami Herald transcribed radio dispatches that Peterson said at 2:23 during the shooting, "Be advised we have possible, could be firecrackers. I think we have shots fired, possible shots fired—1200 building." Seconds later, Peterson radioed: "We're talking about the 1200 building it's going to be the building off Holmberg Road Get the school locked down, gentlemen!" At 2:25, he radioed that "We also heard it's by, inside the 1200." At an unspecified time, Peterson called for police to ensure that "no one comes inside the school." At 2:27, at Building 12, he radioed, "Stay at least 500 feet away at this point." At an unspecified time, Peterson ordered: "Do not approach the 12 or 1300 building, stay at least 500 feet away."[158]

On March 15, the sheriff's office released video footage in compliance with a court order. The video was captured by school surveillance cameras and showed some of Peterson's movements during the shooting.[159]

Unnamed sources told CNN that Coral Springs police arrived at the scene and saw three Broward deputies behind their vehicles with pistols drawn.[148] Broward Sheriff's Office captain Jan Jordan ordered deputies to form a perimeter instead of immediately confronting the shooter; this tactic was contrary to their training regarding active shooters. Based on time stamps of the police logs, the order was given some time after the shooting had stopped.[160] Jordan was widely criticized for her actions, and she resigned, citing personal reasons, nine months after the shooting.[161]

Sheriff Israel said that Coral Springs officers were the first to enter the building, about four minutes after Cruz had surreptitiously left the school.[160] Due to a tape delay in viewing surveillance footage, officers believed that Cruz was still in the building.[162] As of early March 2018, there were three investigations into the timeline of police response.[163][148]

President Trump criticized the officers who failed to enter the building during the shooting. On February 26, 2018, he said that he would have entered "even if I didn't have a weapon, and I think most of the people in this room would have done that, too".[164]

Reactions

Political reaction
President Donald Trump and First Lady Melania visit victim Maddy Wilford at Broward Health North Medical Center, two days after the shooting.

President Trump offered his prayers and condolences to the victims' families, writing, "no child, teacher or anyone else should ever feel unsafe in an American school."[165][166][167] In a televised address, he mentioned school safety and mental health issues.[168] Florida Governor Rick Scott ordered that flags at state buildings be flown at half-staff.[169] Two days after the shooting, Trump and the first lady Melania visited Broward Health North, a hospital where eight of the shooting victims were admitted. They met with two victims and Trump praised doctors and law enforcement officials for their responses to the attack.[170]

On February 22, Trump met with students and others for a "listening session" at the White House. He suggested arming up to 20% of the teachers to stop "maniacs" from attacking students. The following day, he called a "gun free" school a "magnet" for criminals and tweeted, "Highly trained, gun adept, teachers/coaches would solve the problem instantly, before police arrive."[171][172]

BBC News characterized Republican politicians' reactions as focusing on mental health issues while dodging debate on gun control, with the reasoning that it was either "too political or too soon."[173] Republican House Speaker Paul Ryan said that this was the time to "step back and count our blessings" instead of "taking sides and fighting each other politically."[174] Republican Florida Senator Marco Rubio said that "most" proposals on stricter gun laws "would not have prevented" this shooting nor "any of those in recent history" and that lawmakers should take action with "focus on the violence part" alongside guns.[175] Republican Kentucky Governor Matt Bevin declared that the country should re-evaluate "the things being put in the hands of our young people,"[176] specifically "quote-unquote video games" that "have desensitized people to the value of human life."[177] Republican Senator Pat Roberts of Kansas said he supported age restrictions on the ownership of AR-15-style rifles, saying "Certainly nobody under 21 should have an AR-15."[178][179][180][181] Republican Senator from Oklahoma James Lankford said on NBC News' Meet the Press he was open to requiring more comprehensive background checks for firearm purchases, saying "The problem is not owning an AR-15, it's the person who owns it."[182][183][184] Republican governor of Ohio John Kasich called for restrictions on the sales of AR-15-style rifles, saying on CNN "if all of a sudden, you couldn't buy an AR-15, what would you lose? Would you feel as though your Second Amendment rights would be eroded because you couldn't buy a God-darn AR-15?"[182][185][186] Republican Representative Brian Mast from Florida, a former resident of Parkland and an Army veteran, wrote in an op-ed in The New York Times that he supported a ban on the sale of civilian versions of military rifles, writing:

Most nights in Afghanistan, I wielded an M4 carbine. My rifle was very similar to the AR-15-style semiautomatic weapon used to kill students, teachers and a coach I knew at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Fla., where I once lived...I cannot support the primary weapon I used to defend our people being used to kill children I swore to defend. The AR-15 is an excellent platform for recreational shooters to learn to be outstanding marksmen. Unfortunately, it is also an excellent platform for those who wish to kill the innocent.[187][188][189][179]

Democratic Senator from Florida Bill Nelson said "I have hunted all my life. But an AR-15 is not for hunting. It's for killing."[190][191]

Al Hoffman Jr., a Republican donor in Florida, pledged that he would no longer fund legislative groups or candidates who were not actively working to ban sales of military-style weapons to civilians. He said, "For how many years now have we been doing this—having these experiences of terrorism, mass killings—and how many years has it been that nothing's been done?"[192]

Sheriff Israel called on lawmakers to amend the Baker Act to allow police to detain and hospitalize people who make disturbing posts—not just clear threats—on social media. "I'm talking about being around bombs, possibly talking about 'I want to be a serial killer,' talking about taking people's lives," he said. "Just taking a picture with a gun or a knife or a weapon—that in and of itself is clearly not even remotely something that we're concerned about."[193]

Gun control debate
Main articles: 2018 United States gun violence protests and March for Our Lives
Students protest gun violence outside the White House in Washington, D.C., February 18, 2018

Many student survivors criticized the response from politicians and asked them not to offer condolences but to take action to prevent more students from being killed in school shootings. These students have demanded stricter gun control measures.[194][195] Survivor X González was noted for their speech that rebuked thoughts and prayers from politicians.[196][197] They later helped lead a protest movement against gun violence in the United States.[198] Broward County Schools Superintendent Robert Runcie said, "now is the time to have a real conversation about gun control legislation."[199][200] Lori Alhadeff, whose daughter was killed in the shooting, implored Trump to do something to improve school safety.[201]

In the aftermath of the shooting, some of the student survivors organized Never Again MSD. The group was created on social media with the hashtag #NeverAgain,[202][203] activism inspired in part by the ground broken by the #MeToo movement and the 2018 Women's March.[204] The group demanded legislative action to prevent similar shootings, and has condemned lawmakers who received political contributions from the National Rifle Association.[205][206] The group held a rally on February 17 in Fort Lauderdale that was attended by hundreds of supporters.[207][208]

Since the shooting, several more rallies have been planned to take place with the focus on legislative action. The Women's March Network organized a 17-minute school walkout that took place on March 14.[209][210] A series of demonstrations called "March for Our Lives" on March 24[211] included a march in Washington, D.C.[212][213][214] On April 20, the anniversary of the Columbine High School massacre, all-day walkouts were planned for teacher groups by educators Diane Ravitch and David Berliner,[215] as well as student groups.[216][217]

On February 20, dozens of Stoneman Douglas High School students went to the state Capitol in Tallahassee and watched as the Florida House of Representatives rejected a bill that would have banned some guns characterized as assault weapons. Students strongly criticized the vote. The bill's sponsor, Carlos Guillermo Smith, highlighted the legislature's failure to respond to the use of an assault weapon in the mass shooting at Stoneman Douglas High School, while passing a bill to declare that pornography is a public health risk.[218]

In mid-March, Lori Alhadeff announced her own nonprofit organization, Make Schools Safe, which will be mostly focusing on school campus security.[219]

In May 2018, Cameron Kasky's father registered a super PAC, Families vs Assault Rifles PAC (FAMSVARPAC), with intentions of going "up against NRA candidates in every meaningful race in the country."[220][221][222]

