Patricia Thiel

Patricia Ann Thiel (February 20, 1953 – September 7, 2020) was an American chemist and materials scientist who served as a distinguished professor of chemistry at Iowa State University. She was known for her research on atomic-scale structures and processes on solid surfaces.[1]

Patricia A. Thiel
Head of Thiel in her sixties smiling in an outdoor setting.
Patricia Thiel in Ames, Iowa (June 2020) Photo courtesy of Ellen R. Thiel
Born(1953-02-20)February 20, 1953
Adrian, Minnesota, US
DiedSeptember 7, 2020(2020-09-07) (aged 67)
NationalityAmerican
Alma mater
Known for
Pioneering research on atomic-scale structures and processes on solid surfaces
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsChemistry (physical chemistry), materials science
Institutions
Doctoral advisorW. Henry Weinberg
Other academic advisorsGerhard Ertl

Early life and education

Thiel was raised on a farm in southwest Minnesota, near her birthplace of Adrian, Minnesota. Her parents grew up in immigrant farm families and each had completed an eighth grade education. Thiel herself attended a private elementary school nearby her farm in Lismore, Minnesota, for grades 1-8 and public high school in Adrian, Minnesota for grades 9-12. Support from the National Merit Scholarship Program enabled her to attend Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, where she was inspired by her freshman chemistry course and its instructor, Prof. Emil Slowinski [2] to major in chemistry. She completed a BA in chemistry with a minor in mathematics in 1975. After working for a year at Control Data Corporation as an analytic chemist, she enrolled in the chemistry department at the California Institute of Technology, with financial support from a National Science Foundation Predoctoral Fellowship. She completed a PhD in chemistry in 1981 under the supervision of W. Henry Weinberg.[3][4][5]

Career

Thiel's first appointment after graduation was as an Alexander von Humboldt Fellow at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, where she worked in the research group of Gerhard Ertl, who later went on to receive the 2007 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. In 1982 she joined the technical staff of Sandia National Laboratories in Livermore, California, and, after a brief stint as a visiting professor in the physics department of the University of California, Berkeley, joined the chemistry department faculty of Iowa State University in 1983, with a simultaneous appointment as staff scientist with the US Department of Energy's Ames Laboratory[5] She was subsequently promoted to the ranks of associate professor (1988), full professor (1991) and distinguished professor (2001). She received an additional appointment as professor of materials science and engineering in 2012. Throughout this time period she received outstanding teaching awards,[6] and held several administrative posts, including program director for materials chemistry (Ames Laboratory; 1988–2004), chief research officer (Ames Laboratory; 2008–2009) and chair of the Iowa State Chemistry Department (1999-2002). Thiel was an associate editor of The Journal of Chemical Physics (2013–2020).[7] She attended the Nobel Prize ceremony on December 10, 2011, where Dan Shechtman received the 2011 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of quasicrystals.[8]

Research

Thiel's research elucidated atomic-scale structures and processes on solid surfaces, in areas relevant to microelectronics, tribology, heterogeneous catalysis, and nanoscience. She published over 300 research papers, which have been cited about 12,000 times, effective 2019. She is especially known for work in the following three areas.

Surfaces of quasicrystals

Thiel's research group pioneered studies of nucleation and growth of metal films on quasicrystal surfaces, demonstrating that local pseudomorphic growth, including starfish-shaped formations, can occur at very specific nucleation sites.[9][10] Focusing on metallic, aluminum-rich quasicrystals, Thiel and her collaborators extensively explored how quasicrystal atomic-scale surface structures were related to their unusual surface properties, including low friction, low adhesion, and good oxidation resistance.[11][12][13][14]

Interaction of water with metal surfaces

Thiel's Ph.D. research described evidence for hydrogen bonding between water molecules on a ruthenium surface. She continued her research on water as a faculty member at Iowa State University, and discovered that desorption kinetics of water can exhibit a measurable isotope effect.[15][16] She was credited with being the first to propose that bilayers of water near solid surfaces could possess a structure similar to the basal plane of Ice Ih.[17] She was the co-author, along with Theodore E. Madey, of a highly cited and comprehensive review article describing the interactions and properties of water near solid surfaces.[18][19]

