Ancylomenes magnificus

Ancylomenes magnificus, also known as the magnificent anemone shrimp,[2] is a species of cleaner shrimp common to the Western Pacific Ocean at depths of 3–29 metres (10–95 ft).[3] They are commonly found on stony coral, Catalaphyllia and the sea anemone, Dofleinia armata. [1]

Ancylomenes magnificus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca
Order: Decapoda
Suborder: Pleocyemata
Infraorder: Caridea
Family: Palaemonidae
Genus: Ancylomenes
Species:
A. magnificus
Binomial name
Ancylomenes magnificus
(Bruce, 1979)
Synonyms[1]

Periclimenes magnificus Bruce, 1979

Morphology

As an arthropod, A. magnificus, is segmented and bilaterally symmetrical.[4] The body of the shrimp contains a hard external skeleton, called an exoskeleton, made of chitin which periodically molts by a process called ecdysis.[4]

A. magnificus, has a compressed body composed of a cephalothorax, containing a head and a thorax attached to an elongated abdomen.[4] It has five pairs of pereiopods, two pair of antennae, a mandible, and three pairs of maxillipeds.[4]

Most of A. magnificus have a transparent body, except on the carapace and segments of the abdomen, which have bands of white specks outlined in red.[1] The tail and the hump on the abdomen are also white.[1]

Reproduction

As other shrimps in the family Palaemonidae, A. magnificus, are gonochoric species. After molting, the female's exoskeleton is soft.[5] During this time, the male is able to transfer a spermatophore to the female's exoskeleton.[5] This allows the female to produce a large amount of eggs, which she carries under her abdomen.[5][6]

The female carries the eggs until they hatch. The eggs hatch into larvae form and then go through a series of transformations to become adult shrimps.[5] A. magnificus grows up to 2.5 cm (1 in.) in size.[2]

Feeding and digestion

Shrimps are typically scavengers, feeding on detritus at the bottom of the ocean. Other shrimps are filter feeders, which allows them to eat small food particles.[4]

A. magnificus as part of the subphylum Crustacea, possesses a mouth to ingest food, which then passes through to be broken down by chitinous teeth that line the stomach.[4] The stomach is connected to digestive glands, which secrete enzymes that absorb the nutrients of the food. Lastly, the digestion ends in the anus.[4]

Relationship with its environment

As with many shrimps of the Infraorder Caridea, cleaner shrimps have shown a symbiotic relationships with sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, fish, and other species.[7][8] These relationships, in most cases, can be seen as mutualistic because cleaner shrimps provide their services, such as cleaning services[9] and nitrogen excretion,[10] while the other species provide the cleaner shrimp protection from predators and sometimes a food source.[11] In these types of relationships, both species work together to benefit one another. Some cleaner shrimps, like, A. magnificus, are relatively small and vulnerable to live by themselves, therefore, they need other organisms to live, such as sea anemones or stony corals.

References
  1. Okuno, J. & Bruce, A. J. (2010). "Designation of Ancylomenes gen. nov., for the 'Periclimenes aesopius species group' (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae), with the description of a new species and a checklist of congeneric species". Zootaxa. 2372: 85–105. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.11.
  2. Charpin, Florent. "Magnificent Anemone Shrimp". Florent's Guide to the Tropical Reefs. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
  3. Terrence M. Gosliner; David W. Behrens & Gary C. Williams (1996). Coral Reef Animals of the Indo-Pacific: Animal life from Africa to Hawai'i Exclusive of the Vertebrates. Monterey, California: Sea Challengers. ISBN 978-0-930118-21-1.
  4. Castro, Peter; Huber, Michael E. (4 October 2018). Marine biology (11th ed.). New York, NY. ISBN 978-1-260-08510-5. OCLC 1085562213.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. "Shrimp of the El Yunque National Forest" (PDF). U.S. Forestry Service. July 2008.
  6. Azofeifa-Solano, Juan Carlos; Elizondo-Coto, Marcelo & Wehrtmann, Ingo (2014-11-25). "Reproductive biology of the sea anemone shrimp Periclimenes rathbunae (Caridea, Palaemonidae, Pontoniinae), from the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica". ZooKeys (457): 211–225. doi:10.3897/zookeys.457.7380. PMC 4283372. PMID 25561838.
  7. Caves, Eleanor M.; Green, Patrick A. & Johnsen, Sönke (2018-06-27). "Mutual visual signalling between the cleaner shrimp Ancylomenes pedersoni and its client fish". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 285 (1881): 20180800. doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.0800. PMC 6030538. PMID 29925618.
  8. Bruce, A.J. (1976). "Shrimps and Prawns of Coral Reefs, with Special Reference to Commensalism". Biology and Geology of Coral Reefs: 37–94. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-395527-2.50009-3. ISBN 978-0-12-395527-2.
  9. Críales, María Mercedes & Corredor, Lilliane (2016-01-01). "Aspectos etologicos y ecologicos de camarones limpiadores de peces (Natantia: Palaemonidae, Hippolytidae, Stenopodidae)". Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. 9. doi:10.25268/bimc.invemar.1977.9.0.525.
  10. Spotte, Stephen (1 June 1996). "Supply of regenerated nitrogen to sea anemones by their symbiotic shrimp". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 198 (1): 27–36. doi:10.1016/0022-0981(95)00169-7.
  11. Fautin, DG; Guo, CC & Hwang, JS (June 1, 1996). "Costs and benefits of the symbiosis between the anemoneshrimp Periclimenes brevicarpalis and its host Entacmaea quadricolor". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 129: 77–84. doi:10.3354/meps129077.
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