State law
Main article: Florida Senate Bill 7026

In March 2018, the Florida Legislature passed a bill titled the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School Public Safety Act. It raised the minimum age for buying rifles to 21, established waiting periods and background checks, provided a program for the arming of some school employees and hiring of school police, banned bump stocks, and barred some potentially violent or mentally unhealthy people arrested under certain laws from possessing guns. In all, it allocated around $400 million.[7] Rick Scott signed the bill into law on March 9.[8]

On the day the Parkland bill was signed into law, the NRA sued, challenging the ban on gun sales to people ages 18 to 21.[223] The U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Florida upheld the constitutionality of the law and dismissed the NRA's suit in June 2021.[224]

The NRA then filed its appeal to the Eleventh Circuit, where a three-judge panel initially upheld the law's constitutionality on March 9, 2023.[225] However, on the same day, an appellate judge withheld the mandate of the opinion, and on July 14, 2023,[226] the Eleventh Circuit granted the NRA's petition to rehear it en banc.[227]

Federal law
Main article: Gun law in the United States

On February 20, 2018, Trump directed the Department of Justice to issue regulations to ban bump stocks.[228][229]

On March 23, the STOP School Violence Act was signed into law as part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018, which increases funding for metal detectors, security training, and similar safety measures.[230] Lawmakers made it clear it was in response to the shooting and the public outcry.[231] Some students from the Stoneman Douglas High School, who were active in calling for stricter gun control (not just safety measures), said the measure was passed because lawmakers "pass something very easy and simple that everyone can get behind. But that's because it doesn't do anything."[232]

Boycott of NRA and responses from businesses
Main article: 2018 NRA boycott

Following the shooting, people boycotted gun rights advocacy groups including the National Rifle Association of America (NRA) and its business affiliates. Many companies responded to the shooting by changing some of their business dealings and practices.[233]

Calls for companies to sever their ties to the NRA were heeded when several companies terminated their business relationships with the NRA.[234][235][236][237]

Major gun sellers such as Dick's, Walmart, and Fred Meyer voluntarily raised the age requirement on gun purchases from 18 to 21. The NRA challenged the new age requirement in court. Other businesses like Bank of America and Citibank also ended some of their dealings with gun manufacturers and vendors.[233]

Victims' funds

In the aftermath of the shooting, more than $7.5 million was raised for the victims as of April 2018. Two other funds, Florida's Crime Victims Compensation Fund, which pays for medical and funeral expenses, and the National Compassion Fund, which pays for pain and suffering, are also available to help the victims of the Parkland shooting.[238]

In addition, victim Scott Beigel's family started a memorial fund in his name with the goal of funding summer camp tuition for students traumatized by school shootings, a passion of Beigel.[239] The memorial fund is majorly involved with events, including a 5K run, and partnered with Oneida-based Camp Fiver, which also gave the fund an honorary award.[240][241][239]

Conspiracy theories, disinformation, and harassment
Student David Hogg was subjected to widespread allegations of being a crisis actor.

Anti-gun control conspiracy theories circulated in the wake of the shooting. The speculation included false claims that the shooting did not happen or was staged by "crisis actors".[242][243][244] One such claim was made by Benjamin A. Kelly, a district secretary for Republican State Representative Shawn Harrison, who sent an email to the Tampa Bay Times falsely stating that the children in the picture were not students at the school.[242] As a result of the backlash, Kelly was fired hours later.[242] Former Republican congressman and CNN contributor Jack Kingston suggested student demonstrators were paid by billionaire George Soros or were supported by "members of Antifa".[242] A video with a description espousing a conspiracy theory that student David Hogg was a "crisis actor" reached the top of YouTube's trending page before it was removed by the company.[245][246] As the shooting took place, a teacher directed Hogg and several other students to hide in a closet. Hogg, who worked on the school's TV station, then filmed student reactions to the shooting in an effort to document the event.[247][248]

The Alliance for Securing Democracy alleged that Russia-linked accounts on Twitter and other platforms used the shooting's aftermath to inflame tensions and divide Americans by posting loaded comments that oppose gun control.[249][250] Other Russia-linked accounts labeled the shooting a false flag operation that the U.S. government would exploit to seize guns from citizens.[251] Hundreds of Russian bots were also suspected of coming to the defense of Laura Ingraham on Twitter following the boycott of her show, The Ingraham Angle, that resulted from her public ridicule of Hogg.[252][253] The conspiracy theories about survivors like Hogg and González were named PolitiFact's 2018 Lie of the Year.[254]

Some of the survivors of the shooting and their relatives were targeted by online harassment that included death threats.[255][256] Cameron Kasky wrote on Twitter that he was quitting Facebook for the time being, because the death threats from "NRA cultists" were slightly more graphic on a service without a character limit.[257]

In March 2019, future Republican U.S. Representative Marjorie Taylor Greene for Georgia was filmed heckling and harassing survivor David Hogg as he was walking toward the United States Capitol.[258][259][260]

See also

Notes
  1. Acquitted of seven counts of child neglect, three counts of culpable negligence, and one count of perjury.
  1. 4700 block of Wyndham Lakes Drive, Coral Springs.[1]
  2. 14 students and three staff members
  3. Also known as the "freshman building" because it was originally built for use only by freshmen, it later became used for other grades as well.[29]
  4. Smith & Wesson M&P15.[30][31]
  5. Called in as a gunshot wound, according to an emergency room doctor.[44]