Nucleation, growth, and coarsening of metal nanostructures on surfaces

Thiel's group was credited with discovering that large two-dimensional islands of metal adatom clusters can have significant room temperature mobility on metal substrates,[20][21][22] and that, contrary to what had usually been assumed, this can be the main route to coarsening (an evolution to larger sizes and fewer numbers) of these clusters.[23][24] She and James W. Evans are responsible for first describing an atomic-scale mechanism for metal film growth, which they dubbed ‘downward funneling’.[25][26] Because of this mechanism, they predicted an unusual variation in film roughness with temperature from theory, and eventually confirmed it experimentally using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy.[27][28] This is now accepted as an important mechanism that affects thin film morphology upon growth at low temperature.[29]

More recently, her group discovered a series of naturally-occurring metal-sulfur complexes with distinct stoichiometries, which may influence stability of larger metallic features by assisting surface metal transport and hence coarsening. She was highlighted for this work in the Journal of Physical Chemistry's virtual issue highlighting 66 women in honor of Marie Curie's 150th birthday.[30][31][32] She and her collaborators also discovered that metallic nanoparticles can be grown as encapsulated clusters near the surface of a layered material, graphite, if specific growth conditions are met.[33][34] Applying a continuum elasticity model, they developed insight into the reasons for the low, flattened shapes (high aspect ratios) of these embedded particles, and a prediction that the shape of encapsulated metal islands should be universal (size-independent).[35]

Awards and honors

Personal life

Thiel was born on February 20, 1953, in Adrian, Minnesota. She married James William Evans, an Australian-born physicist, in 1988. They have two daughters, both engineers.[3] Thiel died of undetected breast cancer on September 7, 2020, at her home surrounded by her husband and daughters.[52]

