Penion mandarinus

Penion mandarinus, common name the mandarin penion, southern siphon whelk or Waite's buccinum whelk, is a species of medium-to-large predatory sea snail or whelk, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Buccinidae, the true whelks.[10]

Penion mandarinus
Penion mandarinus with eggs at Kennon Cove in Flinders
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Order: Neogastropoda
Family: Austrosiphonidae
Genus: Penion
Species:
P. mandarinus
Binomial name
Penion mandarinus
(Duclos, P.L., 1831)[1]
Synonyms
  • Berylsma grandis levifida Iredale, 1925[2]
  • Fusus grandis Gray, 1839[3]
  • Fusus mandarinus Duclos, 1832 (original combination)
  • Fusus pastinacea Reeve, 1848[4][5]
  • Fusus tasmaniensis Adams & Angas, 1864[6]
  • Fusus waitei Hedley, 1903[7]
  • Largisipho oligostira spectanda Iredale, 1929[8]
  • Penion sulcatus mandarinus (Duclos, 1832)
  • Siphonalia oligostira Tate, 1891[9]

Description

Penion mandarinus is a medium-to-large sized species of siphon whelk.[11][12] The species could be confused with the sympatric species P. maximus, however P. mandarinus is typically smaller and has a smoother shell with a shorter siphonal canal.[11]


Example shells

Distribution

This marine species is endemic to Australia (New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria).[11][12][13]

Evolution

Penion mandarinus is closely related to another Australian species P. maximus.[12][14] The species have overlapping geographic ranges (sympatry) and may have evolved from a common ancestor via niche differentiation based on prey size and water depth.[14]

Subspecies

These subspecies have been previously recognised:

  • Penion mandarinus mandarinus (Duclos, P.L., 1831)[11]
  • Penion mandarinus waitei (Hedley, 1903)

References
  1. Duclos, P.L. 1831. Title unknown. Magasin de Zoologie 1(2): pl. 8.
  2. Iredale, T. 1925. Mollusca from the continental shelf of eastern Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 14(4): 243-270.
  3. Gray, J.E. 1839. Molluscous Animals, and their shells. pp. 101-155, pls 33-44 in Beechey, F.W. (ed.). The Zoology of Captain Beechey's Voyage compiled from the collections and notes made by Captain Beechey, the officers and naturalist of the expedition, during a voyage to the Pacific and Behring's Straits performed in His Majesty's Ship Blossom under the command of Captain F. W. Beechey, R. N., F. R. S., &c. in the years 1825, 26, 27, and 28. London : H.G. Bohn.
  4. Reeve, L.A. 1848. Monograph of the genus Fusus. pls 15-21 in Reeve, L.A. (ed). Conchologia Iconica. London : L. Reeve & Co. Vol. 4.
  5. Reeve, L.A. 1847. Monograph of the genus Fusus. pls 1-14 in Reeve, L.A. (ed). Conchologia Iconica. London : L. Reeve & Co. Vol. 4.
  6. Adams, A. & Angas, G.F. 1864. Descriptions of new species from Australian seas, in the collection of George French Angas. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863(III): 418-428, pl. xxxvii
  7. Hedley, C. 1903. Scientific results of the trawling expedition of H.M.C.S. "Thetis" off the coast of New South Wales in February and March, 1898. Mollusca. Part II. Scaphopoda and Gastropoda. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 4(6): 325-402, pls 36-37.
  8. Iredale, T. 1929. Mollusca from the continental shelf of eastern Australia. No. 2. Records of the Australian Museum 17(4): 157-189, pls 38-41.
  9. Tate, R. 1891. Descriptions of new species of Australian Mollusca, recent and fossil. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 14: 257-265.
  10. Bouchet, P.; Marshall, B.; Rosenberg, G. (2015). Penion mandarinus (Duclos, 1832). In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=594351 on 2016-07-06
  11. Ponder, W.F. (1973). "A review of the Australian species of Penion Fischer (Neogastropoda: Buccinidae)". Journal of the Malacological Society of Australia. 2 (4): 401–428. doi:10.1080/00852988.1973.10673868.
  12. Vaux, Felix; Hills, Simon F.K.; Marshall, Bruce A.; Trewick, Steven A.; Morgan-Richards, Mary (2017). "A phylogeny of Southern Hemisphere whelks (Gastropoda: Buccinulidae) and concordance with the fossil record". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 114 (2017): 367–381. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.06.018. PMID 28669812.
  13. Wilson, B. 1994. Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods. Kallaroo, WA : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 2 370 pp.
  14. Vaux, Felix; Crampton, James S.C.; Trewick, Steven A.; Marshall, Bruce A.; Beu, Alan G.; Hills, Simon F.K.; Morgan-Richards, Mary (2018). "Evolutionary lineages of marine snails identified using molecular phylogenetics and geometric morphometric analysis of shells". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 127 (October 2018): 626–637. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.06.009. PMID 29913310. S2CID 49303166.
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