References
  1. Blaskey, Sarah (February 16, 2018). "He turned school into slaughterhouse, then stopped at McDonald's". Miami Herald. MSN. Archived from the original on February 19, 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2018.
  2. Laughland, Oliver; Luscombe, Richard; Yuhas, Alan (February 15, 2018). "Florida school shooting: at least 17 people dead on 'horrific, horrific day'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on February 15, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
  3. Earl, Jennifer (February 14, 2018). "Florida school shooting among 10 deadliest in modern US history". Fox News Channel. Archived from the original on February 15, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
  4. Fleshler, David; Hobbs, Stephen; Huriash, Lisa J.; Trischitta, Linda (March 2, 2018). "Captain in Parkland school shooting was brought onto force by Sheriff Israel". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on March 7, 2018. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
  5. Detman, Gary (February 15, 2018). "Gunman went to Walmart and McDonald's after school shooting: Sheriff". West Palm Beach, Florida: WPEC. Archived from the original on March 27, 2019. Retrieved March 26, 2019.
  6. Rozsa, Lori; Berman, Mark; Barrett, Devlin (February 15, 2018). "'A day of mourning': Florida school shooting suspect denied bond, charged with 17 counts of premeditated murder". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 15, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
  7. Sweeney, Dan (March 7, 2018). "Florida House sends Stoneman Douglas gun and school bill to Gov. Scott". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on March 7, 2018. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  8. Sanchez, Ray; Yan, Holly (March 9, 2018). "Florida Gov. Rick Scott signs gun bill". CNN. Archived from the original on March 9, 2018. Retrieved March 10, 2018.
  9. Li, David K. (January 11, 2019). "Sheriff Scott Israel removed from office after criticism of Parkland school shooting response". NBC News. Archived from the original on March 27, 2019. Retrieved March 26, 2019.
  10. Fleshler, David (December 13, 2018). "Broward Sheriff's sergeant called 'an absolute, total failure' as Parkland shooting panel slams agency". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on March 27, 2019. Retrieved March 26, 2019.
  11. SPENCER, TERRY (October 20, 2021). "Nikolas Cruz pleads guilty to 2018 Parkland school massacre". AP NEWS. Archived from the original on November 9, 2021. Retrieved October 20, 2021.
  12. Spencer, Terry (July 18, 2022). "Prosecutor recalls coldness, cruelty of Parkland gunman". Associated Press. Retrieved July 20, 2022.
  13. Spencer, Terry (June 28, 2022). "Jury is chosen to decide Florida school shooter's sentence". Associated Press. Retrieved July 20, 2022.
  14. Wamsley, Laurel (October 13, 2022). "A jury recommends life in prison for Parkland shooter Nikolas Cruz". NPR. Retrieved October 13, 2022.
  15. "Parkland school killer formally sentenced to life in prison". AP NEWS. Retrieved November 2, 2022.
  16. "Florida high school mass shooter sentenced to life in prison". The Straits Times. Singapore. November 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  17. Hayes, Christal; Bohatch, Emily (February 14, 2018). "'I'm sick to my stomach': 17 dead in Florida high school shooting; former student in custody". USA Today. Archived from the original on February 15, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
  18. Burch, Audra D. S.; Mazzei, Patricia (February 14, 2018). "Death Toll Is at 17 and Could Rise in Shooting". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 2, 2018. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
  19. Neal, David J. (February 28, 2018). "Uber driver says Nikolas Cruz told her: 'I am going to my music class'". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on March 1, 2018. Retrieved February 28, 2018.
  20. "Florida school shooting suspect hid among students after massacre". CBS News. Associated Press. February 15, 2018. Archived from the original on February 15, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
  21. "Unprepared and Overwhelmed". Sun-Sentinel. December 28, 2018. Archived from the original on December 30, 2018. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
  22. Johnson, Alex (February 15, 2018). "As officers searched Florida school, shooting suspect was shopping, authorities say". NBC News. Archived from the original on February 16, 2018. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
  23. Weingarten, Dean (December 4, 2018). "Cowardice at Parkland Shooting: "Security" Recognized Shooter, Rifle Case". AmmoLand.com. Archived from the original on March 27, 2019. Retrieved March 26, 2019.
  24. "Teacher told students to run after encountering Florida school shooting suspect". CBS News. February 16, 2018. Archived from the original on March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 14, 2018.
  25. Fahrenthold, David A.; Sullivan, Kevin; Schmidt, Samantha (February 15, 2018). "What happened in the 82 minutes between Nikolas Cruz's arrival and arrest during Florida shooting". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on February 16, 2018. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
  26. Chavez, Nicole; Almasy, Steve (March 8, 2018). "What happened, moment by moment, in the Florida school massacre". CNN. Archived from the original on March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 14, 2018.
  27. Alanez, Tonya; Fleshler, David; Hobbs, Stephen; Huriash, Lisa J.; McMahon, Paula; O'Matz, Megan; Travis, Scott (December 28, 2018). "Unprepared and Overwhelmed". South Florida Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on December 30, 2018.
  28. Alanez, Tonya; McMahon, Paula; Geggis, Anne (June 1, 2018). ""That's crazy boy." School watchman recognized but didn't stop shooter before Parkland massacre". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on June 29, 2018. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
  29. Almukhtar, Sarah; Lai, K. K. Rebecca; Singvhi, Anjali; Yourish, Karen (February 15, 2018). "What Happened Inside the Florida School Shooting". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 18, 2018. Retrieved February 19, 2018.
  30. Swisher, Skyler; McMahon, Paula. "Nikolas Cruz passed background check, including mental health questions, to get AR-15 rifle". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on February 16, 2018. Retrieved February 17, 2018. Cruz purchased the Smith & Wesson M&P 15 rifle in February 2017 from Sunrise Tactical Supply in Coral Springs, officials said. Cruz passed a background check, which looks at criminal history and whether someone has been found to be "mentally defective" by a court, said Peter Forcelli, the special agent in charge of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives in South Florida...As is the case in most states, Floridians can buy assault-style weapons from federally licensed dealers once they reach age 18.
  31. Frankel, Todd C. (March 22, 2018). "A city that makes guns confronts its role in the Parkland mass shooting". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved July 31, 2018. The gun was a Smith & Wesson M&P15, a version of the controversial AR-15 military-style rifle.
  32. Nehamas, Nicholas; Smiley, David (February 27, 2018). "Florida school shooter's AR-15 may have jammed, saving lives, report says". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on March 2, 2018. Retrieved March 2, 2018.
  33. Zwirz, Elizabeth (February 14, 2018). "Parkland high school shooting: At least 17 killed, suspect in custody, Florida sheriff says". Fox News Channel. Archived from the original on February 14, 2018. Retrieved February 14, 2018.
  34. "Suspect, Nikolas Cruz, in custody in Parkland school shooting in Florida". CBS News. February 14, 2018. Archived from the original on February 14, 2018. Retrieved February 14, 2018.
  35. Johnson, Alex (February 15, 2018). "Florida school shooting: Teachers describe chaos as students fled gunman". NBC News. Archived from the original on February 24, 2018. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
  36. Stuart, Tessa (February 12, 2019). "Parkland, One Year Later: Ivy Schamis, a Teacher of Hope". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on April 17, 2021. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
  37. Solomon, Lois K. (March 20, 2018). "Stoneman Douglas teacher gets $1,000 to keep Holocaust lessons alive". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on July 1, 2021. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
  38. "Holocaust History Came Alive In Parkland Shooting". CBS 4 Miami. April 26, 2018. Archived from the original on April 17, 2021. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
  39. "Parkland mass shooting: One year later". USC Shoah Foundation. February 13, 2019. Archived from the original on November 10, 2021. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
  40. Fleshler, David; Chokey, Aric; Huriash, Lisa J.; Trischitta, Linda (February 14, 2018). "Florida school shooting leaves 17 dead as gunman stalked halls". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on February 14, 2018. Retrieved February 14, 2018.
  41. "Stoneman Douglas shooting timeline of events". Broward County Sheriff's Office. February 15, 2018. Archived from the original on February 19, 2018. Retrieved February 19, 2018.
  42. Karimi, Faith (February 17, 2018). "Police calls reveal frantic search to find Florida gunman". CNN. Archived from the original on February 25, 2018. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
  43. Torres, Andrea (February 15, 2018). "Timeline of shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School". Miami, Florida: WPLG. Archived from the original on February 18, 2018. Retrieved February 19, 2018.