References
  1. "Patricia A Thiel". Iowa State University, Department of Chemistry. Retrieved 2019-12-02.
  2. Tim Harlow (2015-11-05). "Obituary:Emil Slowinski wrote the book on chemistry". Star Tribune. Retrieved 2019-12-02.
  3. "2014 Medard Welch Award - Interview". Archived from the original on 2020-08-15. Retrieved 2019-12-02.
  4. "MSE Faculty and Staff - Patricia Ann Thiel". Retrieved 2019-12-02.
  5. "Biography: Patricia A. Thiel". AVS. Archived from the original on 2020-09-24. Retrieved 2019-12-02.
  6. "Winter, Thiel receive Cassling Family Faculty Awards for outstanding teaching". Retrieved 2020-01-01.
  7. "The Journal of Chemical Physics - Editorial Board". The Journal of Chemical Physics. Retrieved 2019-12-02.
  8. "Pat Thiel talks about attending the Nobel Prize ceremony". Archived from the original on 2015-08-04. Retrieved 2019-12-02.
  9. Cai, T.; Ledieu, J.; McGrath, R.; Fournée, V.; Lograsso, T.A.; Ross, A; Thiel, P. A. (2003). "Pseudomorphic starfish: Nucleation of extrinsic metal atoms on a quasicrystalline substrate". Surf. Sci. 526 (1–2): 115–120. Bibcode:2003SurSc.526..115C. doi:10.1016/S0039-6028(02)02593-1.
  10. Sharma, H.R.; Shimoda, M.; Tsai, A.P. (2007). "Quasicrystal surfaces:structure and growth of atomic overlayers". Advances in Physics. 53 (3): 403–464. Bibcode:2007AdPhy..56..403S. doi:10.1080/00018730701269773. S2CID 120873116.
  11. Park, J. Y.; Ogletree, D. F.; Salmeron, M.; Ribeiro, R. A.; Canfield, P. C.; Jenks, C. J.; Thiel, P. A. (2005). "High frictional anisotropy of periodic and aperiodic directions on a quasicrystal surface" (PDF). Science. 309 (5739): 1354–1356. Bibcode:2005Sci...309.1354P. doi:10.1126/science.1113239. PMID 16123295. S2CID 20967375. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-03-16.
  12. Macia, Enrique (2006). "The role of aperiodic order in science and technology". Reports on Progress in Physics. 69 (2): 397–441. Bibcode:2006RPPh...69..397M. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/69/2/R03. S2CID 120125675.
  13. McGrath, R.; Ledieu, J.; Cox, E.J.; Diehl, R.D. (2002). "Quasicrystal surfaces: structure and potential as templates". J. Phys.: Condens. Matter. 14 (4): R119–R144. doi:10.1088/0953-8984/14/4/201. S2CID 250871398.
  14. Krim, J. (2012). "Friction and energy dissipation mechanisms in adsorbed molecules and molecularly thin films". Advances in Physics. 61 (3): 155–323. Bibcode:2012AdPhy..61..155K. doi:10.1080/00018732.2012.706401. S2CID 218647448.
  15. Thiel, P. A.; Hoffmann, F. M.; Weinberg, W. H. (1981). "Monolayer and multilayer adsorption of water on Ru(001)". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 75 (11): 5556–5572. Bibcode:1981JChPh..75.5556T. doi:10.1063/1.441960. ISSN 0021-9606.
  16. Doering, Dale.L.; Madey, Theodore E. (2002). "The adsorption of water on clean and oxygen-dosed Ru(001)". Surface Science. 123 (2–3): 305–337. doi:10.1016/0039-6028(82)90331-4.
  17. Henderson, Michael A. (2002). "The interaction of water with solid surfaces: fundamental aspects revisted". Surface Science Reports. 46 (1–8): 1–308. Bibcode:2002SurSR..46....1H. doi:10.1016/S0167-5729(01)00020-6.
  18. Thiel, Patricia A.; Madey, Theodore E. (1987). "The interaction of water with solid surfaces: Fundamental aspects". Surface Science Reports. 7 (6–8): 211–385. Bibcode:1987SurSR...7..211T. doi:10.1016/0167-5729(87)90001-X. ISSN 0167-5729.
  19. Hodgson, A.; Haq, S. (2009). "Water adsorption and the wetting of metal surfaces". Surface Science Reports. 64 (9): 381–451. Bibcode:2009SurSR..64..381H. doi:10.1016/j.surfrep.2009.07.001.
  20. Ala-Nissila, T.; Ferrando, R.; Ying, S.C. (2002). "Collective and single particle diffusion on surfaces". Advances in Physics. 51 (3): 949–1078. Bibcode:2002AdPhy..51..949A. doi:10.1080/00018730110107902. S2CID 103078504.
  21. Zhang, Zhenyu; Lagally, Max G. (1997). "Atomistic processes in the Early Stages of Thin-Film Growth". Science. 276 (5311): 377–383. doi:10.1126/science.276.5311.377. PMID 9103189.
  22. Wen, J. -M.; Chang, S. -L.; Burnett, J. W.; Evans, J. W.; Thiel, P. A. (1994). "Diffusion of Large Two-Dimensional Ag Clusters on Ag(100)". Physical Review Letters. 73 (19): 2591–2594. Bibcode:1994PhRvL..73.2591W. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.2591. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 10057099.
