PeerTube

PeerTube is a free and open-source, decentralized, ActivityPub federated video platform powered by WebTorrent, that uses peer-to-peer technology to reduce load on individual servers when viewing videos.

PeerTube
Developer(s)Framasoft
Initial release11 October 2018 (2018-10-11)
Stable release
5.2.1[1] Edit this on Wikidata / 30 August 2023 (30 August 2023)
Repositorygithub.com/Chocobozzz/PeerTube
Written inTypeScript, HTML, CSS, SQL
Operating systemUnix-like
PlatformWeb
Size2.49 MB (tar.xz), 30.70 MB (zip)
Available in28 languages[2]
LicenseAGPLv3+[3]
Websitejoinpeertube.org

Started in 2017 by a programmer known as Chocobozzz, development of PeerTube is now supported by the French non-profit Framasoft.[4] The aim is to provide an alternative to centralized platforms such as YouTube, Vimeo, and Dailymotion.

As an ActivityPub platform, it is part of the federated network known as the Fediverse.

Operation

Each PeerTube instance provides a website to browse and watch videos, and is by default independent from others in terms of appearance, features and rules.

Several instances, with common rules (e.g. allowing for similar content, requiring registration) can form federations, where they follow one's videos, even though each video is stored only by the instance that published it.[5] Federations are independent from each other[6][7] and asymmetrical: one instance can follow another to display their videos without them having to do the same. Instances' administrators can each choose to mirror individual videos or whole friend instances, creating an incentive to build communities of shared bandwidth.

Videos are made available via HTTP to download, but playback favors a peer-to-peer playback using HLS and WebTorrent. Users connected to the platform act as relay points that send pieces of video to other users,[8] lessening the bandwidth of each to the server and thus allowing smaller hardware to operate at a lower cost.

Origins and history
Sepia, PeerTube's mascot

PeerTube was created by a web developer known as Chocobozzz as a peer-to-peer alternative to YouTube, utilizing the WebTorrent protocol to share videos.[9] He was contacted in 2017 by Framasoft, which had a campaign called Contributopia,[10] the goal of which is to create alternatives to centralized platforms. In order to support him and his work, notably on improving the design and usability, Framasoft hired the developer.

In 2018, Framasoft launched a crowdfunding on KissKissBankBank which raised €53,100 — more than double the initial goal of €20,000.[11][4]

The first beta of PeerTube was released in March 2018[12] and the first stable version in October 2018. In June 2018, only a few months after the first beta, 113 instances[13] are publicly available on the web that together host more than 10,000 videos.[14][15]

In June 2018, as a result of its videos disappearing amid changes regarding the monetization of YouTube channels, the Blender Foundation began experimenting with hosting a PeerTube instance to distribute copies of the foundation's videos.[16]

In May 2020, Framasoft published a roadmap of the software for the later half of the year and created a fundraising campaign requiring €60,000 for aiding the development.[17] Five months later (on October 2020), PeerTube announced that they reached their fundraising goal of €60,000 after a €10,000 donation from Debian.[18][19] Throughout the later half of 2020, PeerTube has added features such as global search, improved playlists, and more moderation tools.

End 2020, the meta-search engine Sepia Search was launched by Framasoft, allowing a global search on all PeerTube instances at once. To-date (2021) Sepia Search totalises close to 800 individual instances.

In January 2021, Framasoft announced the release of PeerTube v3.0 with the help of the successful fundraising campaign.[20] The release highlighted peer-to-peer live streaming as the major feature of the release.

On April, the 28th of 2022, the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) launched the official ActivityPub video platform EU Video of the EU institutions, bodies and agencies (EUIs), based on PeerTube.[21]

Technology

PeerTube uses WebTorrent technology. Each server hosts a torrent tracker and each web browser viewing a video also shares it. This allows to share the load between the server itself and the clients as well as the bandwidth used through P2P technology.

The system works via a federation of instances run by independent entities. Each PeerTube server can host any number of videos by itself, and can additionally federate with other servers to let users watch their videos in the same user interface. This federation permits collectively hosting a large number of videos in a unified platform, without having to build an infrastructure comparable to that of the web giants. Each server is operated by and stays under the sole administration of a distinct entity.