  44. Fink, Sheri (February 20, 2018). "Treating the Victims, and the Teenager Accused of Gunning Them Down". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 20, 2018. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  45. Fausset, Richard; Kovaleski, Serge F.; Mazzei, Patricia (February 16, 2018). "On a Day Like Any Other at a Florida School, 6 Minutes of Death and Chaos". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 17, 2018. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
  46. Initial Report, January 2, 2019, p. 25, 33 (first rounds fired 2:21:38; last victim shot 2:25:20)
  47. Slayton, Ashley M. (February 14, 2018). "Doctor: Hospitals treating 16 shooting victims; 17 fatalities also confirmed". Tyler, Texas: KLTV. Archived from the original on February 15, 2018. Retrieved February 14, 2018.
  48. Keneally, Meghan (February 15, 2018). "What the school, police did right in Florida school shooting". ABC News. Archived from the original on February 17, 2018. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
  49. Nehamas, Nicholas (May 31, 2018). "Paramedics wanted to enter Parkland school where kids were dying. BSO said no". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on June 2, 2018. Retrieved June 1, 2018. every time McNally asked to deploy the two Rescue Task Force teams—each made up of three paramedics and three to four law enforcement officers—the Broward Sheriff's Office captain in charge of the scene, Jan Jordan, said no.
  50. Megan O'Matz; Lisa J. Huriash (May 31, 2018). "More medics kept asking to go in and rescue wounded at Stoneman Douglas. They kept being told no". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on June 2, 2018. Retrieved June 1, 2018. Inside Marjory Stoneman Douglas High children lay dying. Outside, the Coral Springs deputy fire chief repeatedly asked a Broward sheriff's commander for permission to send his medics inside the school but was rebuffed. "The incident commander advised me: 'She would have to check,'"
  51. Finn, Matt (February 27, 2018). "Florida emergency medical teams frustrated over 'delay' in Parkland school shooting response". Fox News Channel. Archived from the original on June 2, 2018. Retrieved June 1, 2018. Two separate sources told Fox News some of the EMS teams who requested to enter the school were told they could not. One source said it was the Broward County Sheriff's Office – which was the commanding office – that ordered some of the EMS crews not to go into the school when they requested to enter.
  52. "MSDStrong". Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School. Archived from the original on February 18, 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2018.
  53. Fleshler, David; Valys, Phillip (March 7, 2018). "Named for the first time: All 17 who survived Nikolas Cruz's bullets". Sun-Sentinel. Retrieved March 7, 2018.
  54. Burke, Peter; Batchelor, Amanda; Suarez, Carlos; Mohan, Neki; Seiden, Michael (February 14, 2018). "17 killed in shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School". Miami, Florida: WPLG. Archived from the original on February 15, 2018. Retrieved February 14, 2018.
  55. "Florida shooting: At least 17 dead in high school attack". BBC News. February 15, 2018. Archived from the original on December 4, 2020. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
  56. Chokey, Aric (February 16, 2018). "Two more people wounded in Florida school shooting released from hospital". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on February 22, 2020. Retrieved February 20, 2018.
  57. "The 17 lives lost at Douglas High". Miami Herald. February 21, 2018. Archived from the original on February 28, 2018. Retrieved March 1, 2018.
  58. "Student Describes Hearing Her Teacher Being Fatally Shot in Florida School Shooting: 'It Haunts Me'". Los Angeles, California: KTLA. Archived from the original on February 16, 2018. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
  59. Dusenbury, Wells; Diaz, Johnny. "Scott Beigel, Florida school shooting victim: A hero teacher who saved students was among 17 deaths in Parkland". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on February 16, 2018. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
  60. Chuck, Elizabeth. "Parkland school shooting: Football coach Aaron Feis died shielding students". NBC News. Archived from the original on February 17, 2018. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
  61. Harris, Chris. "Wife of Florida School Shooting Hero Knew Husband Would Run Toward Gunfire: 'I'm Beyond Proud'". People. Archived from the original on February 17, 2018. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
  62. Hussain, Selima (February 18, 2018). "Petition: JROTC Cadet Killed In Stoneman Shooting Deserves Full Honors Military Burial". Miami, Florida: WTVJ. Archived from the original on February 20, 2018. Retrieved February 19, 2018.
  63. Swift, Tim (February 18, 2018). "Friends petition for military funeral for Stoneman Douglas student hailed as hero". Miami, Florida: WPLG. Archived from the original on February 20, 2018. Retrieved February 19, 2018.
  64. Tavss, Jeff (February 20, 2018). "Parkland cadet victims to receive JROTC heroism medals". Miami, Florida: WPLG. Archived from the original on February 21, 2018. Retrieved February 20, 2018.
  65. Hays, Graham (March 8, 2018). "For grieving family and friends of Alyssa Alhadeff, U.S. women's soccer provides joyous interlude". Orlando, Florida: ESPN. Archived from the original on March 9, 2018. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  66. "Parkland shooting: Hair Club founder helps a father's passionate pitch". The Palm Beach Post. Archived from the original on May 2, 2018. Retrieved May 2, 2018.
  67. Bacon, John (February 19, 2018). "Teen shot 5 times closing the door during Florida shooting gets visit from Broward sheriff". USA Today. Archived from the original on March 1, 2018. Retrieved March 1, 2018.
  68. Held, Amy (April 4, 2018). "'I Feel Good': Final Parkland Shooting Survivor Released From Hospital". NPR. Archived from the original on October 20, 2021. Retrieved February 26, 2021.
  69. Soule, Jared; Schonbek, Amelia (October 28, 2018). "The Class of 1946–2018: Twenty-seven school-shooting survivors bear their scars, and bear witness". New York. Archived from the original on August 11, 2021. Retrieved February 26, 2021.
  70. Levenson, Eric; Henderson, Jennifer (April 4, 2018). "Final Parkland shooting survivor released from the hospital". CNN. Archived from the original on April 6, 2018. Retrieved April 6, 2018.
  71. Lubben, Alex (April 4, 2018). "Parkland "hero" who took 5 bullets for his friends is finally out of the hospital". Vice News. Archived from the original on April 6, 2018. Retrieved April 6, 2018.
  72. Fleshler, David (April 6, 2018). "Parkland shooting victim Anthony Borges criticizes Sheriff's Office and School District". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on April 6, 2018. Retrieved April 7, 2018.
  73. "'Both Of You Failed Us': Florida School Shooting Hero Blames Sheriff, Superintendent". Miami, Florida: WFOR-TV. April 6, 2018. Archived from the original on April 7, 2018. Retrieved April 7, 2018.
  74. "Anthony Borges, Stoneman Douglas Shooting Hero, Calls Out Broward Sheriff". Miami, Florida: WTVJ. April 6, 2018. Archived from the original on April 8, 2018. Retrieved April 7, 2018.
  75. Diaz, Johnny (June 25, 2018). "Parkland student Anthony Borges honored at BET Awards". Sun Sentinel. Archived from the original on October 2, 2021. Retrieved February 26, 2021.
  76. "MSD Teachers Reflect 1 Year After Shooting". NBC4 Washington. Archived from the original on March 23, 2019. Retrieved March 23, 2019.
  77. "Parkland Student Maia Hebron, 18, on Survivor's Guilt: 'It's Unreal ... to Keep On Living'". People. Archived from the original on March 23, 2019. Retrieved March 23, 2019.
  78. "Parkland shooting survivor Sydney Aiello takes her own life". CBS News. Archived from the original on March 23, 2019. Retrieved February 5, 2022.
  79. "Sydney Aiello, a Parkland school shooting survivor, kills herself". NBC News. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved February 5, 2022.
  80. Mazzei, Patricia (March 24, 2019). "Parkland Grieves Again After Two Apparent Teenage Suicides". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 24, 2019. Retrieved March 24, 2019.
  81. "Florida shooter expressed hate for Jews via private chat". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. February 18, 2018. Retrieved April 2, 2023. In one tirade against his biological mother, Cruz said: "My real mom was a Jew. [sic] I am glad I never met her," according to CNN.
  82. Wallman, Brittany; McMahon, Paula; O'Matz, Megan; Bryan, Susannah. "School shooter Nikolas Cruz: A lost and lonely killer". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved December 15, 2018.
  83. Miller, Carol Marbin; Gurney, Kyra (February 20, 2018). "Parkland shooter always in trouble, never expelled. Could school system have done more?". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on March 3, 2018. Retrieved March 1, 2018. Contrary to early reports, Cruz was never expelled from Broward schools. Legally, he couldn't be. Under federal law, Nikolas Cruz had a right to a 'free and appropriate' education at a public school near him.
  84. Teproff, Carli; Herrera, Chabeli; Smiley, David (February 14, 2018). "17 dead, 15 wounded after expelled student shoots up Stoneman Douglas High in Broward". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on February 14, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
  85. Wallman, Brittany; McMahon, Paula; O'Matz, Megan; Bryan, Susannah (February 24, 2018). "School shooter Nikolas Cruz: An unending saga of disturbed behavior and red flags". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on February 25, 2018. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
  86. Hutchinson, Bill; Hill, James (February 21, 2018). "School shooting suspect could lose public defender after reports of $800K inheritance". ABC News. Archived from the original on February 25, 2018. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