  23. Jensen, Pablo (1999). "Growth of nanostructure by cluster deposition: Experiments and simple models". Reviews of Modern Physics. 71 (5): 1695–1736. arXiv:cond-mat/9903141. Bibcode:1999RvMP...71.1695J. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.71.1695. S2CID 119440413.
  24. Wen, J.-M.; Evans, J. W.; Bartelt, M. C.; Burnett, J. W.; Thiel, P. A. (1996). "Coarsening Mechanisms in a Metal Film: From Cluster Diffusion to Vacancy Ripening". Physical Review Letters. 76 (4): 652–655. Bibcode:1996PhRvL..76..652W. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.652. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 10061513.
  25. Evans, J. W.; Sanders, D. E.; Thiel, P. A.; DePristo, Andrew E. (1990). "Low-temperature epitaxial growth of thin metal films". Physical Review B. 41 (8): 5410–5413. Bibcode:1990PhRvB..41.5410E. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.41.5410. ISSN 0163-1829. PMID 9994410.
  26. Lapujoulade, Jean (1994). "The roughening of metal surfaces". Surface Science Reports. 20 (4): 191–249. Bibcode:1994SurSR..20..195L. doi:10.1016/0167-5729(94)90004-3.
  27. Stoldt, C. R.; Caspersen, K. J.; Bartelt, M. C.; Jenks, C. J.; Evans, J. W.; Thiel, P. A. (2000). "Using Temperature to Tune Film Roughness: Nonintuitive Behavior in a Simple System". Physical Review Letters. 85 (4): 800–803. Bibcode:2000PhRvL..85..800S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.800. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 10991402.
  28. Voter, Arthur F.; Montalenti, Francesco; Germann, Timothy C. (2002). "Extending the Time Scale in Atomistic Simulation of Materials". Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 32: 321–346. doi:10.1146/annurev.matsci.32.112601.141541.
  29. Evans, J.W.; Thiel, P.A.; Bartelt, M.C. (2006). "Morphological evolution during epitaxial thin film growth: Formation of 2D islands and 3D mounds". Surface Science Reports. 61 (1–2): 1–128. Bibcode:2006SurSR..61....1E. doi:10.1016/j.surfrep.2005.08.004. ISSN 0167-5729.
  30. Schatz, G.C.; McCoy, A.B.; Shea, J.E.; Murphy, C.J.; Scholes, G.D. (2017). "Virtual Issue in Honor of the 150th Birthday of Marie Curie: Highlighting Female Physical Chemists". J. Phys. Chem. B. 121 (43): 9983–9985. doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b09653. PMID 29092405.
  31. Thiel, Patricia A.; Shen, Mingmin; Liu, Da-Jiang; Evans, J. W. (2009). "Coarsening of Two-Dimensional Nanoclusters on Metal Surfaces". The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 113 (13): 5047–5067. doi:10.1021/jp8063849. ISSN 1932-7447.
  32. Walen, Holly; Liu, Da-Jiang; Oh, Junepyo; Lim, Hyunseob; Evans, J. W.; Aikens, Christine M.; Kim, Yousoo; Thiel, P. A. (2015). "Cu2S3complex on Cu(111) as a candidate for mass transport enhancement". Physical Review B. 91 (4): 045426. Bibcode:2015PhRvB..91d5426W. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.91.045426. ISSN 1098-0121.
  33. Zhou, Yinghui; Lii-Rosales, Ann; Kim, Minsung; Wallingford, Mark; Jing, Dapeng; Tringides, Michael C.; Wang, Cai-Zhuang; Thiel, Patricia A. (2018). "Defect-mediated, thermally-activated encapsulation of metals at the surface of graphite". Carbon. 127: 305–311. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2017.10.103. ISSN 0008-6223. OSTI 1411949.
  34. Lii-Rosales, Ann; Han, Yong; Evans, James W.; Jing, Dapeng; Zhou, Yinghui; Tringides, Michael C.; Kim, Minsung; Wang, Cai-Zhuang; Thiel, Patricia A. (2018). "Formation of Multilayer Cu Islands Embedded beneath the Surface of Graphite: Characterization and Fundamental Insights". The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 122 (8): 4454–4469. doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b12533. ISSN 1932-7447. OSTI 1422772.
  35. Julien, Scott E.; Lii-Rosales, Ann; Wan, Kai-Tak; Han, Yong; Tringides, Michael C.; Evans, James W.; Thiel, Patricia A. (2019). "Squeezed nanocrystals: equilibrium configuration of metal clusters embedded beneath the surface of a layered material". Nanoscale. 11 (13): 6445–6452. doi:10.1039/C8NR10549A. ISSN 2040-3364. PMID 30888382.
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