PeerTube uses the ActivityPub protocol in order to allow decentralization and compatibility with other fediverse services, which can prevent vendor lock-in and makes it more resilient against censorship.[16][22]

The software relies on the PostgreSQL DBMS.

Unofficial PeerTube video playback integrations exist for popular platforms like Reddit[23] and Kodi.[24]

See also

References
  1. Error: Unable to display the reference properly. See the documentation for details.
  2. "Framasoft's Weblate PeerTube Project". weblate.framasoft.org. Archived from the original on 2021-01-22. Retrieved 2021-02-07.
  3. "Federated (ActivityPub) video streaming platform using P2P (BitTorrent) directly in the web browser with WebTorrent and Angular.: Chocobozzz/PeerTube". June 30, 2019. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved June 19, 2018 – via GitHub.
  4. Framasoft, Association (2018-10-15). "PeerTube 1.0: the free/libre and federated video platform". Framablog. Archived from the original on 2018-10-17. Retrieved 2019-05-23.
  5. Kwet, Michael. "To fix social media, we need to introduce digital socialism". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 2022-04-07. Retrieved 2022-04-28.
  6. Noisette, Thierry (2018-07-23). "PeerTube : l'hébergement libre de vidéos est sur les rails". ZDNet France (in French). Archived from the original on 2019-05-31. Retrieved 2019-06-25.
  7. Lion, Bastien (2018-07-09). "PeerTube, le « YouTube décentralisé », réussit son financement participatif". Le Monde (in French). Archived from the original on 2021-03-06. Retrieved 2019-06-25.
  8. Verge, Pauline (2018-03-30). "PeerTube, une tentative d'alternative française et décentralisée à YouTube". Le Figaro (in French). Archived from the original on 2018-03-30. Retrieved 2019-06-25.
  9. "PeerTube, une tentative d'alternative française et décentralisée à YouTube". FIGARO. March 30, 2018. Archived from the original on March 30, 2018. Retrieved June 21, 2018.
  10. Framasoft, Association (October 9, 2017). "Contributopia : dégoogliser ne suffit pas". Framablog. Archived from the original on July 9, 2018. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
  11. KissKissBankBank. "PeerTube, a free and federated video platform". KissKissBankBank. Archived from the original on 2018-06-24. Retrieved 2019-05-23.
  12. "PeerTube : le « YouTube décentralisé » passe en bêta publique". www.nextinpact.com. March 27, 2018. Archived from the original on June 21, 2018. Retrieved June 21, 2018.
  13. "Après YouTube… PeerTube ? Déjà des centaines d'instances !". www.linformaticien.com. Archived from the original on 2018-06-21. Retrieved 2018-06-21.
  14. "PeerTube instances". instances.joinpeertube.org. Archived from the original on 2018-05-28. Retrieved 2019-05-23.
  15. "PeerTube(LIVE)". peertube.live. Archived from the original on 2019-03-29. Retrieved 2019-05-23.
  16. Foundation, Blender. "YouTube Blocks Blender Videos Worldwide". blender.org. Archived from the original on 2018-06-24. Retrieved 2018-06-21.
  17. "Our plans for PeerTube v3 : progressive fundraising, live streaming coming next fall". Framablog. 26 May 2020. Archived from the original on 2021-01-10. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
  18. "PeerTube (@peertube@framapiaf.org)". Framapiaf (in French). Archived from the original on 2020-10-26. Retrieved 2020-10-24.
  19. "Debian donation for PeerTube development - Bits from the Debian Project". Debian Project. October 21, 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-10-27. Retrieved 2020-10-31.
  20. "PeerTube v3: it's a live, a liiiiive!". Framablog. 7 January 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-01-10. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
  21. EDPS launches pilot phase of two social media platforms Archived 2022-05-22 at the Wayback Machine (press release).
  22. "PeerTube: A 'Censorship' Resistent(sic) YouTube Alternative". TorrentFreak. 2018-06-23. Archived from the original on 2018-07-04. Retrieved 2019-05-23.
  23. "Add peertube by aliceinwire · Pull Request #5065 · honestbleeps/Reddit-Enhancement-Suite". GitHub. Archived from the original on 2020-11-12. Retrieved 2019-05-23.
  24. "Cyrille Bollu / plugin.video.peertube". GitLab. Archived from the original on 2019-10-04. Retrieved 2019-05-23.
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