  87. "Red flags: The troubled path of accused Parkland shooter Nikolas Cruz". The Washington Post. March 10, 2018. Archived from the original on October 13, 2021. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
  88. Hobbs, Stephen; McMahon, Paula; Geggis, Anne; Travis, Scott. "Nikolas Cruz: Troubled suspect had been expelled from Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on February 15, 2018.
  89. Griffin, Drew; Glover, Scott; Pagliery, Jose; Lah, Kyung (February 16, 2018). "From 'broken child' to mass killer". CNN. Archived from the original on April 3, 2018. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
  90. Wan, William; Sullivan, Kevin; Weingrad, David; Berman, Mark (February 15, 2018). "Florida shooting suspect Nikolas Cruz: Guns, depression and a life in trouble". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on April 2, 2018. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
  91. "Parkland school shooter's defense: Teacher says 'animal fantasy' behaviors were problem in pre-K". August 23, 2022.
  92. Craig, Tim; Brown, Emma; Larimer, Sarah; Balingit, Moriah (February 18, 2018). "Teachers say Florida suspect's problems started in middle school, and the system tried to help him". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 28, 2018. Retrieved March 1, 2018. interviews with teachers, administrators and those who knew Cruz – along with other records and accounts – show that he was well-known to school and mental health authorities and was entrenched in the process for getting students help rather than referring them to law enforcement.
  93. Zezima, Katie (March 24, 2018). "'People need to listen to us': Demonstrators gather around the U.S. to protest gun violence". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 24, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2018.
  94. Saslow, Eli (June 4, 2018). "'It was my job, and I didn't find him': Stoneman Douglas resource officer remains haunted by massacre". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 5, 2018. Retrieved June 5, 2018. He had even suggested that counselors use Florida's Baker Act to have Cruz involuntarily committed, but a health expert wrote that Cruz "did not meet criteria for further assessment."
  95. "Stoneman Douglas' resource officer recommended committing Nikolas Cruz for mental health issues". York, Pennsylvania: WPMT. CNN Wire. March 19, 2018. Archived from the original on March 20, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2018. [a] school resource officer [...] wanted to use the Baker Act on September 28, 2016, after the then-student allegedly made threats against himself and others. Although two guidance counselors initially agreed with [the officer], two mental health professionals from Henderson Behavioral Health said Cruz didn't meet the criteria
  96. "Psychologist says Parkland school shooter was a child who 'stuck out like a sore thumb'". August 24, 2022.
  97. Burch, Audra D. S.; Robles, Frances; Mazzei, Patricia (February 17, 2018). "Florida Agency Investigated Nikolas Cruz After Violent Social Media Posts". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 17, 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2018.
  98. McLaughlin, Eliott C.; Park, Madison (February 14, 2018). "Social media paints picture of racist 'professional school shooter'". CNN. Archived from the original on February 16, 2018.
  99. Fisher, Janon (February 27, 2018). "Florida school gunman carved swastikas into rifle magazines, had 180 rounds remaining". Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on March 23, 2018. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
  100. Date, Jack; Margolin, Josh. "Florida school shooting suspect had access to 10 firearms, including AK-47 variant". ABC News. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved March 29, 2021.
  101. Herrera, Chabeli (February 15, 2018). "Gun shop owners distraught over firearm sold to teen now held in school massacre". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on February 17, 2018.
  102. Detman, Gary (March 9, 2018). "Gov. Scott signs Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School Public Safety Act". WPEC. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
  103. Devine, Curt; Pagliery, Jose (February 27, 2018). "Sheriff says he got 23 calls about shooter's family, but records show more". CNN. Archived from the original on March 3, 2018. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
  104. Blinder, Alan; Mazzei, Patricia (February 22, 2018). "As Gunman Rampaged Through Florida School, Armed Deputy 'Never Went In'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 30, 2020. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
  105. Nehamas, Nicholas (February 22, 2018). "'School shooter in the making': All the times authorities were warned about Nikolas Cruz". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on January 10, 2021. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
  106. Hobbs, Stephen; Travis, Scott; Huriash, Lisa J. (February 23, 2018). "Stoneman Douglas cop resigns; sheriff says he should have 'killed the killer'". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on January 10, 2021. Retrieved February 23, 2018. deputies were under review for how they handled two calls, including the one from November where the caller also said Cruz "was collecting guns and knives," according to documents released by the sheriff's office. A deputy followed up with the caller but did not create a report documenting it. A separate incident, from February 2016, was also under review. The sheriff's office said a deputy responded to a tip that Cruz planned to shoot up a school and that the information was forwarded to Peterson, the school resource officer.
  107. Murphy, Brett; Perez, Maria (February 23, 2018). "Florida school shooting: Sheriff got 18 calls about Nikolas Cruz's violence, threats, guns". USA Today. Archived from the original on January 9, 2021. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
  108. Goldman, Adam; Mazzei, Patricia (February 15, 2018). "YouTube Comment Seen as Early Warning in Shooting Left Little for F.B.I. to Investigate". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 16, 2018. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
  109. Sacks, Brianna (February 15, 2018). "The FBI Was Warned About A School Shooting Threat From A YouTube User Named Nikolas Cruz in September". BuzzFeed. Archived from the original on February 15, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
  110. Benner, Katie; Mazzei, Patricia; Goldman, Adam (February 16, 2018). "F.B.I. Was Warned of Florida Suspect's Desire to Kill but Did Not Act". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 14, 2021. Retrieved February 18, 2018.
  111. "FBI Statement on the Shooting in Parkland, Florida". Federal Bureau of Investigation. February 16, 2018. Archived from the original on February 17, 2018.
  112. Wilber, Del Quentin; Viswanatha, Aruna (February 20, 2018). "FBI Probes Tip-Line Operations After Missed Florida-Shooting Warning". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on December 14, 2020. Retrieved February 22, 2018.(subscription required)
  113. Wamsley, Laurel (February 26, 2018). "Broward Sheriff Under Scrutiny For Handling Of Parkland Shooting". NPR. Archived from the original on March 21, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  114. Scherer, Michael; Davis, Aaron C.; Berman, Mark (February 26, 2018). "Florida sheriff faces intensifying political scrutiny, calls to resign in wake of school shooting". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 18, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  115. Mazzei, Patricia (February 25, 2018). "Under Pressure, Florida Sheriff Defends 'Amazing Leadership'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 21, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  116. Hart, Benjamin (February 25, 2018). "Broward County Sheriff Brags About 'Amazing Leadership' in Wake of School-Shooting Failures". New York. Archived from the original on June 29, 2018. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  117. Boss, Jeff (March 7, 2018). "This Is What 'Amazing Leadership' Doesn't Look Like". Forbes. Archived from the original on March 22, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  118. Smiley, David; Nehamas, Nicholas; Rabin, Charles (February 28, 2018). "As Broward sheriff touts 'amazing leadership,' a low grumble builds in the ranks". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on March 21, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  119. SPENCER, TERRY (October 20, 2021). "Nikolas Cruz pleads guilty to 2018 Parkland school massacre". AP NEWS. Archived from the original on November 9, 2021. Retrieved October 20, 2021.
  120. Spencer, Terry (June 28, 2022). "Jury is chosen to decide Florida school shooter's sentence". Associated Press. Retrieved July 20, 2022.
  121. Wamsley, Laurel (October 13, 2022). "A jury recommends life in prison for Parkland shooter Nikolas Cruz". NPR. Retrieved October 13, 2022.
  122. "Parkland school killer formally sentenced to life in prison". AP NEWS. Retrieved November 2, 2022.
  123. Izaguirre, Anthony (April 20, 2023). "Florida eases path for death penalty after Parkland school shooter verdict". WPTV. Retrieved August 17, 2023.
  124. Shayanian, Sara (May 24, 2018). "Families of Parkland victims sue maker, seller of gun used in shooting". United Press International. Archived from the original on July 31, 2018. Retrieved July 31, 2018.
  125. "Judge rejects Parkland lawsuit, saying failure to stop shooting didn't violate 14th Amendment rights". CNN. December 18, 2018. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved March 22, 2020.
  126. Wright, Christian De La Rosa, Madeleine (October 18, 2021). "Parkland shooting victims' families, Broward schools reach $25M settlement". WPLG. Archived from the original on November 2, 2021. Retrieved October 19, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  127. Prang, Allison (October 19, 2021). "Parkland School Shooting Victims, Families Reach $25 Million Settlement With District". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on November 2, 2021. Retrieved October 19, 2021.
  128. "Parkland shooting: Families involved in 2018 attack settle FBI lawsuit". BBC News. November 23, 2021. Archived from the original on November 23, 2021. Retrieved November 23, 2021.
  129. Olmeda, Rafael (May 30, 2018). "Parkland shooter Nikolas Cruz brags on cellphone videos, 'I'm going to be the next school shooter'". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on May 30, 2018. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
  130. Gonzales, Richard (February 14, 2018). "Sheriff's Office Reports 17 People Dead in South Florida High School Shooting". NPR. Archived from the original on February 15, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
  131. Marino, Amanda (February 14, 2018). "Collier County sheriff, superintendent announce increased security". Cape Coral, Florida: WFTX-TV. Archived from the original on February 16, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
  132. Nealeigh, Sara (February 15, 2018). "After mass shooting, more security at Manatee County schools". The Bradenton Herald. Bradenton, Florida. Archived from the original on February 16, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
  133. Mark, Michelle (February 16, 2018). "Florida high school building to be torn down after mass shooting". Business Insider. Archived from the original on February 17, 2018.
  134. Baitinger, Brooke (October 9, 2020). "New freshman building unveiled at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School". sun-sentinel.com. Archived from the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved January 19, 2021.
  135. "Building where Parkland school shooting occurred to be demolished next summer". September 21, 2023.
  136. Healy, Jack (February 28, 2018). "Scared but Resilient, Stoneman Douglas Students Return to Class". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 1, 2018. Retrieved March 2, 2018.
  137. Thompson, Ty [@PrincipalMSD] (February 27, 2018). "Looking forward to tomorrow Eagles! Remember our focus is on emotional readiness and comfort not curriculum: so there is no need for backpacks. Come ready to start the healing process and #RECLAIMTHENEST" (Tweet). Retrieved March 2, 2018 – via Twitter.
  138. Diao, Alexis (April 3, 2018). "Parkland Students Return To School Skeptical Of Clear Backpacks". NPR. Archived from the original on April 4, 2018. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
  139. Wallman, Brittany; O'Matz, Megan; McMahon, Paula (November 30, 2018). "Hide, deny, spin, threaten: How the school district tried to mask failures that led to Parkland shooting". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on December 3, 2018. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
  140. Spencer, Terry (June 3, 2018). "'Remember Those Not With Us.' A Somber Graduation at Parkland High School 4 Months After Shooting". Time. Archived from the original on June 3, 2018.
  141. Winsor, Morgan; Nestel, M.L. (June 4, 2018). "Parkland high school honors 'those not with us' at first graduation since 17 killed". ABC News. Archived from the original on June 4, 2018. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
  142. Grinberg, Emanuella; Jackson, Amanda (June 4, 2018). "Silent forms of protest make bold statements at Parkland graduation". CNN. Archived from the original on June 4, 2018. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
  143. Andone, Dakin (June 4, 2018). "Jimmy Fallon makes surprise appearance at Marjory Stoneman Douglas graduation". CNN. Archived from the original on June 4, 2018. Retrieved June 5, 2018.
  144. Ramadan, Lulu; D'Angelo, Tom (February 14, 2019). "Parkland anniversary: 'A day for peace' as MSD students honor dead with service projects". The Palm Beach Post. Archived from the original on February 1, 2021.
  145. Burke, Peter (February 14, 2019). "Families, friends, classmates remember victims of Parkland school shooting". Miami, Florida: WPLG. Archived from the original on February 14, 2019. Retrieved February 14, 2019.
  146. Chavez, Nicole (June 4, 2019). "This is what Scot Peterson did during the Parkland school shooting". CNN. Archived from the original on February 1, 2021. Retrieved June 6, 2019.
  147. Owen, Tess (February 22, 2018). "The armed school resource officer at Stoneman Douglas waited outside during the shooting". Vice News. Archived from the original on April 5, 2019. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
  148. Tapper, Jake (February 23, 2018). "Sources: Coral Springs police upset at some Broward deputies for not entering school". CNN. Archived from the original on January 16, 2021. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
  149. Burch, Audra D. S. (June 4, 2019). "Deputy Who Stayed Outside During Parkland School Shooting Faces Criminal Charges". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 4, 2019. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  150. Hassan, Adeel (June 6, 2019). "Scot Peterson Is Released on Bond. Here's How He's Explained His Actions During the Parkland Shooting". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 24, 2019. Retrieved October 24, 2019.
  151. Viteri, Amy (July 22, 2019). "Scot Peterson pleads not guilty to felony charges related to Parkland school shooting". WPLG Local10. Archived from the original on October 24, 2019. Retrieved October 24, 2019.
  152. Forney, Terrell (September 11, 2019). "Scot Peterson files petition to have charges dropped". WPLG Local10. Archived from the original on October 24, 2019. Retrieved October 24, 2019.
  153. "Florida deputy faces trial for alleged failure to confront Parkland school shooter". May 30, 2023.
  154. "Jury selection set to begin in trial of former Parkland BSO deputy Scot Peterson - CBS Miami". CBS News.
  155. "Trial for Scot Peterson Set to Begin. Here's What to Know About the Former Resource Deputy". May 30, 2023.
  156. Mazzei, Patricia (June 29, 2023). "Jury Acquits Deputy Who Failed to Confront Parkland Gunman". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 30, 2023.
  157. Ovalle, David (February 26, 2018). "I'm no coward, says deputy who didn't go inside Parkland school during massacre". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on February 26, 2018. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
  158. Ovalle, David; Rabin, Charles; Smiley, David; Teproff, Carli (April 17, 2018). "Disgraced Parkland deputy heard shots inside school building, told cops to stay away". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on March 19, 2018.
  159. Berman, Mark (March 15, 2018). "Broward Sheriff's Office releases video showing deputy standing outside Parkland school during massacre". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  160. Demarzo, Wanda J.; Nehamas, Nicholas (March 1, 2018). "BSO captain told deputies to set up 'perimeter' around shooting. That's not the training". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on February 1, 2021. Retrieved March 2, 2018.
  161. Nehamas, Nicholas (November 20, 2018). "After criticism, BSO captain in charge of Parkland shooting response resigns". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on December 1, 2018. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
  162. Huriash, Lisa J.; Hobbs, Stephen; O'Matz, Megan (February 22, 2018). "Video delays misled cops at Stoneman Douglas shooting". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on March 3, 2018. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
  163. Finn, Matt (March 6, 2018). "Broward sheriff's captain who gave initial order to 'stage' not enter Stoneman Douglas is ID'd". Fox News Channel. Archived from the original on March 6, 2018. Retrieved March 7, 2018. The policy did not appear to indicate a priority for staging or a perimeter. The Broward County Sheriff's office is performing its own investigation into the timeline of the day of the shooting. The Florida Department of Law Enforcement is also investigating BSO and the Florida Senate subpoenaed the Broward County Public Schools and responding law enforcement agencies for all records and information related to the shooting.
  164. Shear, Michael D. (February 26, 2018). "Trump Says He Would Have Rushed in Unarmed to Stop School Shooting". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 26, 2018. Retrieved February 27, 2018.
  165. Schwartz, Rafi (February 14, 2018). "At Least One Dead, Dozens Injured in Florida High School Shooting (DEVELOPING)". Splinter News. Archived from the original on February 15, 2018. Retrieved February 14, 2018.
  166. Trump, Donald J. [@realDonaldTrump] (February 14, 2018). "My prayers and condolences to the families of the victims of the terrible Florida shooting. No child, teacher or anyone else should ever feel unsafe in an American school" (Tweet). Archived from the original on February 15, 2018. Retrieved February 14, 2018 – via Twitter.
  167. "Read Trump's speech addressing the Parkland school shooting | CNN Politics". CNN. February 15, 2018. Retrieved July 30, 2022.
  168. Lucey, Catherine (February 15, 2018). "Trump cites mental health _ not guns _ in speech on shooting". AP News. Archived from the original on December 26, 2021. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  169. Flesher, David; Chokey, Aric; Huriash, Lisa J.; Trischitta, Linda (February 14, 2018). "Seventeen killed in South Florida high school shooting". Sun-Sentinel. Broward County, Florida. Archived from the original on February 15, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
  170. Rogers, Katie (February 16, 2018). "Trump Visits Florida Hospital That Treated School Shooting Victims". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 21, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  171. Beatty, Andrew. "'Gun free' schools are magnets for 'bad people': Trump". Yahoo! News. Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
  172. Merica, Dan; Klein, Betsy (February 22, 2018). "Trump suggests arming teachers as a solution to increase school safety". CNN. Archived from the original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
  173. Zurcher, Anthony (February 15, 2018). "Florida shooting: Two Americas speak in aftermath". BBC News. Archived from the original on November 27, 2018. Retrieved October 18, 2018.
  174. Spicuzza, Mary (February 15, 2018). "Paul Ryan on Florida shooting: 'This is not the time to jump to some conclusion'". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on November 25, 2018. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
  175. Vazquez, Maegan. "Rubio: Gun laws wouldn't have prevented Parkland". CNN. Archived from the original on February 16, 2018. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
  176. Wartman, Scott. "School shootings: Kentucky Gov. Matt Bevin blames violent video games and shows, not guns". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Archived from the original on January 9, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
  177. Fogel, Stefanie. "Kentucky Governor Blames Video Games for Florida School Shooting". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
  178. O'Keefe, Ed (February 22, 2018). "NRA-backed Sen. Pat Roberts: 'Nobody under 21 should have an AR-15'". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 14, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  179. Stolberg, Sheryl Gay; Martin, Jonathan; Kaplan, Thomas (February 25, 2018). "Is This the Moment for Gun Control? A Gridlocked Congress Is Under Pressure". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 10, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  180. Tatum, Sophie (February 22, 2018). "Kansas Republican backs raising age to buy semiautomatic rifles". CNN. Archived from the original on July 11, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  181. "The Latest: Ban Proposed on Young Buying Assault Rifles". U.S. News & World Report. Associated Press. February 23, 2018. Archived from the original on July 11, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  182. Koenig, Kailani (February 18, 2018). "GOP Sen. Lankford has 'no issue' with stronger gun background checks". Meet the Press. NBC News. Archived from the original on August 4, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  183. Fox, Lauren (February 21, 2018). "Congress wonders if this time will be different for gun control". CNN. Archived from the original on July 11, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  184. Schallhorn, Kaitlyn (February 19, 2018). "Florida shooting sparks reactions from Republican senators on gun control". Fox News Channel. Archived from the original on July 11, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  185. "Transcript". State of the Union. CNN. February 18, 2018. Archived from the original on August 10, 2018. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  186. Turkewitz, Julie; Hartocollis, Anemona (February 20, 2018). "Highlights: Students Call for Action Across Nation; Florida Lawmakers Fail to Take Up Assault Rifle Bill". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 21, 2018. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  187. Mast, Brian (February 23, 2018). "I Appreciate Assault Weapons. And I Support a Ban". The New York Times. New York City. Archived from the original on July 10, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  188. Leary, Alex (February 24, 2018). "Republican, veteran and gun rights supporter Brian Mast says assault weapons should be banned". Tampa Bay Times. Archived from the original on July 11, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018. Congressman Brian Mast, R-Palm City, has as much authority on guns as anyone, having served in the Army and losing both legs in Afghanistan. He says assault weapons such as the AR-15 should be banned. "I cannot support the primary weapon I used to defend our people being used to kill children I swore to defend," Mast, who represents a swing district and faces a tough re-election, writes in an op/ed for the New York Times.
  189. Chivers, C. J.; Buchanan, Larry; Lu, Denise; Yourish, Karen (February 28, 2018). "With AR-15s, Mass Shooters Attack With the Rifle Firepower Typically Used by Infantry Troops". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 10, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018. Representative Brian Mast of Florida, a Republican and an Army combat veteran, has called for a ban on the sale of AR-15-style rifles. "The exact definition of assault weapon will need to be determined," Mr. Mast said. "But we should all be able to agree that the civilian version of the very deadly weapon that the Army issued to me should certainly qualify."
  190. Fisher, Marc (February 15, 2018). "The AR-15: 'America's rifle' or illegitimate killing machine?". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018. I have hunted all my life," Sen. Bill Nelson (D-Fla.) said on the Senate floor Thursday. "But an AR-15 is not for hunting. It's for killing.
  191. "'An AR-15 Is for Killing': Sen. Nelson Hopes FL Shooting Is the 'Turning Point' on Gun Control". Fox News Channel. February 16, 2018. Archived from the original on July 30, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018. "I have hunted all my life. I still hunt with my son. But an AR-15 is not for hunting. It's for killing," Nelson said during an appearance in Parkland Friday morning.
  192. Burns, Alexander (February 17, 2018). "Prominent Republican Donor Issues Ultimatum on Assault Weapons". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 17, 2018. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
  193. Silva, Daniella. "Sheriff in Florida shooting calls for power to detain over social media". NBC News. Archived from the original on February 16, 2018. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
  194. Rossman, Sean. "'We're children. You guys are the adults': Shooting survivor, 17, calls out lawmakers". USA Today. Archived from the original on February 15, 2018. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
  195. Ebbs, Stephanie. "Survivors of Florida high school shooting call for action on gun control". ABC News. Archived from the original on February 16, 2018. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
  196. Bailey, Chelsea (February 17, 2018). "At rally, Parkland shooting survivors rail against gun laws, NRA and Trump". NBC News. Archived from the original on May 16, 2019. Retrieved February 18, 2018.
  197. Iasimone, Ashley (February 17, 2018). "Artists React to Florida School Shooting Survivor's Powerful Speech at Gun Control Rally". Billboard. Archived from the original on February 18, 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2018.
  198. Hayes, Christal (February 17, 2018). "Emma Gonzalez survived the Florida shooting. Now she's taking on Trump and the NRA". USA Today. Archived from the original on February 18, 2018. Retrieved February 19, 2018. ...passionate speech at an anti-gun rally...
  199. "Florida high school shooting suspect confesses to 17 counts of murder". Tallahassee, Florida: WTXL-TV. Associated Press. Archived from the original on March 21, 2018. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
  200. "Roosevelt grad Robert Runcie leads Florida district after shooting". Poughkeepsie Journal. Poughkeepsie, New York. February 15, 2018. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
  201. Cassidy, John (February 16, 2018). "What Does Donald Trump Have to Say to the Parkland Parent Lori Alhadeff?". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on March 13, 2018. Retrieved March 13, 2018. ...So far, the reaction to the shooting from the White House and congressional Republicans has been predictably pathetic...
  202. Lowery, Wesley (February 17, 2018). "'No more guns!': Florida students rally to denounce political inaction after 17 killed in school shooting". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 20, 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2018.
  203. "Turning Anger into Activism: School Shooting Victims Say 'Never Again'". Miami, Florida: WFOR-TV. February 18, 2018. Archived from the original on November 5, 2020. Retrieved February 18, 2018.
  204. Hughes, Roland (February 25, 2018). "Florida school shooting: Where do US protests go from here?". BBC News. Archived from the original on March 1, 2018. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
  205. "Students Who Survived Florida Shooting Want Politicians To Know They're Angry". All Things Considered. NPR. February 16, 2018. Archived from the original on February 18, 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2018.
  206. Burch, Audra D. S.; Mazzei, Patricia; Healy, Jack (February 16, 2018). "A 'Mass Shooting Generation' Cries Out for Change". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 20, 2020. Retrieved February 18, 2018.
  207. Chavez, Nicole (February 18, 2018). "Florida school shooting survivors turn grief into action". CNN. Archived from the original on April 5, 2019. Retrieved February 18, 2018.
  208. Witt, Emily (February 19, 2018). "How the Survivors of Parkland Began the Never Again Movement". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on February 25, 2018. Retrieved February 20, 2018.
  209. Gomez, Isabella; Jackson, Amanda. "Women's March organizers are planning a national student walkout to protest gun violence". CNN. Archived from the original on February 19, 2018. Retrieved February 19, 2018.
  210. "ENOUGH: National School Walkout". The Action Network. Archived from the original on December 30, 2020. Retrieved February 19, 2018.
  211. "Rising Up From Parkland: 5 Inspirational Stories". Boca Life Magazine. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
  212. Cooper, Kelly-Leigh (February 18, 2018). "In Florida aftermath, US students say 'Never Again'". BBC. Archived from the original on February 18, 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2018.
  213. "March for Our Lives". Archived from the original on January 21, 2021. Retrieved February 18, 2018.
  214. Lam, Katherine (February 18, 2018). "Florida school shooting survivors plan march demanding end to gun violence". Fox News Channel. Archived from the original on August 11, 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2018.
  215. Lithwick, Dahlia. "A Nationwide Teacher Walkout Could Shake Us Out of Our Mass Shooting Stupor". Slate. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved February 19, 2018.
  216. Gray, Sarah (March 12, 2018). "Here Are the Student Protests Planned After the Florida School Shooting". Time. Archived from the original on March 13, 2018. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
  217. Lavoie, Denise (March 11, 2018). "Schools brace for massive student walkouts over gun violence". PBS NewsHour. Associated Press. Archived from the original on March 11, 2018. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
  218. Sanchez, Ray; Boyette, Chris; McLaughlin, Eliott C. (February 21, 2018). "Florida Legislature rejects weapons ban with massacre survivors en route to Capitol". CNN. Archived from the original on February 21, 2018. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
  219. Alhadeff, Lori (March 22, 2018). "My daughter died at Parkland. It's now my job to be her voice". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 27, 2018. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
  220. Smiley, David (May 30, 2018). "Parkland parents launch a Super PAC to go after politicians and the NRA". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on May 30, 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
  221. Huriash, Lisa (May 30, 2018). "Parkland parents set up PAC to take on NRA". Sun Sentinel. Archived from the original on May 31, 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
  222. "Families vs Assault Rifles PAC". Archived from the original on December 13, 2018. Retrieved December 15, 2018.
  223. Schweers, Jeffrey (March 9, 2018). "NRA sues Florida over gun bill same day Gov. Scott signed it into law". Tallahassee Democrat. Tallahassee, Florida. Archived from the original on March 9, 2018. Retrieved March 10, 2018.
  224. Judge Dismisses NRA Suit Challenging Florida Gun Law Archived November 1, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, Courthouse News Service (June 24, 2021).
  225. "NRA v. Bondi Initial Appellate Opinion" (PDF). CourtListener. March 9, 2023. Retrieved July 22, 2023.
  226. "NRA v. Bondi Mandate Withheld" (PDF). CourtListener. March 9, 2023. Retrieved July 22, 2023.
  227. "NRA v. Bondi En Banc Rehearing Petition Granted" (PDF). CourtListener. July 14, 2023. Retrieved July 22, 2023.
  228. Liptak, Kevin; Shortell, David (February 21, 2018). "Trump moves to ban bump stocks". CNN. Archived from the original on July 14, 2018. Retrieved July 12, 2018. President Donald Trump said on Tuesday that he directed his attorney general to propose changes that would ban bump fire stocks, which make it easier to fire rounds more quickly.
  229. Donnelly, Grace (February 21, 2018). "What You Need to Know About Bump Stock Gun Accessories". Fortune. Archived from the original on July 14, 2018. Retrieved July 12, 2018. On Tuesday, President Trump ordered the Justice Department to issue regulations that would ban bump stocks, after pressure to do more to curtail access to deadly weapons following the Florida shooting.
  230. "Highlights from the omnibus spending bill". Tucson, Arizona: KOLD-TV. March 23, 2018. Archived from the original on March 25, 2018. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
  231. Man, Anthony (March 14, 2018). "U.S. House easily approves bill to reduce school violence". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on April 2, 2018. Retrieved April 1, 2018.
  232. "Transcript: Parkland student activists on "Face the Nation," March 25, 2018". CBS News. March 25, 2018. Archived from the original on March 31, 2018. Retrieved April 1, 2018.
  233. Lin, Tom C. W., Incorporating Social Activism Archived February 1, 2021, at the Wayback Machine (December 1, 2018). 98 Boston University Law Review 1535 (2018)
  234. Hsu, Tiffany (February 27, 2018). "Big and Small, N.R.A. Boycott Efforts Come Together in Gun Debate". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 28, 2018. Retrieved March 1, 2018.
  235. Levin, Bess. "Corporate America Second-Guessing Association with Mass Murder". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on February 24, 2018. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
  236. Meyer, David (February 23, 2018). "Companies Are Starting to Back Away From the Gun Industry and NRA". Fortune. Archived from the original on February 24, 2018. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
  237. Held, Amy (February 23, 2018). "One By One, Companies Cut Ties With The NRA". NPR. Archived from the original on February 24, 2018. Retrieved February 25, 2018.
  238. Allen, Greg (April 10, 2018). "Fund For Victims Of Parkland Shooting Reaches $7.5 Million". NPR. Archived from the original on April 11, 2018. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
  239. scottjbeigel (July 31, 2016). "Home". Scott J Beigel Memorial Fund. Archived from the original on November 10, 2021. Retrieved June 8, 2021.
  240. Stone, Carly. "Camp Fiver honors Scott J. Beigel Memorial Fund for sponsoring camperships and ongoing support". Oneida Dispatch. Archived from the original on June 8, 2021. Retrieved June 8, 2021.
  241. Fox, Jill (February 9, 2021). "Virtual 'Run 4 Beigel' Raises Scholarship Funds for Late Marjory Stoneman Douglas Teacher - Parkland Talk". parklandtalk.com. Archived from the original on June 8, 2021. Retrieved June 8, 2021.
  242. Wilson, Christopher (February 21, 2018). "The 'crisis actors' lie spreads in wake of Florida shooting". Yahoo! News. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  243. Andrews, Travis M.; Schmidt, Samantha (February 21, 2018). "'I am not a crisis actor': Florida teens fire back at right-wing conspiracy theorists". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 10, 2021. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
  244. Grynbaum, Michael M. (February 20, 2018). "Right-Wing Media Uses Parkland Shooting as Conspiracy Fodder". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 22, 2018. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
  245. Strachan, Maxwell (February 21, 2018). "A Conspiracy Theory About A Stoneman Douglas Student Reaches No. 1 on YouTube". Yahoo! News. Archived from the original on September 3, 2020. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  246. "YouTube Will Link Directly to Wikipedia to Fight Conspiracy Theories". Wired. Archived from the original on August 3, 2019. Retrieved July 31, 2019 – via www.wired.com.
  247. Prusher, Ilene (February 15, 2018). "A Student Started Filming During the Florida School Shooting. He Hasn't Stopped". Time. Archived from the original on April 21, 2019. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  248. Andone, Dakin (February 18, 2018). "Student journalist interviewed classmates as shooter walked Parkland school halls". CNN. Archived from the original on March 8, 2018. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  249. Papenfuss, Mary (February 16, 2018). "Russia-Linked Accounts Exploit Parkland Shooting on Twitter, Analysts Say". HuffPost. Archived from the original on February 16, 2018.
  250. Griffith, Erin (February 15, 2018). "Pro-Gun Russian Bots Flood Twitter After Parkland Shooting". Wired. Archived from the original on February 16, 2018. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
  251. Applebaum, Anne. "After the Parkland shooting, pro-Russian bots are pushing false-flag allegations again". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 17, 2018. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
  252. Sit, Ryan (April 2, 2018). "Russian Bots Defend Fox News Pundit Laura Ingraham as Advertisers Leave Following David Hogg Tweet". Newsweek. Archived from the original on April 6, 2018. Retrieved April 7, 2018.
  253. Erickson, Amanda (April 2, 2018). "Russian bots are tweeting their support of embattled Fox News host Laura Ingraham". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on April 7, 2018. Retrieved April 7, 2018.
  254. Holan, Angie Drobnic; Sherman, Amy (December 11, 2018). "PolitiFact's Lie of the Year: Online smear machine tries to take down Parkland students". PolitiFact. Archived from the original on December 11, 2018. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
  255. Wong, Herman (February 28, 2018). "His daughter was killed in Parkland. He's begging President Trump to protect those who survived". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 28, 2018. Retrieved February 28, 2018.
  256. Timberg, Craig; Dwoskin, Elizabeth; Ohlheiser, Abby; Tran, Andrew Ba (February 21, 2018). "How a survivor of the Florida school shooting became the victim of an online conspiracy". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 27, 2018. Retrieved February 28, 2018.
  257. Shamsian, Jacob (February 23, 2018). "Florida school shooting: Teenage survivor says he's quitting Facebook because of death threats from 'NRA cultists'". The Independent. Archived from the original on March 29, 2018. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
  258. Paul LeBlanc (January 28, 2021). "Video surfaces of Marjorie Taylor Greene confronting Parkland shooting survivor with baseless claims". CNN. Archived from the original on January 28, 2021. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  259. Jones, Ja'han (January 28, 2021). "David Hogg Responds To Resurfaced Footage Of Marjorie Taylor Greene Berating Him". HuffPost. Archived from the original on January 28, 2021. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  260. Gonzalez, Oriana (January 28, 2021). "David Hogg: "I absolutely remember" Marjorie Taylor Greene harassment". Axios. Archived from the original on January 28, 2021. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.